ANS

Question 1

What family of enzymes catalyzes the addition of a phosphate group to a molecule?

Answer 1

Kinases

Question 2

What are the 4 categories of receptor-based signal transducers?

Answer 2

GPCRs
Gated ion channels
Enzyme-linked receptors
Soluble nuclear receptors

Question 3

How many times does a GPCR span the plasma membrane?

Answer 3

7

Question 4

Where are nicotine ACh receptors NOT located?
A. Autonomic ganglia
B. Neuromuscular junction
C. Chromaffin cells in the adrenal medulla
D. Sinoatrial node

Answer 4

D. Sinoatrial node

Question 5

Nicotine ACh receptor as are _____ receptors

Answer 5

Ionotropic

Question 6

Muscarinic ACh receptors are ______ receptors

Answer 6

Metabotropic

Question 7

______ is the main excitatory NT in the brain

Answer 7

Glutamate

Question 8

_______ is the main inhibitory NT in the brain

Answer 8

GABA

Question 9

______ is the primary inhibitory NT in the spinal cord and lower brain stem

Answer 9

Glycine

Question 10

Which NT is a/w excitotoxicity?

Answer 10

Glutamate

Question 11

Which GABA receptor is matbotropic?

Answer 11

GABA-B

Question 12

Glutamate is converted to GABA by what type of enzymatic rxn?

Answer 12

Decarboxylation

Question 13

What is the rate limiting step in catecholamine biosynthesis?

Answer 13

Tyrosine hydroxylase

Question 14

Serotonin is synthesized from?

Answer 14

Tryptophan

Question 15

What is the end product of serotonin metabolism?

Answer 15

5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA)

Question 16

What enzymatic rxn is present in ALL biogenic amine NT biosynthesis?

Answer 16

Decarboxylation

Question 17

What are the steps in catecholamine biosynthesis?

Answer 17

Phenylalanine hydroxylation -> Tyrosine
-> Tyrosine hydroxylation -> L-DOPA -> Decarboxylation (removal of CO2) ->
Dopamine -> NorEpi -> Epi

Question 18

Hydroxylation adds an ___;
Decoarboxylation removes an___

Answer 18

OH; CO2

Question 19

What is the substrate for nitric oxide synthase?

Answer 19

L-arginine

Question 20

What are the 5 enzyme-linked receptors?

Answer 20

1. Receptor guanylyl cyclase
2. Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs)
3. Tyrosine kinase-associated receptors
4. Receptor serine/threonine kinases
5. Receptor tyrosine phosphatases

Question 21

Which muscarinic receptors are Gq? Gi?

Answer 21

Gq: M1,M3,M5
Gi: M2,M4

Question 22

Gq receptors

Answer 22

a1
M1 M3 M5
V1
H1

Question 23

Gi receptors

Answer 23

a2
M2 M4
D2

Question 24

Gs receptors

Answer 24

B1,2,3
D1
V2
H2

Question 25

Produces anti shivering Depresses LOC Inhibits insulin release Promotes platelet aggregation

Answer 25

Alpha 2

Question 26

Rapid administration of dexmedetomidine can stimulate ________ leading to vasoconstriction and HTN

Answer 26

Postsynaptic alpha 2 receptors in the arterial and venous circulation

Question 27

What is the rate limiting factor in ACh synthesis?

Answer 27

Availability of substrates choline & acetyl-CoA

Question 28

____ is an antagonist of Ca+2 at the presynaptic nerve terminal

Answer 28

Mg+2

Question 29

SNS or PNS has a post to preganglionic nerve ratio of 30:1?

Answer 29

SNS

Question 30

Cell bodies arise from S2-S4 Short postganglionic fibers Postganglionic fibers are cholinergic

Answer 30

PNS

Question 31

Origin of SNS

Answer 31

Thoracolumbar T1-L3

Question 32

SNS cell bodies arise from ________ of spinal cord and axons exit via _______

Answer 32

Intermediolateral horn; Ventral roots

Question 33

What is origin if PNS

Answer 33

Craniosacral CN 3, 7, 9, 10 S2-S4

Question 34

Precise control of each effector tissue/organ. Post to preganglionic ratio 1:1 to 3:1

Answer 34

PNS

Question 35

Myelinated B fibers enter the sympathetic chain through what path? What is it called?

Answer 35

C White rami

Question 36

All preganglionic B fibers release ____: they are (adrenergic/cholinergic)

Answer 36

ACh; cholinergic

Question 37

What 2 molecules are released by SNS stimulation of hepatocytes

Answer 37

Glucose & K

Question 38

How does bezold-jarisch reflex affect HR?

Answer 38

Bradycardia Decreases in presence of hypovolemia to allow itself adequate time to fill

Question 39

NMDA receptor has binding sites for?

Answer 39

Glutamate Glycine Magnesium Ketamine

Question 40

5-HIAA in the urine is consistent with what diagnosis?

Answer 40

Carcinoid tumors

Question 41

Raphe nuclei

Answer 41

Serotonin

Question 42

Substantia nigra

Answer 42

Dopamine

Question 43

Locus coeruleus

Answer 43

Noradrenergic (NorEpi)

Question 44

Nucleus tractors solitarius & rostral ventrolateral medulla

Answer 44

Adrenergic (Epi)