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Medical Terminolgy > endocrine system > Flashcards

endocrine system Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

-di-

A

complete

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2
Q

-uret-

A

urination

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3
Q

anti-di-uret-ic

A

agent that decreases urine production

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4
Q

endo-

A

within

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5
Q

-crine

A

secrete

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6
Q

-logy

A

study of

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7
Q

-logist

A

one who studies, specialist

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8
Q

endo-crine

A

gland that produces an internal or hormonal secretion

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9
Q

endo-crin/o-logy

A

medical specialty concerned with production and effects of hormones

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10
Q

endo-crin/o-logist

A

medical specialist in endocrinology

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11
Q

hormone

A

to set in motion; chemical formed in one tissue or organ and carried by bloodstream to stimulate or inhibit a function of another tissue or organ

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12
Q

hormon-al

A

pertaining to hormones

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13
Q

-us

A

pertainin gto

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14
Q

hypo-

A

below

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15
Q

hypo-thalam-us

A

endocrine gland in floor and wall of third ventricle of brain

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16
Q

hypo-thalam-ic

A

pertaining to hypothalamus

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17
Q

-in

A

substance

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18
Q

mela-

A

black

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19
Q

-ton-

A

tension, pressure

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20
Q

mela-ton-in

A

hormone formed by pineal gland

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21
Q

oxy-

A

oxygen

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22
Q

-toc-

A

labor and childbirth

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23
Q

oxy-toc-in

A

pituitary hormone that stimulates the uterus to contract

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24
Q

pineal

A

like a pine cone; pertaining to pineal gland

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25
Q

-ary

A

pertaining to

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26
Q

pituit-

A

pituitary

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27
Q

pituit-ary

A

pertaining to pituitary gland

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28
Q

prostat-

A

prostate

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29
Q

-gland-

A

gland

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30
Q

prostat-gland-in

A

hormone present in many tissues; but first isolated from prostate gland

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31
Q

ser/o-

A

serum

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32
Q

-ton-

A

tensions, pressure

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33
Q

ser/o-ton-in

A

neurotransmitter in central and peripheral nervous system

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34
Q

-megaly

A

enlargement

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35
Q

acr/o-

A

peak, highest point

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36
Q

acr/o-megaly

A

enlargement of head, face, hands, feet due to excess growth hormone after growth plates have closed

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37
Q

-tropic

A

turning, change

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38
Q

adren/o-

A

adrenal gland

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39
Q

-cortic/o-

A

from cortex

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40
Q

adren/o-cortic/o-tropic

A

hormone of anterior pituitary that stimulates the cortex of adrenal gland to produce its own hormones

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41
Q

-steroid

A

steroid

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42
Q

cortic/o-

A

from cortex

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43
Q

cortic/o-steroid

A

hormone produced by adrenal cortex

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44
Q

-tropin

A

stimulation

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45
Q

cortic/o-tropin

A

pituitary hormone that stimulates the cortex of the adrenal gland to secrete cortisone

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46
Q

cortis-one

A

corticosteroid produced in small amounts by adrenal cortex

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47
Q

diabetes

A

siphon

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48
Q

in-

A

not

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49
Q

-sipid-

A

flavor

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50
Q

-us

A

pertaining to

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51
Q

diabetes in-sipid-us

A

excretion of large amounts of dilute urine as a result of inadequate antidiuretic hormone production

