nervous system/mental health Flashcards
1
Q
afferent
A
to bring; moving toward a center; nerve fibers conducting impulses to spinal cord and brain
2
Q
efferent
A
to bring away from; moving away from center; conducting nerve impulses away from brain or spinal cord
3
Q
-gram
A
recording
4
Q
electr/o-
A
electricity
5
Q
-encephal/o-
A
brain
6
Q
-gram
A
recording
7
Q
-graph
A
to write, record
8
Q
-graphy
A
process of recording
9
Q
electr/o-encephal/o-gram
A
record of electrical activity of brain
10
Q
electr/o-encephal/o-graph
A
device used to record electrical activity of the brain
11
Q
electr/o-encephal/o-graphy
A
process of recording the electrical activity of brain
12
Q
-ic
A
pertaining to
13
Q
electr/o-
A
electricity
14
Q
-neur/o-
A
nerve
15
Q
-diagnost-
A
decision
16
Q
electr/o-neur/o-diagnost-ic
A
pertaining to use of electricity in the diagnosis of neurologic disorder
17
Q
epilepsy
A
seizure; chronic brain disorder due to paroxysmal excessive neuronal discharges
18
Q
epilept-
A
seizure
19
Q
epilept-ic
A
pertaining to or suffering from epilepsy
20
Q
motor
A
to move; structures of nervous system that send impulses out to cause muscles to contract or glands to secrete
21
Q
nerve
A
nerve; cord of nerve fibers bound together by connective tissue
22
Q
-ous
A
pertaining to
23
Q
nerv-
A
nerve
24
Q
nerv-ous
A
whole, integrated nerve apparatus
25
neur/o-logy
medical specialty of disorders of nervous system
26
neur/o-logist
medical specialist in disorders of nervous system
27
neur/o-log-ic
pertaining to nervous system
28
-surg-
operate
29
-eon
one who does
30
neur/o-surg-oen
one who performs surgery on the nervous system
31
para-
beside
32
-sym-
together
33
-pathet-
suffering
34
para-sym-pathet-ic
division of the autonomic nervous system; has opp effects to the sympathetic division
35
-ory
having the function of
36
sens-
feel
37
sens-ory
pertaining to sensation; structures of nervous system that carry impulses to brain
38
somat-
body
39
somat-ic
division of the peripheral nervous system serving the skeletal muscles OR relating to body in general
40
sym-
together
41
-pathet-
suffering
42
sym-pathet-ic
division of autonomic nervous system operating at an unconscious level
43
viscer-
internal organs
44
viscer-al
pertaining to the internal organs
45
viscus
any single internal organ
46
auto-
self
47
-nom-
law
48
auto-nom-ic
self governing visceral motor division of peripheral nervous system
49
axon
axis; single process of nerve cell carrying nervous impulses away from the cell body
50
dendrite
looking like a tree; branched extension of nerve cell body that receives nervous stimuli
51
dopamine
precursor or norepinephrine; neurotransmitter in specific small areas of brain
52
gila
glue; connective tissue that holds a structure together
53
neur/o-
nerve
54
-glia
glue
55
neur/o-glia
connective tissue holding nervous tissue together
56
myel-
spinal cord
57
myel-in
material of sheath around axon of a nerve
58
neuron
nerve; technical term for a nerve cell; consists of cell body w its dendrites and axons
59
-er
agent
60
-trans-
across
61
-mitt-
send
62
neur/o-trans-mitt-er
chemical agent that relays messages from one nerve cell to the next
63
syn-
together
64
-apse
clasp
65
syn-apse
junction between two nerve cells, or a nerve fiber and its target cell, where electrical impulses are transmitted between the cells
66
cerebell-
little brain
67
-um
structure
68
cerebell-um
most posterior area of brain located between midbrain and cerebral hemispheres
69
-al
pertaining to
70
cerebr/o-
brain
71
-spin-
spinal cord
72
cerebr/o-spin-al
pertaining to brain and spinal cord
73
cerebr/o-spin-al fluid
fluid formed in ventricles of brain; surrounds brain and spinal cord
74
cerebr-
cerebrum
75
cerebr-um
brain; cerebral hemispheres
76
