nervous system/mental health Flashcards
afferent
to bring; moving toward a center; nerve fibers conducting impulses to spinal cord and brain
efferent
to bring away from; moving away from center; conducting nerve impulses away from brain or spinal cord
-gram
recording
electr/o-
electricity
-encephal/o-
brain
-gram
recording
-graph
to write, record
-graphy
process of recording
electr/o-encephal/o-gram
record of electrical activity of brain
electr/o-encephal/o-graph
device used to record electrical activity of the brain
electr/o-encephal/o-graphy
process of recording the electrical activity of brain
-ic
pertaining to
electr/o-
electricity
-neur/o-
nerve
-diagnost-
decision
electr/o-neur/o-diagnost-ic
pertaining to use of electricity in the diagnosis of neurologic disorder
epilepsy
seizure; chronic brain disorder due to paroxysmal excessive neuronal discharges
epilept-
seizure
epilept-ic
pertaining to or suffering from epilepsy
motor
to move; structures of nervous system that send impulses out to cause muscles to contract or glands to secrete
nerve
nerve; cord of nerve fibers bound together by connective tissue
-ous
pertaining to
nerv-
nerve
nerv-ous
whole, integrated nerve apparatus
neur/o-logy
medical specialty of disorders of nervous system
neur/o-logist
medical specialist in disorders of nervous system
neur/o-log-ic
pertaining to nervous system
-surg-
operate
-eon
one who does
neur/o-surg-oen
one who performs surgery on the nervous system
para-
beside
-sym-
together
-pathet-
suffering
para-sym-pathet-ic
division of the autonomic nervous system; has opp effects to the sympathetic division
-ory
having the function of
sens-
feel
sens-ory
pertaining to sensation; structures of nervous system that carry impulses to brain
somat-
body
somat-ic
division of the peripheral nervous system serving the skeletal muscles OR relating to body in general
sym-
together
-pathet-
suffering
sym-pathet-ic
division of autonomic nervous system operating at an unconscious level
viscer-
internal organs
viscer-al
pertaining to the internal organs
viscus
any single internal organ
auto-
self
-nom-
law
auto-nom-ic
self governing visceral motor division of peripheral nervous system
axon
axis; single process of nerve cell carrying nervous impulses away from the cell body
dendrite
looking like a tree; branched extension of nerve cell body that receives nervous stimuli
dopamine
precursor or norepinephrine; neurotransmitter in specific small areas of brain
gila
glue; connective tissue that holds a structure together
neur/o-
nerve
-glia
glue
neur/o-glia
connective tissue holding nervous tissue together
myel-
spinal cord
myel-in
material of sheath around axon of a nerve
neuron
nerve; technical term for a nerve cell; consists of cell body w its dendrites and axons
-er
agent
-trans-
across
-mitt-
send
neur/o-trans-mitt-er
chemical agent that relays messages from one nerve cell to the next
syn-
together
-apse
clasp
syn-apse
junction between two nerve cells, or a nerve fiber and its target cell, where electrical impulses are transmitted between the cells
cerebell-
little brain
-um
structure
cerebell-um
most posterior area of brain located between midbrain and cerebral hemispheres
-al
pertaining to
cerebr/o-
brain
-spin-
spinal cord
cerebr/o-spin-al
pertaining to brain and spinal cord
cerebr/o-spin-al fluid
fluid formed in ventricles of brain; surrounds brain and spinal cord
cerebr-
cerebrum
cerebr-um
brain; cerebral hemispheres
cerebr-al
pertaining to cerebral hemispheres of brain
corpus
body
callos-
thickening
corpus callos-um
bridge of nerve fibers connecting two cerebral hemispheres
front-
front of
front-al lobe
front area of cerebral hemisphere
gyrus
circle; rounded elevation on surface of cerebral hemispheres
hypo-
below
-thalam-
thalamus
hypo-thalam-us
endocrine gland in floor and wall of third ventricle of brain
hypo-thalam-ic
pertaining to hypothalamus
occipit-
back of head
occipit-al lobe
posterior area of cerebral hemisphere
pariet-
wall
pariet-al lobe
area of brain of cerebral hemisphere
sulcus
furrow, ditch; groove on surface of cerebral hemispheres that separates gyri
tempor-
time, temple
tempor-al lobe
