Neuro Flashcards
Understanding speech
wernicke’s area
Motor control of speech
Broca’s area
Cognition, movement, and sensation
Cerebral cortex
Memory & learning
Hippocampus
Emotion, appetite, responds to pain and stressors
Amygdala
Fine control of movement
Basal ganglia
Primary neurohumoral organ
Hypothalamus
Acts as a relay station that directs info to various cortical structures
Thalamus
Archicerebellum
Maintains equilibrium
Paleocerebellum
Regulates muscle tone
Neocerebellum
Coordinates voluntary muscle movement
Which cranial nerve is most likely to be compressed by a pituitary tumor?
Optic
Where in the brain is the BBB NOT present?
CTZ
Hypothalamus
Pineal gland
Posterior pituitary
Choroid plexus
Where is CSF produced?
Choroid plexus (in all 4 ventricles)
B
CMRO2 = ____ mL/O2/100g brain tissue/min
3.0-3.8
CMRO2 decreases by __% for every __ degree C decrease in temp. EEG suppression occurs at ___ degrees
7
1
18-20
CMRO2 is decreased by:
Hypothermia
Halogenated anesthetics
Propofol
Etomidate
Barbiturates
CMRO2 is increased by:
Hyperthermia
Seizures
Ketamine
Nitrous oxide
Respiratory acidosis increases/decreases CBF
Increases
Respiratory alkalosis increases/decreases CBF
Decreases
Why does metabolic acidosis not affect CBF?
The H+ in the blood does not cross the BBB
What are the 5 determinants of CBF?
CMRO2
CPP
PaCO2
PaO2
Venous pressure
A fixed and dilated pupil suggests herniation of the?
Temporal uncus
Which cranial nerve is most likely affected by herniation?
CN 3 occulomotor
ICP measurement is indicated with what Glasgow coma score?
< or = 7
7 signs of increased ICP
Headache
N/V
Papilledema
Neuro deficit
Pupil dilation & non-reactivity to light
Altered LOC
Seizure
What is the Monroe Kellie doctrine
Pressure-volume equilibrium b/w brain, blood, & CSF within confines of the cranium. If one rises w.o a compensation by another, there is increased ICP
Why do we avoid glucose containing solutions in cerebral cases?
Int he setting of cerebral ischemia, excess glucose in the brain is converted to lactic acid, thereby worsening outcomes
_____ & _____ reduce CSF production
Acetazolamide & furosemide
How many hours after symptoms of a stroke do you have to give TPA?
4.5 hrs
_____ bleeding usually occurs in the subarachnoid space (b/w arachnoid and pia)
Arterial
_____ bleeding usually occurs in the subdural space (b/w dura and arachnoid)
Venous
Name the cranial nerves
I- Olfactor
II- Optic
III- Occulomotor
IV- Trochlear
V- Trigeminal
VI- Abducens
VII- Facial
VIII- Vestibulocochlear
IX- Glossopharyngeal
X- Vagus
XI- Accessory
XII- Hypoglossal
What is the mneumonic for identifying which nerves are sensory or motor?
“Some
Say
Marry
Money
But
My
Brother
Says (it’s)
Bad
Business (to)
Marry
Money”
Parasympathetic output is carried out by which CNs?
3, 7, 9, 10
What nerve is responsible for 75% of all parasympathetic output?
Vagus
Identify the landmarks and what they control
What is the treatment for hypo/hyperkalemic paralysis?
Acetazolamide
Hypokalemic periodic paralysis is a/w a ____ channelopathy
Ca
Hyperkalemic periodic paralysis is a/w a ___ channelopathy
Na
