Module 1 ANA 2024 Flashcards by Fell into the rabbithole

Toward the body’s
right side

RIGHT

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Surface of the skin covered by the nail

Nail Bed

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ball-shaped head of one
bone fits into a socket-like concavity of another
Movements include flexion,
extension, abduction, adduction,
medial rotation, lateral rotation,
and circumduction

BALL AND SOCKET JOINT

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Palms up

SUPINATION

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Small, flattened articular surface

FACET

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A site where two or more bones come together
regardless of movement between them

JOINTS

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SYNARTHROSIS
STRUCTURE - _______
PRIMARY FUNCTION - ______, _______ & _____
MOTION - ________
EXAMPLE - __________

STRUCTURE - Fibrous
PRIMARY FUNCTION - Stability, shock absorption,
and force transmission
MOTION - Very slight
EXAMPLE - Tibiofibular Articulation

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articular surfaces are reciprocally
concave or convex and resemble a saddle on a
horse’s back
Movements possible are flexion,
extension, abduction, adduction,
and rotation

SADDLE JOINT

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FUNCTION
▪ Provides rigidity with even more
flexibility than hyaline cartilage
▪ Fibers can return to their original
shape after being stretched

LOCATION
▪ External ears
▪ Epiglottis
▪ Auditory tubes

ELASTIC CARTILAGE

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Big toe down

EVERSION

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Deep, narrow depression

GROOVE, ULCUS

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the design enables flexion and
extension movements

(door)

HINGE JOINT

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Towards the back of
the body

DORSAL

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Example of Saddle Joint

Carpometacarpal joint of the thumb

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Upon a condyle

Epicondyle

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Root of the hair

Hair Bulb

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Turning away from the midline
(Outward)

LATERAL/EXTERNAL
ROTATION

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SLOW-TWITCH (TYPE I)
Fiber Diameter - ______
Myoglobin content - _____
Mitochondria - _______
Metabolism - _______
Fatigue Resistance - _________
Myosin Head Activity - __________
Glycogen Concentration - _______
Functions - _________

Fiber Diameter - Smallest
Myoglobin content - High
Mitochondria - Many
Metabolism - High Aerobic capacity
Fatigue Resistance - High (tires easily)
Myosin Head Activity - Slow
Glycogen Concentration - Low
Functions - Maintenance of posture;
endurance activity

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Motions of Frontal Plane

Abduction
Adduction
Ulnar Deviations
Radial Deviation
Lateral Flexion

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Controls involuntary movement activities

AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYTEM

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Transport blood towards the heart

VEINS

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Side bend/sideward

LATERAL FLEXION

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Constriction between head and
body

NECK

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Anterior Root (Afferent Fibers) = ?

Motor

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The study of a minimal amount of anatomy usually consistent with the understanding of the overall structure and function of the anatomy

Basic Anatomy

Depression in the margin of a bone

NOTCH

AMPHIARTHROSIS STRUCTURE - ____________ PRIMARY FUNCTION - _________ and __________ MOTION - __________ EXAMPLE _____________ _____________ _____________

STRUCTURE - Cartilaginous PRIMARY FUNCTION - Stability with specific and limited mobility MOTION - Limited EXAMPLE Pubic Symphysis Intervertebral Joint Sternocostal Joint

Describe the Anatomical Position

- Standing erect Facing Forward - Head - Body - Palms - Knees - Feet

- Below Dermis - The dermis of the skin is connected to the underlying deep fascia

SUPERFICIAL FASCIA /SUBCUTENEOUS TISSUE

SMOOTH MUSCLE Location - _____ Cell Shape - ______ Nucleus - _________ Special Features - __________ Striations - ________ Autorhythmic - __________ Control - ___________ Function - ___________-

Location - Walls or hollow organs, blood vessels, and glands Cell Shape - Spindle-shaped Nucleus - Single, central Special Features - Cell-to-cell attachments Striations - No (since its smooth) Autorhythmic - Yes Control - Involuntary Function - Compress organs, ducts, tubes, and so on

Fluid-filled sac that works as a cushion and gliding surface to reduce friction between tissues of the body (Like balloon with water)

BURSA

How many are Cranial Nerves?