cerebr-al
pertaining to cerebral hemispheres of brain
77
corpus
body
78
callos-
thickening
79
corpus callos-um
bridge of nerve fibers connecting two cerebral hemispheres
80
front-
front of
81
front-al lobe
front area of cerebral hemisphere
82
gyrus
circle; rounded elevation on surface of cerebral hemispheres
83
hypo-
below
84
-thalam-
thalamus
85
hypo-thalam-us
endocrine gland in floor and wall of third ventricle of brain
86
hypo-thalam-ic
pertaining to hypothalamus
87
occipit-
back of head
88
occipit-al lobe
posterior area of cerebral hemisphere
89
pariet-
wall
90
pariet-al lobe
area of brain of cerebral hemisphere
91
sulcus
furrow, ditch; groove on surface of cerebral hemispheres that separates gyri
92
tempor-
time, temple
93
tempor-al lobe
posterior two thirds of cerebral hemisphere
94
thalamus
inner room; mass of gray matter under ventricle in each cerebral hemisphere
95
an-
without
96
-alges-
sensation of pain
97
an-alges-ia
state in which pain is reduced
98
-esthes-
feeling
99
an-esthes-ia
complete loss of sensation
100
-oid
resembling
101
arachn-
cobweb, spider
102
mater
mother
103
arachn-oid mater
weblike middle later of three meninges
104
dura
hard
105
dura mater
hard, fibrous outer layer of meninges
106
epi-
above
107
-dur-
dura
108
ep-dur-al
above the dura
109
epi-dur-al space
space beween the dura mater and wall of vertebral canal
110
meninges
membrane; three layered covering of brain and spinal cord
111
mening-itis
inflammation of meninges
112
pia
delicate
113
pia mater
delicate inner layer of meninges
114
sub-
under
115
sub-arachn-oid space
space between pia mater and arachnoid membrane
116
alzheimer disease
common form of dimentia
117
cognition
knowledge; process of acquiring knowledge through thinking, learning, memory
118
confus-
bewildered
119
confus-ion
mental state in which environmental stimuli are not processed appropriately
120
deliri-
disorientation, confusion
121
deliri-um
acute altered state of consciousness with agitation w disorietation
122
-ia
condition
123
de-
removal, without
124
-ment-
mind
125
de-ment-ia
chronic, progressive, irreversible loss of minds cognitive and intellectual function
126
em-
into
127
-pathy
emotion, disease
128
em-pathy
ability to place yourself into feelings, emotions and reactions of another person
129
sym-
together
130
sym-pathy
appreciation and concern for another persons mental and emotional state
131
-ive
pertaining to, quality of
132
sedat-
to calm
133
sedat-ive
agent that calms nervous excitement
134
sedat-ion
state of being calmed
135
-ile
pertaining to
136
sen-
old age
137
sen-ile
characteristic of old age
138
stroke
to strike; acute clinical event caused by impaired cerebral circulation
139
grand
big
140
mal
bad
141
grand mal
previous name for generalized tonic-clonic seizure
142
-lepsy
seizure
143
narc/o-
stupor
144
narc/o-lepsy
involuntary falling asleep
145
petit
small
146
petit mal
previous name for absence seizures
147
post-
after
148
-ict-
seizure
149
post-ict-al
transient neurologic deficit after a seizure
150
ict-al
pertaining to, or a condition caused by, stroke or epilepsy
151
tic
sudden, involuntary, repeated contraction of muscles
152
ton-
pressure, tension
153
ton-ic
state of muscular contraction
154
clon-
tumult
155
seiz-
to grab
156
-ure
process
157
ton-ic clon-ic seiz-ure
body alternates between excessive muscular rigidity (tonic) and jerking muscular contractions (clonic)
158
tourette syndrome
disorder of multiple motor and vocal tics
159
aneurysm
dilation; small, circumscribed dilation of an artery or cardiac chamber
160
arteri/o-
artery
161
-graphy
recording
162
arteri/o-graphy
x-ray visualization of an artety injection of contrast material
163
autis-
autism
164
autism
self; disorder w severly abnormal social and communication skills
