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Flashcards ni Mang Inamo > Motor System > Flashcards

Motor System Flashcards

bored bap nyo kaya gumwa ako neto

1
Q

MOD TRUE or FALSE: Reflexes are controlled by the frontal Lobe

A

Frontal Lobe; Spinal or higher levels

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2
Q

MOD TRUE or FALSE: Specific, goal-directed movements such as walking or swimming, are governed by neural networks that include the spinal cord, brain stem, and cerebellum

A

Specific, goal-directed movements; Stereotypic repetitious movements

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3
Q

Where is Upper Motor Neuron located?

A

Motor strip of the cerebral cortex

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4
Q

MOD TRUE or FALSE: Specific, goal-directed movements are initiated at the level of the temporal lobe

A

Temporal lobe; Cerebellum

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5
Q

The ventral horn cells in the spinal cord and motor cranial neurons in the brain stem

A

Lower Motor Neuron

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6
Q

Neural activity begins with a decision made parietal lobe

A

Anterior part of the frontal lobe

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7
Q

Activated which regulate the activity of the UMN tracts

A

Control Circuits

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8
Q

What is the function of BA 8, 9, 10 (Medial Dorsal Prefrontal Area)

A

Goal-oriented Behavior, selfawareness

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9
Q

Its function is emotion, motivation, personality

A

BA 11 + 45, 47 (Ventral Prefrontal Area)

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10
Q

What is the function of BA 44, 45 (Broca’s Area)

A

Motor programming of speech

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11
Q

Its function is goal-oriented behavior, selfawareness

A

BA 46 + Lateral 8, 9 (Dorsolateral Prefrontal)

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12
Q

Provide all of the motor signals from the brain to the spinal cord and
from the cerebrum to the cranial nerve lower motor neurons in the
brainstem.

A

UPPER MOTOR NEURON

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13
Q

the lateral corticospinal tract forms the medullary pyramids, this tract was called?

A

Pyramidal Tracts

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14
Q

MOD TRUE or FALSE: The basal ganglia were mistakenly believed to
exclusively control the extrapyramidal tracts; thus, in clinical terminology, medullary pyramids became synonymous with basal ganglia.

A

Extrapyramidal

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15
Q

MOD TRUE or FALSE: Medial UMN -Fractionated movement; Face and Neck muscles

A

Fractionated movement; Face and Neck muscles; Postural and Girdle Muscles

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16
Q

Contributes to background levels of excitation in the cord and facilitates local reflex arcs

A

Non-specific UMN

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17
Q

Fractionated movement; Face and Neck muscles

A

Lateral UMN

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18
Q

MOD TRUE or FALSE: Medial UMN activity controlling posture and motor movements usually occurs automatically, without conscious effort.

A

gross movements; Motor Movements

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19
Q

Prominent in lower mammals but insignificant in primates. In primates, the
reticulospinal tract instead of the tectospinal tract conveys signals from the tectum to the spinal
cord.

A

Tectospinal Tract

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20
Q

Origin of RETICULOSPINAL TRACT

A

Pontine and Medullary Reticular Formation

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21
Q

Facilitate bilateral lower motor neurons innervating postural and gross limb
movement muscles throughout the entire body

