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Flashcards ni Mang Inamo > M3: HFN > Flashcards

M3: HFN Flashcards

1
Q

Paired Bones in Braincase

A

○ Parietal (2)
○ Temporal (2)

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2
Q

Unpaired Bones in Braincase

A

○ Frontal (1)
○ Occipital (1)
○ Sphenoid (1)
○ Ethmoid (1)

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3
Q

● unpaired, ‘shell-shaped’ bone that forms the anterosuperior aspect
of the cranium.
● consists of the four parts: squamous, orbital (x2), and nasal.

A

FRONTAL BONE

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4
Q

vertical groove in the midline of the frontal
bone. It contains the superior sagittal sinus.

A

Sagittal sulcus

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5
Q

○ largest component | forms the shape of the forehead
○ houses the frontal sinuses.
separated from the orbital part by the supraorbital margin.
■ contains the supraorbital foramen, where the supraorbital
vessels and nerve pass through.

A

SQUAMOUS PART

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6
Q

extension of the sagittal sulcus edges
(forms an attachment for the falx cerebri).

A

Frontal crest

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7
Q

○ small area that projects inferiorly between the supraorbital
margins.
○ area of articulation for the nasal bones and frontal processes
of the maxilla.

A

NASAL PART

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7
Q

○ Two parts
○ triangular-shaped flat plate | forms the roof of the orbit.

A

ORBITAL PART

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8
Q

bilateral skull bones that form the superior and lateral walls of the
cranium.

A

PARIETAL BONE

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9
Q

Superior | thickest and longest | Sagittal Suture

A

Sagittal border

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10
Q

Inferior | articulates with the greater wing of the
sphenoid bone and the squamous and petrous parts of
temporal bone

A

Squamosal border

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11
Q

Arteriorly | most serrated margin | comes in contact with
the frontal bone to form the superolateral half of the
coronal suture.

A

Frontal Border

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12
Q

Posteriorly | forms the inferolateral half of the lambdoid
suture by articulating with the occipital bone.

A

Occipital Border

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13
Q

● trapezoid in shape | flat, unpaired bone that forms a major part of
the posterior wall and base of the skull.
● protects the cerebellum and occipital lobes of the cerebrum

A

OCCIPITAL BONE

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14
Q

The layer of loose areolar connective tissue is known as the “danger area
of the scalp” as it contains valveless emissary veins that connect the
superficial veins in the subaponeurotic space with the intracranial venous
sinuses.
If present, the occipital emissary vein connects the occipital vein to the
union of the intracranial sinuses, making it possible for an infection to
spread from the occipital scalp to the meninges.

A

Infections via the “Danger Area of the Scalp”

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15
Q

● ‘Butterfly-shaped‘
● consists of a body, paired greater wings and lesser wings, and two
pterygoid processes.

A

SPHENOID BONE

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16
Q

a saddle-shaped depression

A

Sella turcica

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17
Q

the deepest part of the sella turcica,
where the pituitary gland is located.

A

Hypophyseal fossa

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18
Q

forms the anterior wall of the sella
turcica, and the posterior aspect of the chiasmatic groove.

A

Tuberculum sellae

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19
Q

– a sulcus formed by the optic chiasm (where the
optic nerves partially cross).

A

Chiasmatic groove

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20
Q

roof of the nasal cavity. It is pierced by numerous
olfactory nerve fibres, which gives it a sieve-like structure.

A

Cribriform plate

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21
Q

lightweight, spongy structure.
● situated at the roof of the nasal cavity, and between the two
orbital cavities.
● contributes to the medial wall of the orbit and forms part of the
anterior cranial fossa, where it separates the nasal cavity
(inferiorly) from the cranial cavity (superiorly).
● also forms a significant portion of the nasal septum and lateral
nasal wall.
● The Olfactory nerve fibres pass through the cribriform plate of the
ethmoid bone to innervate the nasal cavity with the sense of smell.
○ (this is why it looks like a sieve)

A

ETHMOID BONE

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22
Q

-projection of bone descends from the cribriform
plate | forms the superior two-thirds of the nasal septum.