Lying on the back

SUPINE

DIARTHROSIS STRUCTURE - ____________ PRIMARY FUNCTION - ____________ MOTION - __________________ EXAMPLE ____________ & ____________

STRUCTURE - Synovial w/ ligaments PRIMARY FUNCTION - Mobility MOTION - Free according to degrees of freedom EXAMPLE - Shoulder Joint Hip Joint

Proximal edge of the plate

Nail Root

Tunnel

Canal, Meatus

- have two distinct convex surfaces that articulate with two concave surfaces - Movements possible are flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, and rotation

CONDYLOID JOINT

Towards the middle or midline of the body

MEDIAL

Posterior Root (Efferent Fibers) = ?

Sensory

Away from the surface; internal / bumababa sa surface

DEEP

Flat, tongue-shaped process

Lingula

- a central bony pivot is surrounded by a bony-ligamentous ring - Rotation is the only possible movement

PIVOT JOINTS:

Towards the belly

VENTRAL

Line the cavities of the trunk and are reflected onto the mobile viscera lying within these cavities - no opening

SEROUS MEMBRANE

CARDIAC MUSCLE Location - _______ Cell Shape - ______ Nucleus - ________ Special Features - ________ Striations - _________ Autorhythmic - _________ Control Function - __________

Location - Walls or hollow organs, blood vessels, and glands Cell Shape - Branched Nucleus - Usually single, central Special Features - Intercalated disks Striations - Yes Autorhythmic - Yes Control - Involuntary Function - Contracts heart to propel blood through the body

FUNCTION ▪ Allows growth of long bone ▪ Forms strong, smooth, yet somewhat flexible articulating surfaces LOCATION ▪ Growing long bones ▪ Costal cartilage of ribs

HYALINE CARTILAGE

Bend

ANGLE

Bones of the head or cranium

SKULL

Farther from a point of attachment/ Mas mababa sa point of attachment

DISTAL

Enlarged, often rounded end

HEAD

Example of Ball and Socket Joint

Shoulder and hip joints

Branch off the body beyond the angle

RAMUS

Fibrous band that holds a structure in place in the region of joints

RETINACULUM

Divides the body into right and left sides

Sagittal Plane

Prominent Ridge

CREST, CRIST

Hook-shaped process

HEMULUS

SKELETAL MUSCLE Location - ________ Cell Shape - __________ Nucleus - ________ Striations - _________ Autorhythmic - ________ Control - ______ Function - _________

Location - Attached to Bone Cell Shape - Long, cylindrical Nucleus - Multiple, Peripheral Striations - Yes Autorhythmic - No Control - Voluntary Function - Move the whole body

bone to bone connections

LIGAMENT

Smooth, rounded articular surface

CONDYLE

A. CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM (CNS) includes?

- Brain - Spinal Cord

Produces the movements of the skeleton

SKELETAL MUSCLE

Body of the hair

Hair Shaft

Towards the front of the body/ Towards belly

ANTERIOR (Ventral)

Divides the body into front and back parts

Frontal Plane

5 LAYERS OF THE EPIDERMIS

- Stratum Corneum - Stratum Lucidum - Stratum Granulosum - Stratum Spinosum - Stratum Basale

Connects muscles to bones

TENDONS

Same side of the body

IPSILATERAL

lining the wall of cavity

Parietal Layer -

Away from the midline of the body

LATERAL

smallest arteries (<0.01 in diameter)

Arterioles

Is the tubular bursa that surrounds a tendon

SYNOVIAL SHEATH

Turning towards the midline (Inward)

MEDIAL/INTERNAL ROTATION

Edge

MARGIN, BORDER

Big toe up

INVERSION

Towards or on the surface/ mas mababaw

SUPERFICIAL

Combination in a sequence of the movements of flexion, extension, abduction

CIRCUMDUCTION

Foot towards plantar surface (Foot down; Like planting yourself)

PLANTAR FLEXION

Deeper part of the skin

DERMIS

Little pit

FOVEA

Lying face downward

PRONE

covers the viscera and internal organs

Visceral Layer

Motions of Sagittal Plane

- Flexion - Extension

The study of the macroscopic structure and function of the body relating to the practice of medicine and other health sciences

