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Flashcards ni Mang Inamo > Motor System > Flashcards

Motor System Flashcards

bored bap nyo kaya gumwa ako neto

1
Q

MOD TRUE or FALSE: Reflexes are controlled by the frontal Lobe

A

Frontal Lobe; Spinal or higher levels

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2
Q

MOD TRUE or FALSE: Specific, goal-directed movements such as walking or swimming, are governed by neural networks that include the spinal cord, brain stem, and cerebellum

A

Specific, goal-directed movements; Stereotypic repetitious movements

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3
Q

Where is Upper Motor Neuron located?

A

Motor strip of the cerebral cortex

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4
Q

MOD TRUE or FALSE: Specific, goal-directed movements are initiated at the level of the temporal lobe

A

Temporal lobe; Cerebellum

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5
Q

The ventral horn cells in the spinal cord and motor cranial neurons in the brain stem

A

Lower Motor Neuron

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6
Q

Neural activity begins with a decision made parietal lobe

A

Anterior part of the frontal lobe

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7
Q

Activated which regulate the activity of the UMN tracts

A

Control Circuits

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8
Q

What is the function of BA 8, 9, 10 (Medial Dorsal Prefrontal Area)

A

Goal-oriented Behavior, selfawareness

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9
Q

Its function is emotion, motivation, personality

A

BA 11 + 45, 47 (Ventral Prefrontal Area)

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10
Q

What is the function of BA 44, 45 (Broca’s Area)

A

Motor programming of speech

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11
Q

Its function is goal-oriented behavior, selfawareness

A

BA 46 + Lateral 8, 9 (Dorsolateral Prefrontal)

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12
Q

Provide all of the motor signals from the brain to the spinal cord and
from the cerebrum to the cranial nerve lower motor neurons in the
brainstem.

A

UPPER MOTOR NEURON

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13
Q

the lateral corticospinal tract forms the medullary pyramids, this tract was called?

A

Pyramidal Tracts

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14
Q

MOD TRUE or FALSE: The basal ganglia were mistakenly believed to
exclusively control the extrapyramidal tracts; thus, in clinical terminology, medullary pyramids became synonymous with basal ganglia.

A

Extrapyramidal

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15
Q

MOD TRUE or FALSE: Medial UMN -Fractionated movement; Face and Neck muscles

A

Fractionated movement; Face and Neck muscles; Postural and Girdle Muscles

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16
Q

Contributes to background levels of excitation in the cord and facilitates local reflex arcs

A

Non-specific UMN

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17
Q

Fractionated movement; Face and Neck muscles

A

Lateral UMN

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18
Q

MOD TRUE or FALSE: Medial UMN activity controlling posture and motor movements usually occurs automatically, without conscious effort.

A

gross movements; Motor Movements

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19
Q

Prominent in lower mammals but insignificant in primates. In primates, the
reticulospinal tract instead of the tectospinal tract conveys signals from the tectum to the spinal
cord.

A

Tectospinal Tract

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20
Q

Origin of RETICULOSPINAL TRACT

A

Pontine and Medullary Reticular Formation

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21
Q

Facilitate bilateral lower motor neurons innervating postural and gross limb
movement muscles throughout the entire body

A

RETICULOSPINAL TRACT

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22
Q

Decussation of MEDIAL VESTIBULOSPINAL TRACT

A

Uncrossed

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23
Q

Function of LATERAL VESTIBULOSPINAL TRACT

A

Facilitates extensors; inhibits flexors = Balance

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24
Q

Destination of MEDIAL CORTICOSPINAL TRACT

A

Alpha motor neurons of the cervical and upper thoracic
cord

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25
Q

MOD TRUE or FALSE: The rubospinal tract descends from the cortex through the internal capsule and the anterior brainstem

A

rubospinal tract; MEDIAL CORTICOSPINAL TRACT

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26
Q

Fractionated movement; Face and Neck muscles

A

Lateral UMN

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27
Q

The ability to activate individual muscles independently

A

Fractionation

28
Q

Decussation of RUBROSPINAL TRACT

A

Ventral Tegmental Area in the Midbrain

29
Q

Decussation of LATERAL CORTICOSPINAL TRACT

A

Pyramidal decussation (corticomedullary junction)

30
Q

MOD TRUE or FALSE: Voluntary movements of the muscles associated with cranial nerves V, VII, and IX, X,
XI, and XII are via the corticobulbar pathway.

A

TRUE

31
Q

Tracts descending from two bilateral nuclei in the brainstem enhance the
activity of interneurons and lower motor neurons in the spinal cord.