posterior two thirds of cerebral hemisphere
thalamus
inner room; mass of gray matter under ventricle in each cerebral hemisphere
an-
without
-alges-
sensation of pain
an-alges-ia
state in which pain is reduced
-esthes-
feeling
an-esthes-ia
complete loss of sensation
-oid
resembling
arachn-
cobweb, spider
mater
mother
arachn-oid mater
weblike middle later of three meninges
dura
hard
dura mater
hard, fibrous outer layer of meninges
epi-
above
-dur-
dura
ep-dur-al
above the dura
epi-dur-al space
space beween the dura mater and wall of vertebral canal
meninges
membrane; three layered covering of brain and spinal cord
mening-itis
inflammation of meninges
pia
delicate
pia mater
delicate inner layer of meninges
sub-
under
sub-arachn-oid space
space between pia mater and arachnoid membrane
alzheimer disease
common form of dimentia
cognition
knowledge; process of acquiring knowledge through thinking, learning, memory
confus-
bewildered
confus-ion
mental state in which environmental stimuli are not processed appropriately
deliri-
disorientation, confusion
deliri-um
acute altered state of consciousness with agitation w disorietation
-ia
condition
de-
removal, without
-ment-
mind
de-ment-ia
chronic, progressive, irreversible loss of minds cognitive and intellectual function
em-
into
-pathy
emotion, disease
em-pathy
ability to place yourself into feelings, emotions and reactions of another person
sym-
together
sym-pathy
appreciation and concern for another persons mental and emotional state
-ive
pertaining to, quality of
sedat-
to calm
sedat-ive
agent that calms nervous excitement
sedat-ion
state of being calmed
-ile
pertaining to
sen-
old age
sen-ile
characteristic of old age
stroke
to strike; acute clinical event caused by impaired cerebral circulation
grand
big
mal
bad
grand mal
previous name for generalized tonic-clonic seizure
-lepsy
seizure
narc/o-
stupor
narc/o-lepsy
involuntary falling asleep
petit
small
petit mal
previous name for absence seizures
post-
after
-ict-
seizure
post-ict-al
transient neurologic deficit after a seizure
ict-al
pertaining to, or a condition caused by, stroke or epilepsy
tic
sudden, involuntary, repeated contraction of muscles
ton-
pressure, tension
ton-ic
state of muscular contraction
clon-
tumult
seiz-
to grab
-ure
process
ton-ic clon-ic seiz-ure
body alternates between excessive muscular rigidity (tonic) and jerking muscular contractions (clonic)
tourette syndrome
disorder of multiple motor and vocal tics
aneurysm
dilation; small, circumscribed dilation of an artery or cardiac chamber
arteri/o-
artery
-graphy
recording
arteri/o-graphy
x-ray visualization of an artety injection of contrast material
autis-
autism
autism
self; disorder w severly abnormal social and communication skills
autis-tic
pertaining to autism
-ine
pertaining to
bov-
cattle
-form
appearance of
spong/i-
sponge
-pathy
disease
encephal/o-
head
bov-ine spong/i-form encephal/o-pathy
disease of cattle (mad cow disease) that can be transmitted to humans, causing creutzfieldt-jakob disease
encephal-
brain
encephal-itis
inflammation of brain cells and tissues
mi-
derived from hemi, half
-graine
head pain
mi-grain
paroxysmal severe headache confined to one side of head
parkinson disease
disease of muscular rigidity, tremors, and a masklike facial expression
prion
protein; small, infectious protein particle
syncope
cutting short; temporary loss of consciousness and postural tone due to diminished cerebral blood flow
tremor
to shake; small, shaking, involuntary, repetitive movements of hands, extremities, neck or jaw
acoustic
hearing; pertaining to hearing
an-alges-ia
state in which pain is reduced
an-alges-ic
substance that produces analgesia
bell palsy
paresis, or paralysis, of one side of face
concuss-
shake or jar violently
concuss-ion
mid brain injury
contrecoupe
counterblow; injury to brain at a point directly opp the point of contact
contus-
bruise
contus-ion
hemorrhage into tissue (bruising), including the brain
coup
a blow; injury to brain directly under skull at the point of contract
-algia
pain
fibr/o-
fiber
-my-
muscle
fibr/o-my-algia
pain in muscle fibers
mening/o-
meninges
