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flashcards ni mang inamo > M2: Musculoskeletal System > Flashcards

M2: Musculoskeletal System Flashcards

1
Q

Origin of Sternocleidomastoid

A

Sternum and Clavicle

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2
Q

how many heads does triceps have

A

three<br></br>

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3
Q

○ connective tissue membrane covering the outer surface
of a bone
○ Outer - blood vessels and nerves | Inner - single layer of
bone cells (Osteoblasts & Osteocytes)

A

Periosteum

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4
Q

○ Dark band
○ Contains MYOSIN and ACTIN filaments

A

A BAND

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5
Q

small

A

minimus

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6
Q

muscle shortening

A

Concentric

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7
Q

Small, flattened surface

A

Facet

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8
Q

muscle cell plasma membrane

A

SARCOLEMMA

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9
Q

muscle cell membrane in the area of the junction

A

Motor End Plate / Postsynaptic Membrane

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10
Q

Tunnel

A

Meatus

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11
Q

Hyaline cartilage covering ends of bones

A

Articular Cartilage

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12
Q

amount of tension produced by the muscle is constant during
contraction, but the length of the muscle changes.

A

Isotonic

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13
Q

group of muscles working
together to produce a movement

A

Synergists

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14
Q

how many heads does triceps have

A

three

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15
Q

round

A

teres

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16
Q

thin filaments

A

ACTIN

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17
Q

barbs on a feather
from a common
tendon that runs the
length of the entire
muscle

A

Pennate

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18
Q

○ muscles that hold one bone in place
relative to the body while a usually more
distal bone is moved

A

Fixator

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19
Q

Hollow center of the bone

A

Medullary Cavity

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20
Q

○ consists of a group of enlarged axon terminals that
rests on a portion of the sarcolemma
○ Composed of:
■ axon terminals
■ area of the muscle fiber sarcolemma they
innervate

A

Neuromuscular Junction / Synapse

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21
Q

● Framework that helps maintain the body’s shape and
enables us to move normally.
● Composed of bones, cartilage, and ligaments.

A

SKELETAL SYSTEM

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22
Q

Insertion of Brachioradialis

A

radius

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23
Q

how many heads does biceps have

A

two

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24
Q

○ Found on the axon
○ Synaptic vesicles contain Acetylcholine

A

Presynaptic Terminal

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25
Q

arm

A

brachial

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26
Q

Insertion os Sternocleidomastoid

A

mastoid process of temporal bone

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27
Q

○ “Bone Building”
○ extensive endoplasmic reticulum and
numerous ribosomes
○ produce collagen and proteoglycans
○ produce bone matrix until they
become surrounded by bone matrix →
becomes OSTEOCYTES

A

OSTEOBLAST

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28
Q

Main portion

A

Body, Shaft

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29
Q

buttock

A

gluteus

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30
Q

quadrate or rectangular

A

quadratus

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31
Q

○ join end to end, forming the myofibrils
○ smallest portion of a muscle that can contract

A

SARCOMERE

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32
Q

moves a structure toward the midline

A

adductor

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33
Q

multiple per cell at the periphery

A

NUCLEUS

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34
Q

Mm cell cytoplasm

A

SARCOPLASMA

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35
Q

Knob or enlargement

A

Tubercle or Tuberosity

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36
Q

● relatively thin | flattened
shape
● well-suited to providing a
strong barrier around soft
organs
● Skull bones, the ribs, the
scapulae , and the sternum

A

Flat Bones

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37
Q

among a group of synergists, if
one muscle plays the major role in
accomplishing the movement.
The brachialis is the prime mover
in flexing the elbow.

A

Prime mover

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38
Q

formation of new bones |
occurs multiple times during life

A

Ossification

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39
Q

3 Seperate proteins that compose Actin Myofilaments

A

○ (1) actin
○ (2) tropomyosin
○ (3) troponin

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40
Q

○ Matured Osteoblasts
○ Account for 90–95% of bone
cells | life-span of 25 yrs.
○ produce the components
needed to maintain the bone
matrix.

