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Flashcards ni Mang Inamo > Neuro Mod 1 > Flashcards

Neuro Mod 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Large part of brain

A

CEREBRUM

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2
Q

It consists of the Diencephalon and cerebral hemispheres

A

CEREBRUM

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3
Q

What are the 6 lobes?

A
  1. Frontal lobe
  2. Occipital lobe
  3. Temporal lobe
  4. Parietal lobe
  5. Insula
  6. Limbic
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4
Q

Connects the two hemispheres

A

CORPUS CALLOSUM

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5
Q

located center of the cerebrum, superior to the brainstem,
and is almost entirely enveloped by the cerebral
hemispheres

A

DIENCEPHALON

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6
Q

It is a large, egg-shaped collection of nuclei located
bilaterally above the brainstem

A

THALAMUS

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7
Q

produces complex synaptic
events

A

Cortical neurons

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8
Q

Y-shaped sheet of gray matter

A

Intramedullary Lamina

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9
Q

conveys information from the sensory systems (except
olfactory), the basal ganglia, or the cerebellum to the
cerebral cortex
* found in the ventral

A

Relay Nuclei

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10
Q

processes emotional and some memory information

A

Association Nuclei

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11
Q

LOC of Association Nuclei

A

anterior thalamus, medial thalamus, and dorsal tier
of the lateral thalamus

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12
Q
  • includes the reticular, midline, and intralaminar nuclei
  • significant in consciousness and arousal
A

Non-specific Nuclei

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13
Q

➢Maintaining homeostasis
➢Eating, reproductive, and defensive behaviors
➢Expression of emotions
➢Regulation of circadian rhythm (regulation of sleep)
➢Endocrine regulation of growth, metabolism, and
reproductive organs

A

HYPOTHALAMUS

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14
Q
  • innervated by sympathetic fibers
A

Pineal Gland

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15
Q

located in pancreas wherein insulin and
glucagon are produced

A

Langerhans

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16
Q

LOC of Subthalamus

A

superior to the substantia nigra of the midbrain

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17
Q

coordination of movement

A

Basal ganglia

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18
Q

top to bottom, vice versa* they extend from subcortical structures to the cerebral
cortex and from the cerebral cortex to the spinal cord (SC),
brainstem, basal ganglia, and thalamus

A

Projection Fibers

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19
Q

axons of projection neurons are gathered into a small
bundle

A

Internal Capsule (IC)

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20
Q

cortical fibers that project to the cranial nerve
motor nuclei and to the reticular formation

A

Genu

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21
Q

located between the thalamus and the
lentiform nucleus

A

Post. Limb

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22
Q

Connection between 2 hemispheres

A

Commissural Fibers

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23
Q

Connects the cortical regions within one hemisphere

A

Association Fibers

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24
Q

relates motivation and behaviors

A

Ventral Striatum

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25
Q

vast collection of cell bodies, axons, and dendrites
covering the surface of the cerebral hemisphere

A

CEREBRAL CORTEX

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26
Q

has an apical dendrite reaching from the upper end towards
the cortical surface, and basilar dendrites extending
horizontally from the soma

A

Pyramidal cells

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27
Q

*Spindle-shaped cells
*Projecting mainly to the thalamus

A

Fusiform Cells

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28
Q

*Smaller than pyramidal cells
*Remains within the cortex
*Serves as interneurons

A

Stellate Cells

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29
Q
  • published in 1909 by a German neurologist, Korbinian
    Brodmann.
    *Maps the cerebral cortex into 52 histologic regions based
    on cytoarchitectonic characteristics
A

BRODMANN’S AREA

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30
Q

LOC of Frontal lobe

A

anterior the precentral gyrus and parallel to the
central sulcus and divided by the lateral sulcus

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31
Q

Function: initiative, judgement, abstract reasoning,
creativity, and socially appropriate behavior; control of
voluntary movement

A

Frontal Lobe

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32
Q

Function: sensory integration, cognitive intelligence, pain

A

Parietal Lobe

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33
Q

LOC: anterior the precentral gyrus and parallel to the
central sulcus and divided by the lateral sulcus

A

Parietal Lobe

34
Q

▪ LOC: lies below the lat. cerebral fissure and extends back
to the level of the parietooccipital fissure on the med.
surface of the hemisphere

▪ Function: olfactory, auditory, long-term memory, and
abstract thought

A

Temporal Lobe

35
Q

▪ Function: visual processing

A

Occipital Lobe

36
Q

LOC of Occipital lobe

A

situated behind the parietooccipital fissure

37
Q

Larger cover, complex and finer movements

A

Motor homunculus (Precentral gyrus)

38
Q

Larger area, more nerves

A

Sensory homunculus (Postcentral gyrus)

39
Q

*FXN: source of most neurons in the corticospinal (CS)
tract and controls contralateral voluntary movements

A

Brodmann Area 4

40
Q

LOC of Brodmann Area 4

A

precentral gyrus, anterior to the central sulcus

41
Q

Premotor and supplementary motor cortex

A

Brodmann Area 6

42
Q

LOC of Brodmann Area 6

A

medial aspect of the hemisphere

43
Q

important
for initiation of movement, orientation of the eyes
and head and planning, bimanual and sequential
movements

A

Supplementary motor cortex (SM, 6)

44
Q

controls trunk and girdle
muscles

A

Premotor cortex (L, 6)