-cocc-
round bacterium
mening/o-cocc-al
pertaining to meningococcus bacterium
neur-oma
any tumor arising from cells in nervous system
sub-dur-al space
space between arachnoid and dura mater layers of meninges
trauma
wound; physical or mental injury
trauma-tic
pertaining to or caused by trauma
tri-
three
-gemin-
double
tri-gemin-al
fifth cranial nerve w three branches supplying face
neur-algia
trigeminal neuralgia; painful facial muscles supplied by trigeminal nerve
tic doutloureux
synonym for trigeminal neuralgia
de-myelin-ation
process of losing the myelin sheath of nerve fiber
exacerbat-
increase, aggravate
exacerbat-ion
period when there is an increase in severity of disease
inter-mitt-ent
alternately ceasing and beginning again
modify
to limit; change form or qualities of something; pathology of MS
para-esthes-ia
abnormal sensation (tingling, burning, pricking)
re-miss-ion
period when there is a lessening or absence of symptoms of disease
scler/o-sis
thickening and hardening of tissue; in nervous system harding of nervous tissue by fibrous and glial connective tissue
a-my/o-troph-ic
pertaining to muscular atrophy
com-
together
-press-
squeeze
com-press-ion
squeeze together to increase density and/or decrease a dimension of a structure
-ation
process
herni-
rupture
-ate
composed of
herni-ation
protrusion of anatomical structure from its normal location
herni-ate
protrusion of structure through tissue that normally contains it
myel-
spinal cord
myel-itis
inflammation of spinal cord
neur/o-
nerve
-pathy
disease
neur/o-pathy
any disorder of nervous system
mono-
one
poly-
many
mono-neuro-pathy
disorder affecting single nerve
poly-neuro-pathy
disorder affecting many nerves
para-
beside, abnormal
-lyze
destroy
-lysis
destruction
-ic
pertaining to
-lyt-
destroy
para-lyze
to make incapable of movement
para-lysis
loss of voluntary movement
para-lyt-ic
suffering from paralysis
-paresis
weakness
hemi-
half
paresis
partial paralysis (weakness)
hemi-paresis
weakness of one side of body
polio-
gray matter
-myel-
spinal cord
polio-myel-itis
inflammation of gray matter of spinal cord, leading to paralysis of limbs and muscles of respiration
post-
after
syn-
together
-drome
running
post-polio syn-drome
progressive muscle weakness in a person previously affected by polio
-ia
condition
syring/o-
tube, pipe
-myel-
spinal cord
syring/o-myel-ia
abnormal longitudinal cavities in spinal cord that cause paresthesias and muscle weakness
trauma
wound; physical or mental injury
trauma-tic
pertaining to or caused by trauma
-aly
condition
an-
without
-enceph-
brain
an-enceph-aly
born without cerebral hemispheres
micro-
small
-ceph-
head
micro-ceph-aly
abnormally small head
-tax-
coordination
a-
without
a-tax-ia
inability to coordinate muscle activity, leading to jerky movements
a-tax-ic
pertaining to or suffering from ataxia
-osis
condition
athet-
without position, uncontrolled
-oid
resembling
athet-osis
slow, writhing involuntary movements
athet-oid
resembling or suffering from athetosis
-ia
condition
hemi-
half
-pleg-
paralysis
hemi-pleg-ia
paralysis of one side of body
hemi-pleg-ic
pertaining to or suffering from hemiplegia
-paresis
weakness
hemi-paresis
weakness of one side of body
-cele
hernia
mening/o-
meninges
-myel/o-
spinal cord
mening/o-cele
protrusion of meninges from spinal cord or brain through a defect in vertebral column or cranium
mening/o-myel/o-cele
protrusion of spinal cord and meninges through a defect in vertebral arch of one or more vertebrae
-ia
condition
mono-
one
mono-pleg-ia
paralysis of one limb
mono-pleg-ic
pertaining to or suffering from monoplegia
palsy
paralysis; paralysis or paresis from brain damage
para-
abnormal
para-pleg-ia
paralysis of both lower extremities
para-pleg-ic
pertaining to or suffering from paraplegia
quadri-
four
quadri-pleg-ia
paralysis of all four limbs
quad-pleg-ic
pertaining to or suffering from quadriplegia
spin/a
spine
-fida
split
spin/a bi-fida
failure of one or more vertebral arches to close during fetal development
cyst-
cyst
occult/a
hidden
spin/a bi-fida cyst-ica
meninges and spinal cord protruding through the absent vertebral arch and having the appearance of a cyst
