ANS Flashcards
What family of enzymes catalyzes the addition of a phosphate group to a molecule?
Kinases
What are the 4 categories of receptor-based signal transducers?
GPCRs
Gated ion channels
Enzyme-linked receptors
Soluble nuclear receptors
How many times does a GPCR span the plasma membrane?
7
Where are nicotine ACh receptors NOT located?
A. Autonomic ganglia
B. Neuromuscular junction
C. Chromaffin cells in the adrenal medulla
D. Sinoatrial node
D. Sinoatrial node
Nicotine ACh receptor as are _____ receptors
Ionotropic
Muscarinic ACh receptors are ______ receptors
Metabotropic
______ is the main excitatory NT in the brain
Glutamate
_______ is the main inhibitory NT in the brain
GABA
______ is the primary inhibitory NT in the spinal cord and lower brain stem
Glycine
Which NT is a/w excitotoxicity?
Glutamate
Which GABA receptor is matbotropic?
GABA-B
Glutamate is converted to GABA by what type of enzymatic rxn?
Decarboxylation
What is the rate limiting step in catecholamine biosynthesis?
Tyrosine hydroxylase
Serotonin is synthesized from?
Tryptophan
What is the end product of serotonin metabolism?
5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA)
What enzymatic rxn is present in ALL biogenic amine NT biosynthesis?
Decarboxylation
What are the steps in catecholamine biosynthesis?
Phenylalanine hydroxylation -> Tyrosine
-> Tyrosine hydroxylation -> L-DOPA -> Decarboxylation (removal of CO2) ->
Dopamine -> NorEpi -> Epi
Hydroxylation adds an ___;
Decoarboxylation removes an___
OH; CO2
What is the substrate for nitric oxide synthase?
L-arginine
What are the 5 enzyme-linked receptors?
- Receptor guanylyl cyclase
- Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs)
- Tyrosine kinase-associated receptors
- Receptor serine/threonine kinases
- Receptor tyrosine phosphatases
Which muscarinic receptors are Gq? Gi?
Gq: M1,M3,M5
Gi: M2,M4
Gq receptors
a1
M1 M3 M5
V1
H1
Gi receptors
a2
M2 M4
D2
Gs receptors
B1,2,3
D1
V2
H2
Produces anti shivering
Depresses LOC
Inhibits insulin release
Promotes platelet aggregation
Alpha 2
Rapid administration of dexmedetomidine can stimulate ________ leading to vasoconstriction and HTN
Postsynaptic alpha 2 receptors in the arterial and venous circulation
What is the rate limiting factor in ACh synthesis?
Availability of substrates choline & acetyl-CoA
____ is an antagonist of Ca+2 at the presynaptic nerve terminal
Mg+2
SNS or PNS has a post to preganglionic nerve ratio of 30:1?
SNS
Cell bodies arise from S2-S4
Short postganglionic fibers
Postganglionic fibers are cholinergic
PNS
Origin of SNS
Thoracolumbar
T1-L3
SNS cell bodies arise from ________ of spinal cord and axons exit via _______
Intermediolateral horn;
Ventral roots
What is origin if PNS
Craniosacral
CN 3, 7, 9, 10
S2-S4
Precise control of each effector tissue/organ. Post to preganglionic ratio 1:1 to 3:1
PNS
Myelinated B fibers enter the sympathetic chain through what path? What is it called?
C
White rami
All preganglionic B fibers release ____: they are (adrenergic/cholinergic)
ACh; cholinergic
What 2 molecules are released by SNS stimulation of hepatocytes
Glucose & K
How does bezold-jarisch reflex affect HR?
Bradycardia
Decreases in presence of hypovolemia to allow itself adequate time to fill
NMDA receptor has binding sites for?
Glutamate
Glycine
Magnesium
Ketamine
5-HIAA in the urine is consistent with what diagnosis?
Carcinoid tumors
Raphe nuclei
Serotonin
Substantia nigra
Dopamine
Locus coeruleus
Noradrenergic (NorEpi)
Nucleus tractors solitarius & rostral ventrolateral medulla
Adrenergic (Epi)