165
autis-tic
pertaining to autism
166
-ine
pertaining to
167
bov-
cattle
168
-form
appearance of
169
spong/i-
sponge
170
-pathy
disease
171
encephal/o-
head
172
bov-ine spong/i-form encephal/o-pathy
disease of cattle (mad cow disease) that can be transmitted to humans, causing creutzfieldt-jakob disease
173
encephal-
brain
174
encephal-itis
inflammation of brain cells and tissues
175
mi-
derived from hemi, half
176
-graine
head pain
177
mi-grain
paroxysmal severe headache confined to one side of head
178
parkinson disease
disease of muscular rigidity, tremors, and a masklike facial expression
179
prion
protein; small, infectious protein particle
180
syncope
cutting short; temporary loss of consciousness and postural tone due to diminished cerebral blood flow
181
tremor
to shake; small, shaking, involuntary, repetitive movements of hands, extremities, neck or jaw
182
acoustic
hearing; pertaining to hearing
183
an-alges-ia
state in which pain is reduced
184
an-alges-ic
substance that produces analgesia
185
bell palsy
paresis, or paralysis, of one side of face
186
concuss-
shake or jar violently
187
concuss-ion
mid brain injury
188
contrecoupe
counterblow; injury to brain at a point directly opp the point of contact
189
contus-
bruise
190
contus-ion
hemorrhage into tissue (bruising), including the brain
191
coup
a blow; injury to brain directly under skull at the point of contract
192
-algia
pain
193
fibr/o-
fiber
194
-my-
muscle
195
fibr/o-my-algia
pain in muscle fibers
196
mening/o-
meninges
197
-cocc-
round bacterium
198
mening/o-cocc-al
pertaining to meningococcus bacterium
199
neur-oma
any tumor arising from cells in nervous system
200
sub-dur-al space
space between arachnoid and dura mater layers of meninges
201
trauma
wound; physical or mental injury
202
trauma-tic
pertaining to or caused by trauma
203
tri-
three
204
-gemin-
double
205
tri-gemin-al
fifth cranial nerve w three branches supplying face
206
neur-algia
trigeminal neuralgia; painful facial muscles supplied by trigeminal nerve
207
tic doutloureux
synonym for trigeminal neuralgia
208
de-myelin-ation
process of losing the myelin sheath of nerve fiber
209
exacerbat-
increase, aggravate
210
exacerbat-ion
period when there is an increase in severity of disease
211
inter-mitt-ent
alternately ceasing and beginning again
212
modify
to limit; change form or qualities of something; pathology of MS
213
para-esthes-ia
abnormal sensation (tingling, burning, pricking)
214
re-miss-ion
period when there is a lessening or absence of symptoms of disease
215
scler/o-sis
thickening and hardening of tissue; in nervous system harding of nervous tissue by fibrous and glial connective tissue
216
a-my/o-troph-ic
pertaining to muscular atrophy
217
com-
together
218
-press-
squeeze
219
com-press-ion
squeeze together to increase density and/or decrease a dimension of a structure
220
-ation
process
221
herni-
rupture
222
-ate
composed of
223
herni-ation
protrusion of anatomical structure from its normal location
224
herni-ate
protrusion of structure through tissue that normally contains it
225
myel-
spinal cord
226
myel-itis
inflammation of spinal cord
227
neur/o-
nerve
228
-pathy
disease
229
neur/o-pathy
any disorder of nervous system
230
mono-
one
231
poly-
many
232
mono-neuro-pathy
disorder affecting single nerve
233
poly-neuro-pathy
disorder affecting many nerves
234
para-
beside, abnormal
235
-lyze
destroy
236
-lysis
destruction
237
-ic
pertaining to
238
-lyt-
destroy
239
para-lyze
to make incapable of movement
240
para-lysis
loss of voluntary movement
241
para-lyt-ic
suffering from paralysis
242
-paresis
weakness
243
hemi-
half
244
paresis
partial paralysis (weakness)
245
hemi-paresis
weakness of one side of body
246
polio-
gray matter
247