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52
Q

gonad/o-

A

testis, ovary

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53
Q

gonad/o-tropin

A

any hormone that stimulates gonadal function

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54
Q

gonad

A

seed; organ that produces sex cells; testis or an ovary

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55
Q

-one

A

hormone

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56
Q

hydr/o-

A

water

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57
Q

hydr/o-cortis-one

A

potent glucocorticoid w antiinflammatory properties

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58
Q

pro-

A

before

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59
Q

-lact-

A

milk

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60
Q

pro-lact-in

A

pituitary hormone that stimulates the production of milk

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61
Q

-trophin

A

stimulation

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62
Q

somat/o-

A

the body

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63
Q

somat/o-trophin

A

hormone of anterior pituitary that stimulates the growth of body tissues

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64
Q

thyr/o-tropin

A

hormone from anterior pituitary gland that stimulates function of thyroid gland

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65
Q

aden-oma

A

benign neoplasm of epithelial tissue

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66
Q

bio-psy

A

process of removing tissue from living patients for microscopic exam

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67
Q

chiasm

A

cross; x shaped crossing of two optic nerves at base of brain

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68
Q

opt-ic

A

pertaining to eye

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69
Q

osmol-

A

concentration

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70
Q

osmol-al-ity

A

concentration of a solution

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71
Q

tumor

A

swelling; abnormal swelling

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72
Q

analog

A

proportionate; compound that resembles another in structure but not in function; analog is a means of transmission of continuous info to our senses, in contrast w the digital transmission of only zeros and ones