Clinical Anatomy

- Forms the upright axis of the body ▪ It protects the brain, the spinal cord and the vital organs that housed within the thorax

AXIAL SKELETON

A living tissue capable of changing its structure as the result of the stresses to which it is subjected.  Protective Function  Lever  Storage  Blood Formation

BONE

22 bones of Skull divided in two are called

- Braincase - Facial Bones

Surrounds the nail with over folding of the skin

Nail Folds

Horn-shaped process

CORNU

Move forward

PROTRACTION

Prominent projection

PROCESS

The apposed articular surfaces are flat; permits the bones to slide on one another

PLANE JOINT

Down

INFERIOR (Caudal)

Superficial part of the skin

EPIDERMIS

Foot towards the shin (Tibia)

DORSIFLEXION

Cavity

SINUS, LABYRINTH

Fissure

Cleft

Low Ridge

LINE, LINEA

Intersection of the arterioles and venules

CAPILLARY

Bend (Usually an anterior movement)

FLEXION

Towards the midline

ADDUCTION

Example of Condyloid Joint

metacarpophalangeal joints (MCP) or knuckle joints

Small, rounded bump

TUBERCLE

FUNCTION ▪ Slightly flexible and capable of withstanding considerable pressure ▪ Connects structures subjected to great pressure LOCATION ▪ Intervertebral disks ▪ Pubic symphysis (pelvic bone) ▪ Articular disks (knees and TMJ)

FIBROCARTILAGE

Move backward

RETRACTION

A thin but strong sheet of fibrous tissue attached to flattened muscles

APONEUROSES

Turn around

ROTATION

- an elliptical convex articular surface fits into an elliptical concave articular surface - Movements possible are flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction; rotation is impossible

ELLIPSOID JOINT

Closer to a point of attachment/ Mas mataas sa point of attachment

PROXIMAL

SUPERIOR (Cephalic)

General term for a depression

FOSSA

Knob; larger than a tubercle

TUBEROSITY

Example of Ellipsoid Joint

Wrist joint

Firm, smooth, resilient Non-vascular (no blood supply) connective tissue

CARTILAGE

Opposite side of the body

CONTRALATERAL

Study of structures and functions of the body

Anatomy

The lining of organs or passages that communicate with the surface of the body - opening palabas ng body

MUCOUS MEMBRANE

Example of Pivot Joint

Atlantoaxial and superior radioulnar joints

How many pairs of Spinal Nerves

Example of Plane Joint

sternoclavicular joint and acromioclavicular joint

Towards the back of the body

POSTERIOR (Dorsal)

Toward the body’s left side

LEFT

Main Part

BODY

Transport blood away from the heart and distribute it to the various tissues of the body

ARTERY

Motions of Transverse Plane

- Internal Rotation - External Rotation - Pronation - Supination - Protraction - Retraction

Divides the body into upper and lower parts

Transverse Plane

Palms down

PRONATION

Tuberosity on the proximal femur

TROCHANTER

Hole

Foramen

Very high Ridge

SPINE

FAST-TWITCH GLYCOLYTIC (TYPE IIb) Fiber Diameter - ________ Myoglobin content -_______ Mitochondria - ________- Metabolism - _______ Fatigue Resistance - __________ Myosin Head Activity - _____________ Glycogen Concentration - __________ Functions - ___________

Fiber Diameter - Largest Myoglobin content - Low Mitochondria - Few Metabolism - High Aerobic Capacity Fatigue Resistance - Low (Tires slow) Myosin Head Activity - Fast Glycogen Concentration - High Functions - Rapid, intense movement of short duration (sprinting, dead lift)

Away from the midline

ABDUCTION

What are the Spinal Nerves and how many are each of them

- 8 Cervical - 12 Lumbar - 5 Thoracic - 5 Sacral - 1 Coccygeal

Example of Hinge Joint

Elbow, knee, and ankle joints

Is an interdigitation of the tedious ends of fibers of flat muscles

RAPHE

Controls voluntary activities

SOMATIC NERVOUS SYTEM

To straighten (Mostly posterior movement)

EXTENSION