-myel-
spinal cord
248
polio-myel-itis
inflammation of gray matter of spinal cord, leading to paralysis of limbs and muscles of respiration
249
post-
after
250
syn-
together
251
-drome
running
252
post-polio syn-drome
progressive muscle weakness in a person previously affected by polio
253
-ia
condition
254
syring/o-
tube, pipe
255
-myel-
spinal cord
256
syring/o-myel-ia
abnormal longitudinal cavities in spinal cord that cause paresthesias and muscle weakness
257
trauma
wound; physical or mental injury
258
trauma-tic
pertaining to or caused by trauma
259
-aly
condition
260
an-
without
261
-enceph-
brain
262
an-enceph-aly
born without cerebral hemispheres
263
micro-
small
264
-ceph-
head
265
micro-ceph-aly
abnormally small head
266
-tax-
coordination
267
a-
without
268
a-tax-ia
inability to coordinate muscle activity, leading to jerky movements
269
a-tax-ic
pertaining to or suffering from ataxia
270
-osis
condition
271
athet-
without position, uncontrolled
272
-oid
resembling
273
athet-osis
slow, writhing involuntary movements
274
athet-oid
resembling or suffering from athetosis
275
-ia
condition
276
hemi-
half
277
-pleg-
paralysis
278
hemi-pleg-ia
paralysis of one side of body
279
hemi-pleg-ic
pertaining to or suffering from hemiplegia
280
-paresis
weakness
281
hemi-paresis
weakness of one side of body
282
-cele
hernia
283
mening/o-
meninges
284
-myel/o-
spinal cord
285
mening/o-cele
protrusion of meninges from spinal cord or brain through a defect in vertebral column or cranium
286
mening/o-myel/o-cele
protrusion of spinal cord and meninges through a defect in vertebral arch of one or more vertebrae
287
-ia
condition
288
mono-
one
289
mono-pleg-ia
paralysis of one limb
290
mono-pleg-ic
pertaining to or suffering from monoplegia
291
palsy
paralysis; paralysis or paresis from brain damage
292
para-
abnormal
293
para-pleg-ia
paralysis of both lower extremities
294
para-pleg-ic
pertaining to or suffering from paraplegia
295
quadri-
four
296
quadri-pleg-ia
paralysis of all four limbs
297
quad-pleg-ic
pertaining to or suffering from quadriplegia
298
spin/a
spine
299
-fida
split
300
spin/a bi-fida
failure of one or more vertebral arches to close during fetal development
301
cyst-
cyst
302
occult/a
hidden
303
spin/a bi-fida cyst-ica
meninges and spinal cord protruding through the absent vertebral arch and having the appearance of a cyst
304
spin/a bi-fida occult/a
deformity of vertebral arch is not apparent from surface
305
-gen
create, produce
306
terat/o-
monster, malformed fetus
307
terat/o-gen
agent that produces fetal deformities
308
angi/o-
blood vessel
309
angi/o-graphy
process of recording the image of blood vessels after injection of contrast material
310
arteri/o-
artery
311
arteri/o-graphy
x-ray visualization of an artery after injection of contrast material
312
Doppler
diagnostic instrument that sends an ultrasonic beam into body
313
ultra-
beyon
314
-son/o-
sound
315
Doppler ultra-son/o-graphy
imaging that detects direction, velocity, and turbulence of blood flow; used in workup of stroke patients
316
color Doppler ultra-son/o-graphy
computer-generated color image to show directions of blood flow
317
ech/o-
sound wave
318
-encephal/o-
brain
319
ech/o-encephal/o-graphy
use of ultrasound in diagnosis of intracranial lesions
320
electr/o-encephal/o-gram
record of electrical activity of the brain
321
electr/o-encephal/o-graph
device used to record the electrical activity of the brain
322
electr/o-encephal/o-graphy
process of recording the electrical activity of the brain
323
electr/o-my/o-gram
record of electrical activity of a muscle
324
electr/o-my/o-graphy
recording of electrical activity in muscle
325
myel/o-graphy
radiography of spinal cord and nerve roots after injection of contrast medium into subarachnoid space