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73
Q

-tomy

A

incision

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74
Q

crani/o-

A

cranium

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75
Q

crani/o-tomy

A

incision of skull

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76
Q

endo-

A

inside

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77
Q

endo-scope

A

instrument for viewing the inside of a tubular or hollow organ

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78
Q

endo-scop-ic

A

pertaining to an endoscope

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79
Q

gamma knife

A

minimally invasive radiosurgical system

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80
Q

proton

A

first; positively charged unit of nuclear mass

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81
Q

stere/o-

A

three dimensional

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82
Q

-tact-

A

orderly arrangement

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83
Q

stere/o-tact-ic

A

pertaining to precise three dimensional method to locate lesion or tumor

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84
Q

trans-nas-al

A

through the nose

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85
Q

sphen/o-

A

wedge

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86
Q

trans-sphen/o-id

A

through sphenoid sinus

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87
Q

calc/i-ton-in

A

hormone produced by thyroid gland that moves calcium from blood to bones

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88
Q

emac/i-

A

make thin

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89
Q

emac/i-ation

A

abnormal thinness

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90
Q

emac/i-ated

A

pertaining to or suffering from emaciation

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91
Q

para-

A

adjacent, beside

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92
Q

para-thyri-oid

A

endocrine glands embedded in back of thyroid gland

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93
Q

thymus

A

sweetbread; endocrine gland located in mediastinum

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94
Q

thyroid

A

an oblong shield; endocrine gland in neck; cartilage of larynx

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95
Q

thyr-ox-ine

A

thyroid hormone T4, tetraiodthyronine

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96
Q

cretin

A

severe congenital hypothyroidism

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97
Q

cretin-ism

A

condition of severe congenital hypothyroidisme

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98
Q

ex-

A

out

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99
Q

-ophthalmos

A

eye

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100
Q

ex-ophthalmos

A

protrusion of eyeball

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101
Q

goiter

A

throat; benign enlargement of thyroid gland

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102
Q

graves disease

A

hyperthyroidism with toxis goiter

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103
Q

hashimoto disease

A

autoimmune disease of thyroid gland

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104
Q

hyper-para-thyr-oid-ism

A

excessive levels of parathyroid hormone

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105
Q

hypo-para-thyr-oid-ism

A

deficient levels of parathyroid hormone

106
Q

-pyrex-

A

fever

107
Q

hyper-pyrex-ia

A

extremely high body temp or fever

108
Q

hyper-thyr-oid-ism

A

excessive production of thyroid hormones

109
Q

hypo-thyr-oid-ism

A

deficient production of thyroid hormones

110
Q

-ine

A

pertaining to

111
Q

iod-

A

violet

112
Q

iod-ine

A

chemical element, the lack of which causes thyroid disease

113
Q

myx-

A

mucus

114
Q

-edema

A

swelling

115
Q

myx-edema

A

nonpitting, waxy edema of skin in hypothyroidism

116
Q

tetany

A

convulsive tension; severe muscle twitches, cramps, and spasms

117
Q

-ectomy

A

surgical, excision

118
Q

-oid-

A

resembling

119
Q

thyr-oid-ectomy

A

surgical removal of thyroid gland

120
Q

thyr-oid-itis

A

inflammation of thyroid gland

121
Q

-toxic/o-

A

poison

122
Q

thyr/o-toxic/o-sis

A

disorder produced by excessive thyroid hormone production

123
Q

ablat-

A

take away

124
Q

ablat-ion

A

removal of tissue to destroy its function

125
Q

aspirat-ion

A

removal by suction of fluid or gas from body cavity

126
Q

iso-

A

equal

127
Q

-tope

A

part

128
Q

-top-

A

part

129
Q

iso-tope

A

radioactive element; some of these elements are used in diagnostic procedures

130
Q

iso-top-ic

A

of identical chemical composition

131
Q

lob-ectomy

A

surgical removal of lobe of the lungs or thyroid gland

132
Q

lymphaden-

A

lymph node

133
Q

lymphaden-ectomy

A

surgical excision of a lymph node

134
Q

-ive

A

pertaining to

135
Q

radi/o-

A

radiation

136
Q

-act-

A

performance

137
Q

radi/o-act-ive iodine

A

any of various tracers that emit alpha, beta, or gamma rays

138
Q

-graphy

A

recording

139
Q

ultra-

A

beyond

140
Q

son/o-

A

sound

141
Q

ultra-son/o-graphy

A

delineation of deep structures using sound waves

142
Q

Addison disease

A

autoimmune disease leading to decreased production of adrenocortical steroids

143
Q

-al

A

pertaining to

144
Q

ad-

A

to, toward

145
Q

-ren-

A

kidney

146
Q

supra-

A

above

147
Q

-ine

A

pertaining to

148
Q

epi-

A

above

149
Q

-nephr-

A

kidney

150
Q

ad-ren-al supra-ren-al

A

endocrine gland on upper pole of each kidney

151
Q

ad-ren-al epi-nephr-ine

A

main catecholamine produced by adrenal medulla

152
Q

adren/o-

A

adrenal

153
Q

-cortic-

A

cortex

154
Q

adren/o-cortic-al

A

pertaining to cortex of the adrenal gland

155
Q

-one

A

hormone

156
Q

ald/o-

A

organic compound

157
Q

-ster-

A

steroid

158
Q

ald/o-ster-one

A

mineralocorticoid hormone of adrenal cortex

159
Q

-amine

A

nitrogen-containing substance

160
Q

catechol-

A

tyrosine containing

161
Q

catechol-amine

A

major elements produced by adrenal cortex in stress response; including epinephrine and norepinephrine

162
Q

cushing syndrome

A

hypersecretion of cortisol (hydrocortisone) by adrenal gland

163
Q

Facies

A

appearance; facial features and expressions

164
Q

gluc/o-cortic-oid

A

hormone of adrenal cortex that helps regulate glucose metabolism

165
Q

hydr/o-

A

water

166
Q

hydr/o-cortis-one

A

potent glucocorticoid w anti inflammatory properties

167
Q

idi/o-

A

unknown

168
Q

-path-

A

disease

169
Q

idi/o-path-ic

A

pertaining to a disease of unknown etiology

170
Q

mineral/o-

A

inorganic material

171
Q

mineral/o-cortic-oid

A

hormone of adrenal cortex that influences sodium and potassium metabolism

172
Q

nor-

A

normal

173
Q

-epi-

A

above

174
Q

-nephr-

A

kidney

175
Q

nor-epi-nephr-ine

A

catecholamine hormone of adrenal gland that is sympathetic neurotransmitter

176
Q

ster-

A

solid

177
Q

ster-oid

A

large family of chemical substances found in many drugs, hormones, any body components

