endocrine system Flashcards
-di-
complete
-uret-
urination
anti-di-uret-ic
agent that decreases urine production
endo-
within
-crine
secrete
-logy
study of
-logist
one who studies, specialist
endo-crine
gland that produces an internal or hormonal secretion
endo-crin/o-logy
medical specialty concerned with production and effects of hormones
endo-crin/o-logist
medical specialist in endocrinology
hormone
to set in motion; chemical formed in one tissue or organ and carried by bloodstream to stimulate or inhibit a function of another tissue or organ
hormon-al
pertaining to hormones
-us
pertainin gto
hypo-
below
hypo-thalam-us
endocrine gland in floor and wall of third ventricle of brain
hypo-thalam-ic
pertaining to hypothalamus
-in
substance
mela-
black
-ton-
tension, pressure
mela-ton-in
hormone formed by pineal gland
oxy-
oxygen
-toc-
labor and childbirth
oxy-toc-in
pituitary hormone that stimulates the uterus to contract
pineal
like a pine cone; pertaining to pineal gland
-ary
pertaining to
pituit-
pituitary
pituit-ary
pertaining to pituitary gland
prostat-
prostate
-gland-
gland
prostat-gland-in
hormone present in many tissues; but first isolated from prostate gland
ser/o-
serum
-ton-
tensions, pressure
ser/o-ton-in
neurotransmitter in central and peripheral nervous system
-megaly
enlargement
acr/o-
peak, highest point
acr/o-megaly
enlargement of head, face, hands, feet due to excess growth hormone after growth plates have closed
-tropic
turning, change
adren/o-
adrenal gland
-cortic/o-
from cortex
adren/o-cortic/o-tropic
hormone of anterior pituitary that stimulates the cortex of adrenal gland to produce its own hormones
-steroid
steroid
cortic/o-
from cortex
cortic/o-steroid
hormone produced by adrenal cortex
-tropin
stimulation
cortic/o-tropin
pituitary hormone that stimulates the cortex of the adrenal gland to secrete cortisone
cortis-one
corticosteroid produced in small amounts by adrenal cortex
diabetes
siphon
in-
not
-sipid-
flavor
-us
pertaining to
diabetes in-sipid-us
excretion of large amounts of dilute urine as a result of inadequate antidiuretic hormone production
gonad/o-
testis, ovary
gonad/o-tropin
any hormone that stimulates gonadal function
gonad
seed; organ that produces sex cells; testis or an ovary
-one
hormone
hydr/o-
water
hydr/o-cortis-one
potent glucocorticoid w antiinflammatory properties
pro-
before
-lact-
milk
pro-lact-in
pituitary hormone that stimulates the production of milk
-trophin
stimulation
somat/o-
the body
somat/o-trophin
hormone of anterior pituitary that stimulates the growth of body tissues
thyr/o-tropin
hormone from anterior pituitary gland that stimulates function of thyroid gland
aden-oma
benign neoplasm of epithelial tissue
bio-psy
process of removing tissue from living patients for microscopic exam
chiasm
cross; x shaped crossing of two optic nerves at base of brain
opt-ic
pertaining to eye
osmol-
concentration
osmol-al-ity
concentration of a solution
tumor
swelling; abnormal swelling
analog
proportionate; compound that resembles another in structure but not in function; analog is a means of transmission of continuous info to our senses, in contrast w the digital transmission of only zeros and ones
-tomy
incision
crani/o-
cranium
crani/o-tomy
incision of skull
endo-
inside
endo-scope
instrument for viewing the inside of a tubular or hollow organ
endo-scop-ic
pertaining to an endoscope
gamma knife
minimally invasive radiosurgical system
proton
first; positively charged unit of nuclear mass
stere/o-
three dimensional
-tact-
orderly arrangement
stere/o-tact-ic
pertaining to precise three dimensional method to locate lesion or tumor
trans-nas-al
through the nose
sphen/o-
wedge
trans-sphen/o-id
through sphenoid sinus
calc/i-ton-in
hormone produced by thyroid gland that moves calcium from blood to bones
emac/i-
make thin
emac/i-ation
abnormal thinness
emac/i-ated
pertaining to or suffering from emaciation
para-
adjacent, beside
para-thyri-oid
endocrine glands embedded in back of thyroid gland
thymus
sweetbread; endocrine gland located in mediastinum
thyroid
an oblong shield; endocrine gland in neck; cartilage of larynx
thyr-ox-ine
thyroid hormone T4, tetraiodthyronine
cretin
severe congenital hypothyroidism
cretin-ism
condition of severe congenital hypothyroidisme
ex-
out
-ophthalmos
eye
ex-ophthalmos
protrusion of eyeball
goiter
throat; benign enlargement of thyroid gland
graves disease
hyperthyroidism with toxis goiter
hashimoto disease
autoimmune disease of thyroid gland
hyper-para-thyr-oid-ism
excessive levels of parathyroid hormone
hypo-para-thyr-oid-ism
deficient levels of parathyroid hormone
-pyrex-
fever
hyper-pyrex-ia
extremely high body temp or fever
hyper-thyr-oid-ism
excessive production of thyroid hormones
hypo-thyr-oid-ism
deficient production of thyroid hormones
-ine
pertaining to
iod-
violet
iod-ine
chemical element, the lack of which causes thyroid disease
myx-
mucus
-edema
swelling
myx-edema
nonpitting, waxy edema of skin in hypothyroidism
tetany
convulsive tension; severe muscle twitches, cramps, and spasms
-ectomy
surgical, excision
-oid-
resembling
thyr-oid-ectomy
surgical removal of thyroid gland
thyr-oid-itis
inflammation of thyroid gland
-toxic/o-
poison
thyr/o-toxic/o-sis