326
nerve con-duct-ion study
procedure to measure the speed at which an electrical impulse travels along a nerve
327
botox
toxin; neurotoxin injected into muscles to prevent the muscles from contracting
328
brachy-
short
329
brachy-therapy
radiation therapy in which the source of irradiation is implanted in tissue to be treated
330
cranium
skull; bony container of the brain, excluding the face
331
-plasty
surgical repair
332
crani/o-
skull
333
crani/o-plasty
repair of a bone defect in the skull
334
crani/o-tomy
surgical removal of part of a skull bone to expose brain for surgery
335
endo-vascul-ar
relating to inside of blood vessel
336
ad-
to
337
-dict
consent, surrender
338
ad-dict
person with psychologic or physical dependence on substance or practice
339
ad-dict-ion
habitual psychologic and physiologic dependence on a substance or practice
340
ad-dict-ive
pertaining to or causing addiction
341
an-
without, lack of
342
-esthet
sensation, perception
343
an-esthet-ic
agent that causes absence of feeling sensation
344
ant-agon-ism
situation of opposing
345
ant-agon-ist
an opposing structure, agent, disease or process
346
anti-de-press-ant
agent to suppress the symptoms of depression
347
anti-epilep-tic
pharmacologic agent capable of preventing or arresting epilepsy
348
psych/e-
mind, soul
349
-del-
visible
350
psych/e-del-ic
agent that intensifies sensory perception
351
psych/o-act-ive
able to alter mood, behavior or cognition
352
sedat-ive
agent that calms nervous excitement
353
sedat-ion
state of being calmed
354
stimul-
excite, stregthen
355
-ant
forming
356
stimul-ant
agent that excited or strengthens functional activity
357
stimul-ation
arousal to increased functional activity
358
-ance
state of, condition
359
toler-
endurance
360
toler-ance
capacity to become accustomed to a stimulus or drug
361
-izer
affects in a particular way
362
tranquil-izer
agent that calms without sedating or depressing
363
affect
state of mind; external display of feelings, emotions and thoughts
364
-end
end result
365
con-
with
366
-gru-
to move
367
con-gru-ent
coinciding or agreeing with
368
delus-
deceive
369
delus-ion
fixed, unyielding false belief despite strong evidence to contrary
370
hallucin-
imagination
371
hallucin-ation
perception of an object or event when there is no such thing present
372
hom/i-
man
373
-cide
to kill
374
-cidal
pertaining to
375
hom/i-cide
killing of one human by another
376
hom/i-cidal
having the tendency to commit homicide
377
mute
silent; unable or unwilling to speak
378
para-noia
presence of persecutory delusions
379
-noia
to think
380
para-noid
having persecutory delusions
381
psych-iatry
diagnosis and treatment of mental disorders
382
psych-iatrist
licensed medical specialist in psychiatry
383
psych/o-logy
science concerned with behavior of human mind
384
psych/o-logist
licensed specialist in psychology
385
psych-osis
disorder with loss of contact with reality
386
psych/o-tic
affected by psychosis
387
schiz/o-
to split
388
-phren-
mind
389
schiz/o-phren-ia
disorder of perception and behavior with loss of reality
390
schiz/o-phren-ic
suffering from schizophrenia
391
su/i-
self
392
-cid/e
kill
393
su/i-cid/e
act of killing oneself
394
su/i-cid-al
wanting to kill oneself
395
acr/o-
peak, highest point
396
acr/o-phobia
pathologic fear of heights
397
agor/a-
marketplace
398
agor/a-phobia
pathologic fear of being trapped in public place
399
anxiety
distress caused by fear
400
bi/o-feed-back
training techniques to achieve voluntary control of response to stimuli
401
bi-pol-ar disorder
mood disorder with alternating episodes of depression and mania
402
claustr/o-
confined space
403
claustr/o-phobia
pathologic fear of being trapped in confined space
404
cognit-ive