A

Perpendicular plate

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23
Q
  • large masses located at either side of the
    perpendicular plate
A

Ethmoidal labyrinths (2)

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24
Q

the lateral sheet of bone, which also forms the
medial wall of the orbit

A

Orbital plate

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25
Q

forms the upper lateral wall of the nasal cavity,
from which the superior and middle conchae extend into the nasal
cavity.

A

Medial sheet

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26
Q

A fracture to the cribriform plate may allow communication between the
nasal cavity and the central nervous system. Consequently, cerebrospinal
fluid (CSF) can enter the nasal cavity and drain out from the nose. This
manifests clinically as a clear watery discharge from one side of the nose
– and is known as CSF rhinorrhoea.
The leaks normally stop spontaneously and can be managed
conservatively, however surgery is sometimes required. Spontaneous CSF
rhinorrhoea can also occur due to congenital or acquired defects in the
ethmoid bone.

A

CSF Rhinorrhoea

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27
Q

Paired Facial Bones

A

○ Maxilla (2)
○ Zygomatic (2)
○ Palatine (2)
○ Lacrimal (2)
○ Nasal (2)
○ Inferior concha (2)

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28
Q

Unpaired facial bones

A

○ Mandible (1)
○ Vomer (1)

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29
Q

Thinnest/softest part of the
lateral aspect of skull.

A

Pterion

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30
Q

Unossified membranous
intervals

A

Fontanelles

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31
Q

Anterior fontanelle

A

18 Months

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32
Q

Posterior fontanelle

A

12 months

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33
Q

Layers of the SCALP

A

● Skin
● Connective tissue
● Aponeurosis
● Loose Areolar Tissue
● Pericranium

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34
Q

Blood Supply to the Scalp

A

○ Supratrochlear artery and
vein
○ Supraorbital artery and
vein
○ Superficial temporal
artery and vein
○ Posterior auricular artery
and vein
○ Occipital artery and vein

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35
Q

Upward and Medially

A

Superior Rectus

36
Q

Downward and Medially

A

Inferior Rectus

37
Q

Cornea looks Medially

A

Medial Rectus

38
Q

Cornea looks Laterally

A

Lateral Rectus

39
Q

Downward and Laterally

A

Superior Oblique

40
Q

Upward and Laterally

A

Inferior Oblique

41
Q

(surprise)

A

Occipitofrontalis

42
Q

(eye opening)

A

Levator palpebrae superioris

43
Q

(eye closing)

A

Orbicularis oculi

44
Q

(frowning)

A

Corrugator supercilli

45
Q

(wrinkling the bridge
of the nose)

A

Procerus

46
Q

(lip closing and
kissing)

A

Orbicularis oris

46
Q

(sneering)

A

Levator anguli oris

46
Q

(cheek
compression)

A

Buccinator

47
Q

smiling)

A

Zygomaticus major and minor

47
Q

(pouting)

A

Mentalis

48
Q

(sadness)

A

Depressor anguli oris

49
Q

(egad)

A

Platysma

50
Q

(grinning)

A

Risorius

51
Q

(melancholy/irony)

A

Depressor labii inferioris

52
Q

Blood Supply to the Face

A

○ Facial artery and vein
○ Superficial temporal
artery

53
Q

Articulation: Occurs between
the articular tubercle and the
anterior portion of the
mandibular fossa of the
temporal bone above and the
head (condyloid process) of the
mandible below
● Type of joint: Synovial joint
● Movements: Mandibular
depression, elevation,
protrusion and retrusion and
rotation