disorder produced by excessive thyroid hormone production
ablat-
take away
ablat-ion
removal of tissue to destroy its function
aspirat-ion
removal by suction of fluid or gas from body cavity
iso-
equal
-tope
part
-top-
part
iso-tope
radioactive element; some of these elements are used in diagnostic procedures
iso-top-ic
of identical chemical composition
lob-ectomy
surgical removal of lobe of the lungs or thyroid gland
lymphaden-
lymph node
lymphaden-ectomy
surgical excision of a lymph node
-ive
pertaining to
radi/o-
radiation
-act-
performance
radi/o-act-ive iodine
any of various tracers that emit alpha, beta, or gamma rays
-graphy
recording
ultra-
beyond
son/o-
sound
ultra-son/o-graphy
delineation of deep structures using sound waves
Addison disease
autoimmune disease leading to decreased production of adrenocortical steroids
-al
pertaining to
ad-
to, toward
-ren-
kidney
supra-
above
-ine
pertaining to
epi-
above
-nephr-
kidney
ad-ren-al supra-ren-al
endocrine gland on upper pole of each kidney
ad-ren-al epi-nephr-ine
main catecholamine produced by adrenal medulla
adren/o-
adrenal
-cortic-
cortex
adren/o-cortic-al
pertaining to cortex of the adrenal gland
-one
hormone
ald/o-
organic compound
-ster-
steroid
ald/o-ster-one
mineralocorticoid hormone of adrenal cortex
-amine
nitrogen-containing substance
catechol-
tyrosine containing
catechol-amine
major elements produced by adrenal cortex in stress response; including epinephrine and norepinephrine
cushing syndrome
hypersecretion of cortisol (hydrocortisone) by adrenal gland
Facies
appearance; facial features and expressions
gluc/o-cortic-oid
hormone of adrenal cortex that helps regulate glucose metabolism
hydr/o-
water
hydr/o-cortis-one
potent glucocorticoid w anti inflammatory properties
idi/o-
unknown
-path-
disease
idi/o-path-ic
pertaining to a disease of unknown etiology
mineral/o-
inorganic material
mineral/o-cortic-oid
hormone of adrenal cortex that influences sodium and potassium metabolism
nor-
normal
-epi-
above
-nephr-
kidney
nor-epi-nephr-ine
catecholamine hormone of adrenal gland that is sympathetic neurotransmitter
ster-
solid
ster-oid
large family of chemical substances found in many drugs, hormones, any body components
ambiguous
to wander; uncertain
andr/o-
male
andr/o-gen
hormone that produces masculine characterstics
cortex
outer covering; outer portion of an organ
genit-
primary male or female sex organs
genit-al
relating to primary male or female sex organs
-ia
condition
-plas-
formation
hyper-plas-ia
increase in the number of cells in a tissue or organ
medulla
marrow; central part of a structure surrounded by cortex
ster-
solid
ster-oid
large family of chemical substances found in hormones, body components, and drugs
exo-
outward
-crine
secrete
exo-crine
gland that secretes outwardly through excretory ducts
-agon
to fight
gluc-
sugar, glucose
gluc-agon
pancreatic hormone that supports blood glucose levels
-genesis
creation
-neo-
new
gluc/o-neo-genesis
formation of glucose from noncarb sources
-ose
full of
gluc-ose
final product of carbohydrate digestion and main sugar in blood
-lysis
separate, dissolve
glyc/o-
glycogen
-gen/o-
create
glyc/o-gen/o-lysis
conversion of glycogen to glucose
-in
a substance
insul-
an island
insul-in
hormone produced by islet cells of pancreas
pancreat-
pancreas
-et
a little
isl-
island
pancreat-ic isl-ets
areas of pancreatic cells that produced insulin and glucagon
-statin
inhibits
somat/o-
body
somat/o-stain
hormone that inhibits release of growth hormone and insulin
-ation
a process
amput-
to prune, lop off
amput-ation
process of removing a limb, part of limb, a breast, or other projecting part
auto-
self, same
-anti-
against
-body
body
auto-anti-body
antibody produced in response to an antigen from host’s own tissue
coma
deep sleep; state of deep unconsciousness
comat-
coma
comat-ose
in a state of coma
diabetes mellitus
a siphon; sweetened w honey; metabolic syndrome caused by absolute or relative insulin
diabet-
diabetes
diabet-ic
pertaining to or suffering from diabetes
-emia
blood condition
hyper-
above
-glyc-
glucose
-emic
pertaining to a blood condition
hyper-glyc-emia
high level of glucose in blood
hyper-glyc-emic
pertaining to or suffering from low blood sugar
nephr/o-pathy
any disease of kidney
neur/o-pathy
any disease of nervous system
-ia
condition
par-
abnormal
-esthes-
sensation
par-esthes-ia
abnormal sensation (tingling, burning, pricking)
-ia
condtion
poly-
many, excessive
-dips-
thirst
poly-dips-ia
excessive thirst
-phag-
eat
poly-phag-ia
excessive eating
poly-ur-ia
excessive production of urine
retin/o-
retina of eye
retin/o-pathy
degenerative disease of retina
acetone
vinegar; ketone that is found in blood, urine, and breath when diabetes mellitus is out of control
-osis
condition
ket/o-
ketone
-acid
acid
ket/o-acid-osis
excessive ketones in blood, making it acidic
ketone
acetone; chemical found in uncontrolled diabetes or in starvation
ket-osis
excessive production of ketones
lethargy
drowsiness; abnormal drowsiness in depth or length of time
metabol-
change
metabol-ic acid-osis
decreased pH in blood and body tissues as a result of an upset in metabolism
saline
salt; salt solution, usually sodium chloride