spin/a bi-fida occult/a
deformity of vertebral arch is not apparent from surface
-gen
create, produce
terat/o-
monster, malformed fetus
terat/o-gen
agent that produces fetal deformities
angi/o-
blood vessel
angi/o-graphy
process of recording the image of blood vessels after injection of contrast material
arteri/o-
artery
arteri/o-graphy
x-ray visualization of an artery after injection of contrast material
Doppler
diagnostic instrument that sends an ultrasonic beam into body
ultra-
beyon
-son/o-
sound
Doppler ultra-son/o-graphy
imaging that detects direction, velocity, and turbulence of blood flow; used in workup of stroke patients
color Doppler ultra-son/o-graphy
computer-generated color image to show directions of blood flow
ech/o-
sound wave
-encephal/o-
brain
ech/o-encephal/o-graphy
use of ultrasound in diagnosis of intracranial lesions
electr/o-encephal/o-gram
record of electrical activity of the brain
electr/o-encephal/o-graph
device used to record the electrical activity of the brain
electr/o-encephal/o-graphy
process of recording the electrical activity of the brain
electr/o-my/o-gram
record of electrical activity of a muscle
electr/o-my/o-graphy
recording of electrical activity in muscle
myel/o-graphy
radiography of spinal cord and nerve roots after injection of contrast medium into subarachnoid space
nerve con-duct-ion study
procedure to measure the speed at which an electrical impulse travels along a nerve
botox
toxin; neurotoxin injected into muscles to prevent the muscles from contracting
brachy-
short
brachy-therapy
radiation therapy in which the source of irradiation is implanted in tissue to be treated
cranium
skull; bony container of the brain, excluding the face
-plasty
surgical repair
crani/o-
skull
crani/o-plasty
repair of a bone defect in the skull
crani/o-tomy
surgical removal of part of a skull bone to expose brain for surgery
endo-vascul-ar
relating to inside of blood vessel
ad-
to
-dict
consent, surrender
ad-dict
person with psychologic or physical dependence on substance or practice
ad-dict-ion
habitual psychologic and physiologic dependence on a substance or practice
ad-dict-ive
pertaining to or causing addiction
an-
without, lack of
-esthet
sensation, perception
an-esthet-ic
agent that causes absence of feeling sensation
ant-agon-ism
situation of opposing
ant-agon-ist
an opposing structure, agent, disease or process
anti-de-press-ant
agent to suppress the symptoms of depression
anti-epilep-tic
pharmacologic agent capable of preventing or arresting epilepsy
psych/e-
mind, soul
-del-
visible
psych/e-del-ic
agent that intensifies sensory perception
psych/o-act-ive
able to alter mood, behavior or cognition
sedat-ive
agent that calms nervous excitement
sedat-ion
state of being calmed
stimul-
excite, stregthen
-ant
forming
stimul-ant
agent that excited or strengthens functional activity
stimul-ation
arousal to increased functional activity
-ance
state of, condition
toler-
endurance
toler-ance
capacity to become accustomed to a stimulus or drug
-izer
affects in a particular way
tranquil-izer
agent that calms without sedating or depressing
affect
state of mind; external display of feelings, emotions and thoughts
-end
end result
con-
with
-gru-
to move
con-gru-ent
coinciding or agreeing with
delus-
deceive
delus-ion
fixed, unyielding false belief despite strong evidence to contrary
hallucin-
imagination
hallucin-ation
perception of an object or event when there is no such thing present
hom/i-
man
-cide
to kill
-cidal
pertaining to
hom/i-cide
killing of one human by another
hom/i-cidal
having the tendency to commit homicide
mute
silent; unable or unwilling to speak
para-noia
presence of persecutory delusions
-noia
to think
para-noid
having persecutory delusions
psych-iatry
diagnosis and treatment of mental disorders
psych-iatrist
licensed medical specialist in psychiatry
psych/o-logy
science concerned with behavior of human mind
psych/o-logist
licensed specialist in psychology
psych-osis
disorder with loss of contact with reality
psych/o-tic
affected by psychosis
schiz/o-
to split
-phren-
mind
schiz/o-phren-ia