A

Non-Specific UMN

32
Q

MOD TRUE or FALSE: Raphespinal Tract releases seratonin and modulates the activity of the spinal cord

A

TRUE

33
Q

MOD TRUE or FALSE: Ceruleospinal Tract releases seratonin and produces tonic
facilitation of spinal LMN

A

Seratonin; Norepinephrine

34
Q

Classification of pyramidal according to functionality?

A

CST, CB (CN)

35
Q

This is classified as “other tracts” according to functionality

A

Extrapyramidal
Tracts

36
Q

This is classified as “Anterior CST, Medial VST, Lateral VST, RtST, TST” according to synapses

A

Medial UMN

37
Q

This is classified as “Lateral CST, RbST
“ according to synapses

A

Lateral UMN

38
Q

MOD TRUE or FALSE: RhST, CrST is the classification of the Non-specific UMN according to synapses

A

TRUE

39
Q

A group of muscles innervated by a single spinal nerve

A

Myotomes

40
Q

Groups of cell bodies in the spinal cord
whose axons project to a single muscle.

A

Lower Motor Neuron Pools

41
Q

MOD TRUE or FALSE: Medially located pools innervate axial and proximal muscles

A

TRUE

42
Q

MOD TRUE or FALSE: Laterally located pools innervate extensors

A

extensors; distal muscles

43
Q

Where does the Lower Motor Neuron Pools innervate anteriorly?

A

extensors

44
Q

Where does the Lower Motor Neuron Pools innervate posteriorly?

A

flexors

45
Q

The inhibition of antagonist muscles during agonist contraction, is achieved by interneurons in the spinal cord that
link lower motor neurons into functional groups.

A

Reciprocal Inhibition

46
Q

Coordinated muscular action.

A

Muscle Synergy

47
Q

What term do clinicians often restrict using?

A

Pathologic synergies

48
Q

A complete proprioceptive model of the
body in time and space

A

Proprioceptive Body Schema

49
Q

MOD TRUE or FALSE: The withdrawal flex is present only following LMN lesions

A

withdrawal flex; tonic stretch reflex

50
Q

MOD TRUE or FALSE: The circuitry for the withdrawal reflex is located within the spinal cord

A

TRUE

51
Q

The purpose is to quantify the level of alpha motor neuron facilitation
or inhibition

A

H-Reflexes

52
Q

MOD TRUE or FALSE: Lower motor neurons are the only neurons that convey signals
to extrafusal and intrafusal skeletal muscle fibers

A

TRUE

53
Q

MOD TRUE or FALSE: An alpha motor neuron and the muscle fibers it innervates are called a muscle synergy

A

muscle synergy; motor unit

54
Q

Order of recruitment from
smaller to larger alpha motor neurons

A

Henneman’s Size Principle

55
Q

MOD TRUE or FALSE: Smaller-diameter, Slower Conducting Alpha Motor Neuron are classified as Innervate fast-twitch muscles and Mobility muscles

A

innervate slow-twitch muscle fibers; Innervate fast-twitch muscles

56
Q

Classified as postural and slowly contracting muscles

A

Smaller-diameter, Slower Conducting
Alpha Motor Neuron

57
Q

MOD TRUE or FALSE: The basal ganglia and the cerebellum adjust activity in the descending upper motor neurons (UMNs), despite lack of direct connections with lower motor neurons (LMNs).

A

TRUE

58
Q

Its anatomy is Caudate + Putamen + Globus Pallidus

A

Central Basal Ganglia

59
Q

Its anatomy is Putamen + Globus Pallidus

A

Lentiform Nucleus

60
Q

Its anatomy is Caudate + Putame

A

Striatum

61
Q

Located inferior to the thalamus and lateral to the hypothalamus

A

Subthalamic Nucleus

62
Q

provides essential dopamine to the
striatum.

A

Substantia nigra compacta

63
Q

MOD TRUE or FALSE: Substantia nigra reticularis and the globus pallidus internus are the output nuclei of the basal ganglia system

A

TRUE

64
Q

Produced in the cortical motor areas which produces
excitation of the striatum

A

Glutamate

65
Q

MOD TRUE or FALSE: Dopamine from the substantia nigra to the striatum adjusts signals to the
output nuclei, so the output nuclei provide the appropriate level of
inhibition to their target nuclei.

A

TRUE

66
Q

Regulates muscle contraction, muscle force, multijoint movements, and
sequencing of movements via the pathways.

A

Basal Ganglia Motor Circuitry

Flashcards ni Mang Inamo (10 decks)

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