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Flashcards ni Mang Inamo > M4: Vertebral Column > Flashcards

M4: Vertebral Column Flashcards

1
Q

no body

A

Atlas

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2
Q

forms body of atlas

A

Axis

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3
Q

not bifid

A

Vertebral Prominens

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4
Q

pathway for cervical nerves

A

Transverse Foramen

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5
Q

Functions of vertebral column

A

supports head
important attachments for ligaments and muscles

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6
Q

Howmany vertebrae on
a newborn

A

Cervical - 7
Thoracic - 12
Lumbar - 5
Sacral - 5
Coccyx - 4

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7
Q

articular joint for ribs
direction of spinous process is inferior
spinous process overlap

A

Thoracic vertebrae

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8
Q

have articular facets or
transverse process

A

T1 - T10

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9
Q

square -shaped
transverse foramen
bifid Spinous process

A

Cervical Vertebrae

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10
Q

square -shaped
transverse foramen
bifid Spinous process

A

Cervical Vertebrae

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11
Q

Kidney - shaped
large body

A

Lumbar vertebrae

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12
Q

Kidney - shaped
large body

A

Lumbar vertebrae

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13
Q

fve rudimentary vertebrae fused together | form a wedge-shaped bone | Anteriorly

A

Sacrum

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14
Q

upper border | articulates c the 5th lumbar vertebrae

A

Base

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15
Q

upper border | articulates c the 5th lumbar vertebrae

A

Base

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16
Q

Narrow inferior border | Articulates c Coccyx

A

Apex

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17
Q

Narrow inferior border | Articulates c Coccyx

A

Apex

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18
Q

Sacrum articulates with two iliac bones (laterally)

A

Sacroiliac Joints

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19
Q

■ anterior and upper margin of the frst sacral vertebra bulges forward
■ Female - considerable obstetric importance | used when measuring the size
of the pelvis
■ posterior margin of the pelvic inlet

A

Sacral Promontory

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20
Q

○ Continuation of the vertebral column
○ contains the cauda equina & lower part of the
subarachnoid space ( up to the2nd sacral
vertebra)

A

Sacral Canal

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21
Q

○ laminae of the 4th or 5th sacral vertebra fail to
meet in the midline
○ Posterior inferior end of the sacral canal is
devoid of a bony cover → canal easily accessibl

A

Sacral hiatus

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22
Q

○ anterior and posterior surfaces of the sacrum
each have four foramina
○ passage of the anterior and posterior rami of
the upper four sacral nerves

A

Sacral Foramina

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23
Q

○ anterior and posterior surfaces of the sacrum
each have four foramina
○ passage of the anterior and posterior rami of
the upper four sacral nerves

A

Sacral Foramina

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24
Q

○ 5th lumbar vertebrae incorporated into the sacrum
○ usually incomplete and may be limited to one side

A

sacralization of L5

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25
Q

○ frst sacral vertebra is partially or completely separate from the sacrum
○ resemble a sixth lumbar vertebra
○ large extent of the posterior wall of the sa

A

Lumbarization of S1

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26
Q

● consists of four vertebrae fused together to
form a single, small triangular bone | articulates
at its base with the lower end of the sacrum
○ frst coccygeal vertebra is usually not
fused or is incompletely fused with the
second vertebra
→ free vertebra usually projects
downward and anteriorly from the
apex of the sacrum
○ coccyx may have only three or up to fve
vertebr

A

Coccyx

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27
Q

● consists of four vertebrae fused together to
form a single, small triangular bone | articulates
at its base with the lower end of the sacrum
○ frst coccygeal vertebra is usually not
fused or is incompletely fused with the
second vertebra
→ free vertebra usually projects
downward and anteriorly from the
apex of the sacrum
○ coccyx may have only three or up to fve
vertebr

A

Coccyx

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28
Q

thoracic and sacrococcygeal curves

A

Anterior Concavity ( kyphosis.)

