CV

Question 1

What is the primary determinant of threshold potential?

Answer 1

Serum Ca+2

Question 2

What is the primary determinant of RMP?

Answer 2

Serum K+

Question 3

SVR =

Answer 3

(MAP - CVP)/CO x 80

Question 4

EF =

Answer 4

(EDV-ESV)/EDV

Question 5

Label the pressure-volume loop

Answer 5

Question 6

What intervention

Answer 6

Iv fluid administration

Question 7

What intervention

Answer 7

Lasix admin

Question 8

What intervention

Answer 8

B1 stimulation

Question 9

What is the cause?

Answer 9

Heart failure with reduced EF

Question 10

What intervention

Answer 10

Acute HTN, neo admin

Question 11

What intervention

Answer 11

Vasodilator (SNP)

Question 12

Which artery supplies left lateral wall of LV

Answer 12

Circumflex

Question 13

Which artery supplies the anterior wall of the LV, anterior two thirds of the septum, and a small portion of the anterior RV?

Answer 13

Left anterior descending

Question 14

What artery supplies the posterior wall of the LV, most of the RV, and the posterior thirds of the septum?

Answer 14

Right coronary

Question 15

The SA node receives its blood supply from?

Answer 15

RCA in 70% (circ the rest)

Question 16

The AV node receives its blood supply from?

Answer 16

RCA

Question 17

Normal myocardial oxygen consumption

Answer 17

8-10 mL/min/100g

Question 18

CPP=

Answer 18

Aortic DBP - LVEDP

Question 19

_____ is a byproduct of ATP metabolism and is a potent coronary vasodilator

Answer 19

Adenosine

Question 20

MAP =

Answer 20

(1/3SBP) + (2/3DBP)
Or
[(CO x SVR)/80] + CVP

Question 21

Causes of HFrEF

Answer 21

MI, valve insufficiency, and dilated cardiomyopathy (pump problem)

Question 22

Causes of HFpEF

Answer 22

Myocardial ischemia, valve stenosis, hypertrophic CM (filling problem)

Question 23

Anesthetic management for HF

Answer 23

Maintain higher afterload and slow HR

Question 24

What order do CCB impair contractility (highest to lowest)

Answer 24

Verapamil > nifedipine > diltiazem > nicardipine

Question 25

Best TEE view for diagnosing left ventricular ischemia

Answer 25

Midpapillary muscle level in short axis

Question 26

2nd best TEE view for diagnosing left ventricular ischemia

Answer 26

Apical segment in short axis

Question 27

What changes on the arterial waveform can be seen with aortic stenosis?

Answer 27

Pulses tardus (delayed slope) Pulses parvus (small amplitude) No dichroic notch

Question 28

Answer 28

Aortic Stenosis

Question 29

Answer 29

Aortic Regurgitation

Question 30

What changes on arterial waveform are seen with aortic regurgitation

Answer 30

bisferiens pulse (biphasic systolic peaks)

Question 31

Answer 31

Question 32

List 2 causes of acute aortic insufficiency

Answer 32

Endocarditis (most common) Aortic root dissection (aneurysm or trauma)

Question 33

List 4 causes of chronic aortic insufficiency

Answer 33

1. Valvular calcification 2. Marfan syndrome 3. Ehler-Danlos syndrome 4. Ankylosing spondylitis

Question 34

What is the minimal amount of time to wait for surgery after bare-metal stent?

Answer 34

30 days

Question 35

How long after drug-eluding stent before elective surgery?

Answer 35

6-12 months

Question 36

The IABP is positioned distal to which artery?

Answer 36

Left subclavian artery

Question 37

Classic triad of AAA rupture

Answer 37

Back pain Hypotension Pulsatile abdominal mass

Question 38

Answer 38

Question 39

common cause of sudden nocturnal death d/t v fib/tach more common in males from Southeast Asia

Answer 39

Brugada syndrome

Question 40

Causes defects in His-Purkinje system. Long pauses, wide QRS, & bradycardia

Answer 40

Lenegre's disease

Question 41

Answer 41

Crawford Aneurysm Type 1

Question 42

Answer 42

Crawford Aneurysm Type 2

Question 43

Answer 43

Crawford Aneurysm Type 3

Question 44

Answer 44

Crawford Aneurysm Type 4

Question 45

Which aortic dissection involves the ascending aorta?

Answer 45

Question 46

Answer 46