45
Q

Frontal Eye Fields

FXN: eye movements

A

Brodmann Area 8

46
Q

Ant. prefrontal cortex

LOC: ant. to the primary motor cortex within the
precentral gyrus and the adjacent premotor cortex

FXN: motor planning, judgement, reasoning, initiative,
higher order social behavior, working memory, and similar
functions

A

Brodmann Area 9

47
Q

*Frontal lobe cortex
*FXN: memory retrieval, decision making

A

Brodmann Area 10

48
Q

*Broca’s Area
*LOC: ant. to the motor cortex, dominant cerebral (L)
hemisphere
*FXN: motor planning of the mouth during speech
production, controlling lips and tongue

A

Brodmann Area 44 and 45

49
Q

*Primary somatosensory cortex
*LOC: central sulcus and on the adjacent post-central gyrus
*FXN: receives information from tactile and proprioceptive
receptors

A

Brodmann Area 1, 2, and 3

50
Q

*LOC: supramarginal gyrus
*FXN: perception of the processing of language

A

Brodmann Area 40

51
Q

*LOC: Perirhinal and ectorhinal cortex
*FXN: memory

A

Brodmann Area 35 and 36

52
Q

*LOC: fusiform gyrus
*FXN: facial recognition

A

Brodmann Area 37

53
Q

*LOC: Superior Middle Temporal Lobe
*FXN: perception of taste (sweet, bitter, sour, and umami);

A

Brodmann Area 43

54
Q

*Primary visual cortex
*LOC: posterior occipital lobe
*FXN: processing of visual stimuli, light & dark, shape,
movement objects

A

Brodmann Area 17

55
Q

*Secondary visual cortex
*LOC: surrounds the primary visual cortex
*FXN: interpreting of visual stimuli

A

Brodmann Area 18 and 19

56
Q

*Receives information from the ventral tier
*LOC: central sulcus and on the adjacent post central
gyrus
*Brodmann’s Areas 1, 2, and 3

A

Primary somatosensory cortex

57
Q

*Provides conscious discrimination of loudness and pitch of
sounds
*Receives information from B cochlea
*Brodmann’s Area 41

A

Primary auditory cortex

58
Q

Discriminates among head positions and head movements
relative to gravity by a vestibulothalamocortical pathway

A

Primary vestibular cortex

59
Q

*Receives information via a pathway from the retina to the
lateral geniculate body of the thalamus

*Distinguishes between light and dark, shapes, locations of
objects, and movement of objects

*Brodmann Area 17

A

Primary visual cortex

60
Q

*Analyzes sensory input from both the thalamus and the
primary sensory cortex

*Integrates tactile and proprioceptive information from
manipulating an object

*Brodmann’s Areas 5, 7

A

Secondary somatosensory cortex

61
Q

*Analyzes colors and motion, and its output to the tectum
directs visual fixation, the maintenance of an object in
central vision
*Brodmann Area 18-21

A

Secondary visual cortex

62
Q

*Compares sounds with memories of other sounds and then
categorizes the sounds as language, music, or noise
*Brodmann Area 22, 42

A

Secondary auditory cortex

63
Q

➢Language
➢Logic and analytic tasks

A

Dominant Hemisphere

64
Q

➢Less language capacity
➢Understanding and producing nonverbal communication
➢Comprehending spatial relationships

A

Non-dominant hemisphere

65
Q

*Controls language and speech in most people

A

LEFT HEMISPHERE

66
Q
  • Provides instruction for language output
  • L frontal lobe
A

Broca’s Area (BA 44)

67
Q
  • Comprehension of spoken language
  • L parietotemporal cortex
A

Wernicke’s Area (BA 22)

68
Q

*Leads in interpreting 3D images and spaces
*Music understanding
*Non-verbal communication

A

RIGHT HEMISPHERE

69
Q

Pervasive and sustained emotion subjectively experienced

A

Mood

70
Q

➢Observed expression of emotion
➢Can be inconsistent with px’s description of mood

A

Affect

71
Q
  • Generates feelings of fear and disgust
  • Interpret facial expressions, body language, social cues
  • Important for social behavior and emotional learning
A

Amygdala

72
Q

Generates sad mood and depression

A

Area 25 and Mediodorsal Thalamus

73
Q

Determines reward-oriented behavior and responses to
conditioned stimuli

A

Ventral Striatum

74
Q

Provides awareness of emotions and of stimuli inside the
body

A

Anterior Insula

75
Q

*Automatic emotional regulation
*Resolve goal conflicts

A

Hippocampus

76
Q

Directs attention away from emotional stimuli

A

Rostral Cingulate Gyrus

77
Q

Involved in sad mood, determining the value of objects,
and linking rewards with specific stimuli, and it elicits ANS
ax

A

Ventromedial prefrontal cortex

78
Q

*Use of rewards to guide behavior
*Inhibits maladaptive behavior

A

Orbital Cortex

79
Q
  • active when making a decision with an uncertain outcome

*Pleasure-seeking (sabotages diet resolutions and key player
in addiction)

A

Limbic Loop

80
Q

Recognizes social disapproval, self-regulates behavior,
selects information from irrelevant, maintains attention and
stimulus-response learning

A

Behavioral flexibility and control loop

Flashcards ni Mang Inamo (16 decks)

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