A

Temporomandibular Joint

54
Q

Mouth/Jaw Closing

A

○ Temporalis
○ Internal/Medial pterygoid
○ Masseter

55
Q

Mouth/Jaw Opening

A

○ External/Lateral pterygoid
○ Digastric
○ Mylohyoid
○ Geniohyoid

56
Q

Mouth/Jaw Retraction

A

Temporalis

57
Q

○ External/Lateral pterygoid
○ Internal/Medial pterygoid
○ Masseter

A

Mouth/Jaw Protrusion

57
Q

Mouth/Jaw Protrusion

A

○ External/Lateral pterygoid
○ Internal/Medial pterygoid
○ Masseter

58
Q

Lateral excursion/deviation

A

○ Ipsilateral
■ Temporalis
■ Masseter
○ Contralateral
■ Medial pterygoid
■ Lateral pterygoid

59
Q

How many vertebrae in Cervical Region

A

7 Vertebrae

60
Q

What are the 3 atypical vertebrae

A

atlas, axis, C7

61
Q

(-) body, pedicle, lamina
and spinous process

A

C1 (Atlas)

62
Q

(+) odontoid process/dens

A

C2 (Axis)

63
Q

○ Spinous process is not bifid
○ Long, slender similar to
thoracic vertebra

A

C7 (Vertebral prominens)

64
Q

● Continuation of the ALL, which
runs as a band down the
anterior surface of the vertebral
column
● The membrane connects the
anterior arch of the atlas to the
anterior margin of the foramen
magnum
● Limits extension

A

Anterior atlanto-occipital
membrane

65
Q

● Similar to the ligamentum
flavum and connects the
posterior arch of the atlas to
the posterior margin of the
foramen magnum
● Limits flexion

A

Posterior atlanto-occipital
membrane

66
Q

runs form the posterior
surface of the body to the axis
to the anterior margin of the
foramen magnum.

A

Vertical part of Cruciate Ligament

67
Q

attached on each side to the
inner aspect of the lateral
mass of the atlas and bind the
odontoid process of the
anterior arch of the atlas.

A

Transverse part of Cruciate ligament

68
Q

An upward continuation of the
PLL

A

Membrane Tectoria

68
Q

● Runs continuous band down
the posterior surfaces of the
vertebral column form the skull
to the sacrum
● Limits flexion

A

Posterior Longitudinal Ligament
(PLL)

68
Q

● Runs continuous from anterior
surface of the vertebral column
from skull to sacrum.
● Limits extension

A

Anterior Longitudinal Ligament
(ALL

68
Q

Runs between the tips
of adjacent spine

A

Supraspinous ligament

69
Q

This connects the
adjacent spine

A

Interspinous ligament

70
Q

● Connects the laminae
of the adjacent
vertebrae.
● Continuation of
tectorial membrane

A

Ligamentum Flavum

71
Q

Suprahyoid muscles

A
  • Digastric
  • Geniohyoid
  • Stylohyoid
  • Mylohyoid
72
Q

Anterior Triangle

A

Carotid triangle
● Digastric triangle
(Submandibular)
● Submental triangle
● Muscular triangle

73
Q

Posterior Triangle

A

● Occipital triangle
● Supraclavicular triangle

74
Q

Contains the carotid arterial
system (common carotid
artery, IJV and vagus nerve)
● The carotid pulse can be
palpated in this are

A

Carotid Triangle

75
Q

● AKA submandibular triangle
● Contains the submandibular
gland and submandibular
lymph nodes

A

Digastric Triangle

76
Q

Contains submental lymph
nodes

A

Submental Triangle

77
Q

● Anterior border of the SCM
● Floor of the triangle
composed of:
○ Sternohyoid
○ Sternothyroid

A

Muscular Triangle

78
Q

● Superior to the omohyoid
muscle
● Contains the spinal accessory
nerve (CN XI), cutaneous
branches of cervical nerves
(C2-C4) and cervical lymph
nodes

A

Occipital Triangle

79
Q

● AKA omoclavicular triangle
● Supraclavicular fossa
(subclavian arterial pulse)
● Subclavian artery

A

Supraclavicular Triangle

80
Q
A
81
Q

forms the posterior wall of the sella turcica

A

Dorsum Sellae

Flashcards ni Mang Inamo (16 decks)

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