pertaining to mental activities of thinking and learning
405
cognit-ive behav-ior-al therapy CBT)
psychotherapy that emphasizes thoughts and attitudes in ones behavior
406
cognit-ive pro-cess-ing therapy (CPT)
psychotherapy to build skills to deal with effects of trauma in other areas of life
407
compuls-
drive, compel
408
compuls-ion
uncontrollable impulses to perform an act repetitively
409
compuls-ive
processing uncontrollable impulses to perform an act repetitively
410
depress-ion
mental disorder w feelings of deep sadness and dispair
411
electr/o-con-vuls-ive therapy
passage of electric current through the brain to produce convulsions and treat persistent depression, mania, and other disorders
412
hypo-chondr-iac
person who exaggerates the significance of symptoms
413
hypo-chondr-iasis
belief that a minor symptom indicates a severe disease
414
in-somn-ia
inability to sleep
415
mania
frenzy; mood disorder with hyperactivity, irritability, rapid speech
416
man-ic
pertaining to or characterized by mania
417
man-ic depress-ive disorder
outdated name for bipolar disorder
418
obsess-
besieged by thoughts
419
obsess-ion
persistent, recurrent, uncontrollable thoughts or impulses
420
obsess-ive
possessing persistent, recurrent, uncontrollable thoughts or impulses
421
phobia
fear; pathologic fear or dread
422
post-traumat-ic
occurring after and caused by traume
423
psych/o-soma-tic
pertaining to disorders of body usually resulting from disturbances of the mind
424
uni-
one
425
-pol-
pole
426
uni-pol-ar
depression
427
ad-dict
person w psychologic or physical dependence on substance or practice
428
ad-dict-ion
habitual psychologic and physiologic dependence on substance or practice
429
-soci-
partner, ally, community
430
anti-soci-al person-al-ity disorder
disorder of people who lie, cheat, steal, and have no guilt about their behavior
431
dis-soci-ative identity disorder
mental disorder in which part of an indiv's personality is separated from the rest, leading to multiple personalities
432
-mania
frenzy
433
klept/o-
to steal
434
klept/o-mania
uncontrollable need to steal
435
narciss-
self love
436
narciss-ism
self love; person interprets everything purely in relation to himself or herself
437
narciss-istic
relating everything to oneself
438
path/o-
disease
439
path/o-log-ic gambling
morbid, constant, uncontrollable, destructive gambling
440
psych/o-path
person w antisocial personality disorder
441
pyr/o-
fire
442
-mania
frenzy
443
pyr/o-mania
morbid impulse to set fires
444
schiz-oid
withdrawn, socially isolated
445
-mutil-
to maim
446
self-mutil-ation
injury or disfigurement made to ones own body
447
soci/o-
partner, ally, community
448
soci/o-path
person w antisocial personality disorder
449
anti-epilept-ic
agent to suppress seizures
450
-lytic
soluble
451
anxi/o-lytic
agent that reduces the symptoms of anxiety
452
dependence
to hang from; state of needing someone or something
453
depress-ant
substance that diminishes activity, sensation, or tone
454
anti-depress-ant
agent to suppress the symptoms of depression
455
end-
within
456
-orphin
morphine
457
end-orphin
natural substance in brain that has same effect as opium
458
eu-
normal
459
-phor-
bear, carry
460
eu-phor-ia
exaggerated feeling of wellbeing
461
narc/o-
sleep, stupor
462
narc/o-tic
drug derived from opium or a synthetic drug w similar effects
463
psyche-
mind, soul
464
-del-
manifest, visible
465
psyche-del-ic
agent that intensifies sensory perception
466
psych/o-act-ive
able to alter mood, behavior, and cognition
467
stimul-
excite
468
stimul-ant
agent that excites or strengthens functional activity
469
toler
endure
470
toler-ance
capacity to become accustomed to a stimulus or drug
471
tranquil-izer
agent that calms w out sedating or depressing
