Leg, Ankle, Foot Flashcards by Fell into the rabbithole

Resists ankle DF, adduction
(tilt), medial rotation and
medial translation of the talus

Posterior talofibular ligament

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Joints of Midfoot:

● Talocalcaneonavicular
joint
● Cuneonavicular joint
● Cuboideonavicular
joint
● Intercuneiform joints

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○ Resists inversion of talus
○ MC injured (lateral ankle
sprain)

Anterior talofibular ligament

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part of
the lateral ligament—is most vulnerable and
most commonly torn during ankle sprains,
either partially or completely, resulting in
instability of the ankle joint.

anterior talofibular ligament

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Medial Longitudinal Arch Bones

● Talus (keystone)
● Navicular
● Calcaneus
● Cuneiforms
● 1st, 2nd, 3rd
Metatarsals

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Which reference said this about Fibula:
* Essentially considered as a non
weight bearing bone
* 10% weight-bearing

Brunnstrom

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How many Intermetatarsal joints are there?

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The foot assumes a
slight toe-out position

Fick Angle

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Bones of Midfoot:

● Navicular
● Cuboid
● Medial,
Intermediate
and Lateral
cuneiform

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Medial Longitudinal Arch Tendon

Tibialis posterior
tendon

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Transverse Arch Bone

● 3 cuneiform
● Intermediate/Middle
cuneiform (keystone)
● Cuboid
● 1st-5th Metatarsal (bases)

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Ligaments attached to Talocalcaneonavicular Joint:

○ Dorsal talonavicular
ligament
○ Bifurcated ligament
○ Plantarcalcaneonavicul
ar (spring) ligament

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Medial bone of the leg
“Shin bone”
Medial malleolus

Tibia

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● Between fibular notch at the
lower end of tibia and the lower
end of the fibula.
● Fibrous joint
● No capsule

Distal Tibiofibular Joint

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Transverse Arch Liagment

● Intrinsic muscles of the foot

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○ Resists maximum inversion at
the ankle and subtalar joints.
○ 2nd MC injured (lateral ankle
sprain)

Calcaneofibular ligament

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Lateral bone of the leg
Lateral malleolus

Fibula

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The first metatarsal is
equal in length to the
second metatarsal, with
the others progressively
diminishing in length, so
that 1 = 2 > 3 > 4 > 5.

Index plus-minus type or Squared type foot

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● Condyloid joints
● 2 DOF
● Flexion, extension,
abduction and adduction

Metatarsophalangeal Joints

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● Saddle shape joint
● Allows gliding with
conjunct rotation

Calcaneocuboid Joint

● Ball and socket joint
● Synovial joint
● 3 DOF: gliding and
rotation

Talocalcaneonavicular Joint

● “Ankle joint” = Ankle mortise
and talus
● Uniaxial
● Modified hinge joint
● Synovial joint
● 1 DOF
● Dorsiflexion and Plantarflexion

Talocrural Joint

Joints of Forefoot:

● Tarsometatarsal joints
● Intermetatarsal joints
● Metatarsophalangeal
joints
● Interphalangeal joints

Fick Angle of Children

5 degrees

Lateral Longitudinal Arch Tendon

Peroneus longus tendon

Ligaments attached to Calcaneocuboid Joint:

○ Bifurcated ligaments ○ Calcaneocuboid ligament ○ Long plantar ligaments

● Inflammation of the plantar fascia ● Often caused by an overuse mechanism ● It may result from running and high-impact aerobics, especially when inappropriate footwear is worn. ● It causes pain on the plantar surface of the foot and heel. ● The pain is often most severe after sitting and when beginning to walk in the morning.

Plantar Fasciitis

Which reference said this about Fibula: * It takes no part in the transmission of body weight

Snell

How many percent of weightbearing is Tibia

90% weight-bearing

Lateral Longitudinal Arch Bone

● Calcaneus ● Cuboid (keystone) ● 4th and 5th Metatarsals

Lateral Longitudinal Arch Ligament

Long plantar ligament

● Lateral translation of the talus ● Lateral rotation of the talus

Anterior tibiotalar ligament

Ligaments attached to Distal Tibiofibular Joint:

○ Interosseous ligament ○ Anterior tibiofibular ligament ○ Posterior tibiofibular ligament ○ Inferior transverse ligament

The first metatarsal (1) is longer than the second (2), with the others (3, 4, and 5) of progressively decreasing lengths, so that 1 > 2 > 3 > 4 > 5.

Index plus type or Egyptian type foot

● Taken together, these joints are referred to as ● “Lisfranc joint” ● Plane synovial joint

Tarsometatarsal Joint

Which reference said this about Fibula: Carries 17% of the axial load

Magee

The second metatarsal is longer than the first and third metatarsals. The fourth and fifth metatarsals are progressively shorter than the third, so that 1 < 2 > 3 > 4 > 5.

Index minus type or Greek Type foot

Superficial (resist talar abduction)

○ Tibionavicular ligament ○ Tibiocalcaneal ligament ○ Posterior tibiotalar ligament

How many Metatarsophalangeal Joints are there?

Synovial joint ● 3 DOF: gliding and rotation

Subtalar (Talocalcaneal) Joint

Joints of Hindfoot:

● Inferior (distal) tibiofibular joint ● Talocrural (ankle) joint ● Subtalar (talocalcaneal) joint

Ligaments attached to Talocrural Joint:

○ Deltoid (medial collateral) ligaments (4) ○ Lateral collateral ligaments (3)

● “Transverse tarsal joints” ● “Midtarsal joints” ● Refers collectively to the midtarsal joints between the: ○ Talus-calcaneus ○ Navicular-cuboid

Chopart Joint

Bones of Forefoot:

● Metatarsals ● Phalanges

Medial Longitudinal Arch Ligament

● Spring ligament (Plantar Calcaneonavicul ar ligament) ● Proximal attachment: Sustentaculum tali

Ligaments attached to Subtalar (Talocalcaneal) Joint:

○ Lateral talocalcaneal ligament ○ Medial talocalcaneal ligament ○ Interosseous talocalcaneal ligament ○ Cervical ligament

Bones of Hindfoot:

● Calcaneus ● Talus

Normal angle and axis of Fick angle

12° to 18° from the sagittal axis of the body