A

OSTEOCYTES

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41
Q

short

A

brevis

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42
Q

● Cortical Bone | Solid outer
layer of bones
● more matrix and is
denser with fewer pores

A

COMPACT BONE

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43
Q

fibers run the length of
the entire muscle and
taper at each end to
terminate at tendons,
creating a wider belly
than the ends

A

Fusiform

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44
Q

○ contains actin and myosin filament
○ composed of about 1500 adjacent MYOSIN FILAMENTS and
3000 ACTIN FILAMENT

A

MYOFIBRIL

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45
Q

Center portion of the bone

A

Diaphysis

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46
Q

contains only myosin myofilaments (thick filaments)

A

H ZONE

47
Q

● approximately as wide as
they are long
● help transfer force between
long bones
● Found in the hand and foot
(scaphoid, lunate, talus and
calcaneum)

A

Short Bones

48
Q

○ “bone-destroying”
○ Causes bone
reabsorption

A

OSTEOCLASTS

49
Q

usually the distal end of
the muscle attached to the bone
undergoing the greatest
movement

A

Insertion

50
Q

fascicles that arrive at
one common tendon
from a wide area,
creating muscles that
are triangular in shape

A

Convergent

51
Q

■ delicate layer of connective tissue
■ separates the individual muscle fibers within each fascicle

A

Endomysium

52
Q

Enlarged (often reounded) end

A

Head

53
Q

Constricted area between head and body

A

Neck

54
Q

Depression

A

Fossa

55
Q

FUNCTIONS OF MUSCLE

A

● Movement of the body
● Maintenance of posture
● Respiration
● Communication
● Constriction of organs and vessels
● Contraction of the heart

56
Q

■ Z stands for ZWISCHENSCHEIBE (between)<br></br>■ stationary anchor for actin myofilaments

A

Z DISKS

57
Q

○ Center of the H zone
○ consists of delicate protein filaments that hold the myosin
myofilaments in place

A

M LINE

58
Q

long

A

longus

59
Q

● Porous | less bone matrix |
more space
● consists of
interconnecting rods or
plates of bone
(trabeculae)
● Contains : Red Marrow &
Yellow Marrow

A

SPONGY BONE

60
Q

● Attachment sites on Actin → Receptor sites for Myosin
Head

A

info lng baka kasi itanong ren

61
Q

Cavity

A

Sinus

62
Q

○ single cell layer of connective tissue
○ lines the internal surfaces of cavities w/in bones
○ Includes osteoblasts & osteoclasts

A

Endosteum

63
Q

Enlargement near or above a condyle

A

Epicondyle

64
Q

capacity of muscle to respond to a stimulus

A

Excitability

65
Q

thick filaments

A

MYOSIN

66
Q

part of the muscle between
the origin and the insertion

A

Belly

67
Q

same rate of movement

A

Isokinetic

68
Q

moves a structure away from the midline

A

abductor

69
Q

Smooth, rounded articular surface

A

Condyle

70
Q

● Length is greater than their
breadth
● shape enhances their function
in movement of appendages
● Found in the limbs (humerus,
femur, metacarpals, metatarsals
and phalanges)

A

Long Bones

71
Q

Cleft

A

Fissure

72
Q

Hole

A

Foramen

73
Q

When epiphyseal plate ossifies

A

Epiphyseal Line

74
Q

usually the most
stationary, proximal end of the
muscle

A

Origin

75
Q

fasciculi arranged in a
circle

A

Circular

76
Q

provide the mechanical aspect
of muscle contraction.