A

RETICULOSPINAL TRACT

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22
Q

Decussation of MEDIAL VESTIBULOSPINAL TRACT

A

Uncrossed

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23
Q

Function of LATERAL VESTIBULOSPINAL TRACT

A

Facilitates extensors; inhibits flexors = Balance

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24
Q

Destination of MEDIAL CORTICOSPINAL TRACT

A

Alpha motor neurons of the cervical and upper thoracic
cord

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25
MOD TRUE or FALSE: The rubospinal tract descends from the cortex through the internal capsule and the anterior brainstem
rubospinal tract; MEDIAL CORTICOSPINAL TRACT
26
Fractionated movement; Face and Neck muscles
Lateral UMN
27
The ability to activate individual muscles independently
Fractionation
28
Decussation of RUBROSPINAL TRACT
Ventral Tegmental Area in the Midbrain
29
Decussation of LATERAL CORTICOSPINAL TRACT
Pyramidal decussation (corticomedullary junction)
30
MOD TRUE or FALSE: Voluntary movements of the muscles associated with cranial nerves V, VII, and IX, X, XI, and XII are via the corticobulbar pathway.
TRUE
31
Tracts descending from two bilateral nuclei in the brainstem enhance the activity of interneurons and lower motor neurons in the spinal cord.
Non-Specific UMN
32
MOD TRUE or FALSE: Raphespinal Tract releases seratonin and modulates the activity of the spinal cord
TRUE
33
MOD TRUE or FALSE: Ceruleospinal Tract releases seratonin and produces tonic facilitation of spinal LMN
Seratonin; Norepinephrine
34
Classification of pyramidal according to functionality?
CST, CB (CN)
35
This is classified as "other tracts" according to functionality
Extrapyramidal Tracts
36
This is classified as "Anterior CST, Medial VST, Lateral VST, RtST, TST" according to synapses
Medial UMN
37
This is classified as "Lateral CST, RbST " according to synapses
Lateral UMN
38
MOD TRUE or FALSE: RhST, CrST is the classification of the Non-specific UMN according to synapses
TRUE
39
A group of muscles innervated by a single spinal nerve
Myotomes
40
Groups of cell bodies in the spinal cord whose axons project to a single muscle.
Lower Motor Neuron Pools
41
MOD TRUE or FALSE: Medially located pools innervate axial and proximal muscles
TRUE
42
MOD TRUE or FALSE: Laterally located pools innervate extensors
extensors; distal muscles
43
Where does the Lower Motor Neuron Pools innervate anteriorly?
extensors
44
Where does the Lower Motor Neuron Pools innervate posteriorly?
flexors
45
The inhibition of antagonist muscles during agonist contraction, is achieved by interneurons in the spinal cord that link lower motor neurons into functional groups.
Reciprocal Inhibition
46
Coordinated muscular action.
Muscle Synergy
47
What term do clinicians often restrict using?
Pathologic synergies
48
A complete proprioceptive model of the body in time and space
Proprioceptive Body Schema
49
MOD TRUE or FALSE: The withdrawal flex is present only following LMN lesions
withdrawal flex; tonic stretch reflex
50
MOD TRUE or FALSE: The circuitry for the withdrawal reflex is located within the spinal cord
TRUE
51
The purpose is to quantify the level of alpha motor neuron facilitation or inhibition
H-Reflexes
52
MOD TRUE or FALSE: Lower motor neurons are the only neurons that convey signals to extrafusal and intrafusal skeletal muscle fibers
TRUE
53
MOD TRUE or FALSE: An alpha motor neuron and the muscle fibers it innervates are called a muscle synergy
muscle synergy; motor unit
54
Order of recruitment from smaller to larger alpha motor neurons
Henneman’s Size Principle
55
MOD TRUE or FALSE: Smaller-diameter, Slower Conducting Alpha Motor Neuron are classified as Innervate fast-twitch muscles and Mobility muscles
innervate slow-twitch muscle fibers; Innervate fast-twitch muscles
56
Classified as postural and slowly contracting muscles
Smaller-diameter, Slower Conducting Alpha Motor Neuron
57
MOD TRUE or FALSE: The basal ganglia and the cerebellum adjust activity in the descending upper motor neurons (UMNs), despite lack of direct connections with lower motor neurons (LMNs).
TRUE
58
Its anatomy is Caudate + Putamen + Globus Pallidus
Central Basal Ganglia
59
Its anatomy is Putamen + Globus Pallidus
Lentiform Nucleus
60
Its anatomy is Caudate + Putame
Striatum
61
Located inferior to the thalamus and lateral to the hypothalamus
Subthalamic Nucleus
62
provides essential dopamine to the striatum.
Substantia nigra compacta
63
MOD TRUE or FALSE: Substantia nigra reticularis and the globus pallidus internus are the output nuclei of the basal ganglia system
TRUE
64
Produced in the cortical motor areas which produces excitation of the striatum
Glutamate
65
MOD TRUE or FALSE: Dopamine from the substantia nigra to the striatum adjusts signals to the output nuclei, so the output nuclei provide the appropriate level of inhibition to their target nuclei.
TRUE
66
Regulates muscle contraction, muscle force, multijoint movements, and sequencing of movements via the pathways.
Basal Ganglia Motor Circuitry

Flashcards ni Mang Inamo (16 decks)

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