disorder of perception and behavior with loss of reality
schiz/o-phren-ic
suffering from schizophrenia
su/i-
self
-cid/e
kill
su/i-cid/e
act of killing oneself
su/i-cid-al
wanting to kill oneself
acr/o-
peak, highest point
acr/o-phobia
pathologic fear of heights
agor/a-
marketplace
agor/a-phobia
pathologic fear of being trapped in public place
anxiety
distress caused by fear
bi/o-feed-back
training techniques to achieve voluntary control of response to stimuli
bi-pol-ar disorder
mood disorder with alternating episodes of depression and mania
claustr/o-
confined space
claustr/o-phobia
pathologic fear of being trapped in confined space
cognit-ive
pertaining to mental activities of thinking and learning
cognit-ive behav-ior-al therapy CBT)
psychotherapy that emphasizes thoughts and attitudes in ones behavior
cognit-ive pro-cess-ing therapy (CPT)
psychotherapy to build skills to deal with effects of trauma in other areas of life
compuls-
drive, compel
compuls-ion
uncontrollable impulses to perform an act repetitively
compuls-ive
processing uncontrollable impulses to perform an act repetitively
depress-ion
mental disorder w feelings of deep sadness and dispair
electr/o-con-vuls-ive therapy
passage of electric current through the brain to produce convulsions and treat persistent depression, mania, and other disorders
hypo-chondr-iac
person who exaggerates the significance of symptoms
hypo-chondr-iasis
belief that a minor symptom indicates a severe disease
in-somn-ia
inability to sleep
mania
frenzy; mood disorder with hyperactivity, irritability, rapid speech
man-ic
pertaining to or characterized by mania
man-ic depress-ive disorder
outdated name for bipolar disorder
obsess-
besieged by thoughts
obsess-ion
persistent, recurrent, uncontrollable thoughts or impulses
obsess-ive
possessing persistent, recurrent, uncontrollable thoughts or impulses
phobia
fear; pathologic fear or dread
post-traumat-ic
occurring after and caused by traume
psych/o-soma-tic
pertaining to disorders of body usually resulting from disturbances of the mind
uni-
one
-pol-
pole
uni-pol-ar
depression
ad-dict
person w psychologic or physical dependence on substance or practice
ad-dict-ion
habitual psychologic and physiologic dependence on substance or practice
-soci-
partner, ally, community
anti-soci-al person-al-ity disorder
disorder of people who lie, cheat, steal, and have no guilt about their behavior
dis-soci-ative identity disorder
mental disorder in which part of an indiv’s personality is separated from the rest, leading to multiple personalities
-mania
frenzy
klept/o-
to steal
klept/o-mania
uncontrollable need to steal
narciss-
self love
narciss-ism
self love; person interprets everything purely in relation to himself or herself
narciss-istic
relating everything to oneself
path/o-
disease
path/o-log-ic gambling
morbid, constant, uncontrollable, destructive gambling
psych/o-path
person w antisocial personality disorder
pyr/o-
fire
-mania
frenzy
pyr/o-mania
morbid impulse to set fires
schiz-oid
withdrawn, socially isolated
-mutil-
to maim
self-mutil-ation
injury or disfigurement made to ones own body
soci/o-
partner, ally, community
soci/o-path
person w antisocial personality disorder
anti-epilept-ic
agent to suppress seizures
-lytic
soluble
anxi/o-lytic
agent that reduces the symptoms of anxiety
dependence
to hang from; state of needing someone or something
depress-ant
substance that diminishes activity, sensation, or tone
anti-depress-ant
agent to suppress the symptoms of depression
end-
within
-orphin
morphine
end-orphin
natural substance in brain that has same effect as opium
eu-
normal
-phor-
bear, carry
eu-phor-ia
exaggerated feeling of wellbeing
narc/o-
sleep, stupor
narc/o-tic
drug derived from opium or a synthetic drug w similar effects
psyche-
mind, soul
-del-
manifest, visible
psyche-del-ic
agent that intensifies sensory perception
psych/o-act-ive
able to alter mood, behavior, and cognition
stimul-
excite
stimul-ant
agent that excites or strengthens functional activity
toler
endure
toler-ance
capacity to become accustomed to a stimulus or drug
tranquil-izer
agent that calms w out sedating or depressing