A

MYOFILAMENTS

77
Q

● shapes that do not fit readily
into the other three categories
● have specialized functions |
providing protection while
allowing bending and flexing

A

Irregular Bones

78
Q

muscle lengthening

A

Eccentric

79
Q

Prominent projection

A

Process

80
Q

moves a structure toward the midline

A

adductor

81
Q

3 REGIONS:

A

■ two lighter-staining regions (I BAND)
■ central darker-staining region (A BAND)

82
Q

muscle acting in opposition to
an agonist, such as triceps
brachii in elbow flexion

A

Antagonist

83
Q

Ends of long bones | Mostly spongy bone c outer
compact bone

A

Epiphysis

84
Q

muscle can be stretched beyond its normal resting
length and still be able to contract.

A

Extensibility

85
Q

Myosin Molecules are composed of:

A

○ Rod portion
○ Myosin head portions (2)

86
Q

Origin of Brachioradialis

A

Brachium

87
Q

ability of muscle to shorten forcefully, or contract

A

Contractility

88
Q

chest

A

pectoralis

89
Q

Three types of bone cells

A

■ Osteoblast
■ Osteocytes
■ Osteoclasts

90
Q

muscle that accomplishes a
certain movement, such as
biceps brachii in elbow flexion

A

Agonist

91
Q

connective tissue sheath | surrounds each skeletal muscle

A

Epimysium

92
Q

traingular

A

deltoid

93
Q

fasciculi are organized
parallel to the long
axis of the muscle, but
they terminate on a
flat tendon that spans
the width of the entire
muscle.

A

Parallel

94
Q

Functions of the Skeletal System

A
  1. Body Suppor2. Organ Protection3. Body Movemen4. Mineral Storage5. Blood Cell Production
95
Q

○ functional unit of compact bone | Central Canal → Bull’s eye
○ AKA: Haversian System

A

OSTEON

96
Q

straight, parallel

A

rectus

97
Q

■ Spaces within the matrix
■ Houses bodies of
osteocytes

A

LACUNAE

98
Q

Types of pennate

A

Unipennate |
Bipennate |
Multipennate

99
Q

Large tuberosity found only on proximal femur

A

Trochanter

100
Q

● parallel arrangement of myofilaments in a sarcomere causes muscle
contraction
● During mm contraction → actin and myosin myofilaments in the
sarcomere slide past one another and shorten the sarcomere
○ myofilaments remain the same length (even at rest)
○ myofibrils, muscle fibers, muscle fascicles, and muscles
shorten during contraction

A

SLIDING FILAMENT THEORY

101
Q

3 Subunits of Troponin

A

■ a subunit that anchors the troponin to the actin
■ subunit that prevents the tropomyosin from
uncovering the actin attachment sites in a relaxed
muscle
■ subunit that binds Ca 2+

102
Q

○ contain only actin myofilaments (thin filaments)
○ Light bands

A

I BAND

103
Q

What is Myosin Head

A

■ heads bind to active sites → form cross-bridges (mm contraction)
■ heads are attached to the rod portion by a hinge region that bends
and straightens during contraction
■ heads break down adenosine triphosphate (ATP), releasing energy

104
Q

Prominent edge

A

Crest

105
Q

ability of muscle to recoil to its original resting length
after it has been stretched.

A

Elasticity

106
Q

● sesame seed
● patella, pisiform

A

Sesamoid Bones

107
Q

■ Subdivides each muscle into FASCICLES
■ loose connective tissue | passageways for blood vessels
and nerves

A

Perimysium

108
Q

large

A

maximus

109
Q

Space between the presynaptic terminal and the muscle
fiber

A

Synaptic Cleft

110
Q

■ narrow, long spaces

■ Houses the extensions of
osteocytes

A

CANALICULI

111
Q

moves a structure away from the midline

A

abductor

112
Q

○ Growth plate | between the epiphysis and the diaphysis
○ Growth in bone length occurs here

A

Epiphyseal Plate

113
Q

○ long, fibrous protein that lies in the groove along the
fibrous actin strand<br></br>○ Relaxed mm → covers the attachment sites on actin
(uncovering these are required for mm contraction)

A

Tropomyosin

114
Q

length of the muscle does not change, but the amount of tension
increases during the contraction process.

A

Isometric

flashcards ni mang inamo (10 decks)

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