29
Q

Cervical and lumbar curves

A

Posterior Concavity (Lordosis)

30
Q

○ appears at the junction of the L5 and S1 vertebrae
○ forming two anteriorly concave curves

A

Lumbosacral Angle

31
Q

Hyoid

A

C3

32
Q

Thyroid Cartilage

A

C4 - C5

33
Q

cricoid Cartilage

A

C6

34
Q

T2

A

Superior angle of scapula

35
Q

T3

A

Scapular Spine

36
Q

T7

A

Inferior angle of Scapula

37
Q

TIO

A

xiphoid process

38
Q

L4

A

Ilicc Crest

39
Q

L5

A

Tubercle of iliac crest

40
Q

S2

A

sacroiliac joint and PSIS

41
Q

25% of the vertebral height

A

Intervertebral Discs

42
Q

Contains collagen (elasticity) and protein
(lamellae, angled at 30°)

A

Annulus Fibrossus

43
Q

attached to outside part
of A.F

A

Sharpey’s Fibers

44
Q

● Contains collagen, water, and protein
(Proteoglycans, strong affnity with water)
● % of water (80-90%), through aging this
amount decreases

A

Nucleus Pulposus

45
Q

Joints

A

● Interbody
joints
● Zygapophy
seal joints

46
Q

Movements

A

● Flexion
● Extension
● Rotation
● Lateral Flexion

47
Q

○ Connects that anterior aspect of vertebral body of many
vertebrae
○ Taut: extension
○ Lax: fexion

A

ANTERIOR LONGITUDINAL LIGAMENT (ALL

48
Q

○ Connects the posterior aspect of the vertebral body of the many
vertebrae
○ Taut: fexion
○ Lax: extension

A

POSTERIOR LONGITUDINAL LIGAMENT (PLL)

49
Q

○ connects the tip of spinous process of many
vertebrae
○ (C7 to sacrum)
○ Taut: fexion
○ Lax: extension

A

Supraspinous ligament

50
Q

○ Connects the laminae of adjacent
vertebrae
○ Taut: Flexion
○ Lax: Extension

A

Ligamentum favum/fava

51
Q

○ connects the tip of spinous process of adjacent
vertebrae
○ (Occiput to C7)
○ BELOW NECK REGION→ becomes supraspinous
ligament
○ Taut: fexion
○ Lax: Extension

A

Ligamentum nuchae

52
Q

○ Connects the adjacent spinous processes
○ Taut: fexion
○ Lax: Extension

A

Interspinous ligament

53
Q

○ Connects the adjacent transverse processes
○ Taut: lateral fexion contralateral
○ Lax: lateral fexion ipsilateral

A

Intertransverse ligament

54
Q

controls the skull and atlas rotation over the axis

A

Alar ligaments

55
Q

holds the dens against the atlas

A

Transverse ligament

56
Q

vertical ligament over the transverse ligament, limits rotation of skull
and atlas.

A

Cruciform Ligament

57
Q

Functions similar to alar ligaments.

A

Accessory Atlanto-Axial ligament – (AAA ligaments

58
Q

fracture of C1

A

Jefferson’s fracture

59
Q

fracture of C2

A

Hangman’s fracture

60
Q

Superfcial Muscles of the Back

A

● Trapezius (Upper, middle, lower) , shawl
muscle
● Rhomboids –(Minor, Major)
● Levator Scapulae
● Latissimus Dorsi – broadest muscle
“crutch walking muscle”

61
Q

shawl muscle

A

Trapezius (Upper, middle, lower

62
Q

broadest muscle
“crutch walking muscle”

A

Latissimus Dorsi

63
Q

Intermediate Muscles of the Back

A

Serratus Posterior
○ Superior – forced inspiration
○ Inferior – forced expiration

64
Q

Muscles of the Anterior Trunk

A

● Pectoralis Major and minor
● Rectus abdominis
● Transversus abdominis
● Obliques
○ External oblique
○ Internal oblique
● Pyramidalis

65
Q

Characterized by an abnormal lateral
curvature that is accompanied by rotation
of the vertebrae

A

Scoliosis

66
Q

curvature towards the left.

A

Levoscoliosis

67
Q

curvature towards the
right.

A

Dextroscoliosis

68
Q

curvature towards the
right.

A

Dextroscoliosis

Flashcards ni Mang Inamo (16 decks)

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