178
Q

ambiguous

A

to wander; uncertain

179
Q

andr/o-

A

male

180
Q

andr/o-gen

A

hormone that produces masculine characterstics

181
Q

cortex

A

outer covering; outer portion of an organ

182
Q

genit-

A

primary male or female sex organs

183
Q

genit-al

A

relating to primary male or female sex organs

184
Q

-ia

A

condition

185
Q

-plas-

A

formation

186
Q

hyper-plas-ia

A

increase in the number of cells in a tissue or organ

187
Q

medulla

A

marrow; central part of a structure surrounded by cortex

188
Q

ster-

A

solid

189
Q

ster-oid

A

large family of chemical substances found in hormones, body components, and drugs

190
Q

exo-

A

outward

191
Q

-crine

A

secrete

192
Q

exo-crine

A

gland that secretes outwardly through excretory ducts

193
Q

-agon

A

to fight

194
Q

gluc-

A

sugar, glucose

195
Q

gluc-agon

A

pancreatic hormone that supports blood glucose levels

196
Q

-genesis

A

creation

197
Q

-neo-

A

new

198
Q

gluc/o-neo-genesis

A

formation of glucose from noncarb sources

199
Q

-ose

A

full of

200
Q

gluc-ose

A

final product of carbohydrate digestion and main sugar in blood

201
Q

-lysis

A

separate, dissolve

202
Q

glyc/o-

A

glycogen

203
Q

-gen/o-

A

create

204
Q

glyc/o-gen/o-lysis

A

conversion of glycogen to glucose

205
Q

-in

A

a substance

206
Q

insul-

A

an island

207
Q

insul-in

A

hormone produced by islet cells of pancreas

208
Q

pancreat-

A

pancreas

209
Q

-et

A

a little

210
Q

isl-

A

island

211
Q

pancreat-ic isl-ets

A

areas of pancreatic cells that produced insulin and glucagon

212
Q

-statin

A

inhibits

213
Q

somat/o-

A

body

214
Q

somat/o-stain

A

hormone that inhibits release of growth hormone and insulin

215
Q

-ation

A

a process

216
Q

amput-

A

to prune, lop off

217
Q

amput-ation

A

process of removing a limb, part of limb, a breast, or other projecting part

218
Q

auto-

A

self, same

219
Q

-anti-

A

against

220
Q

-body

A

body

221
Q

auto-anti-body

A

antibody produced in response to an antigen from host’s own tissue

222
Q

coma

A

deep sleep; state of deep unconsciousness

223
Q

comat-

A

coma

224
Q

comat-ose

A

in a state of coma

225
Q

diabetes mellitus

A

a siphon; sweetened w honey; metabolic syndrome caused by absolute or relative insulin

226
Q

diabet-

A

diabetes

227
Q

diabet-ic

A

pertaining to or suffering from diabetes

228
Q

-emia

A

blood condition

229
Q

hyper-

A

above

230
Q

-glyc-

A

glucose

231
Q

-emic

A

pertaining to a blood condition

232
Q

hyper-glyc-emia

A

high level of glucose in blood

233
Q

hyper-glyc-emic

A

pertaining to or suffering from low blood sugar

234
Q

nephr/o-pathy

A

any disease of kidney

235
Q

neur/o-pathy

A

any disease of nervous system

236
Q

-ia

A

condition

237
Q

par-

A

abnormal

238
Q

-esthes-

A

sensation

239
Q

par-esthes-ia

A

abnormal sensation (tingling, burning, pricking)

240
Q

-ia

A

condtion

241
Q

poly-

A

many, excessive

242
Q

-dips-

A

thirst

243
Q

poly-dips-ia

A

excessive thirst

244
Q

-phag-

A

eat

245
Q

poly-phag-ia

A

excessive eating

246
Q

poly-ur-ia

A

excessive production of urine

247
Q

retin/o-

A

retina of eye

248
Q

retin/o-pathy

A

degenerative disease of retina

249
Q

acetone

A

vinegar; ketone that is found in blood, urine, and breath when diabetes mellitus is out of control

250
Q

-osis

A

condition

251
Q

ket/o-

A

ketone

252
Q

-acid

A

acid

253
Q

ket/o-acid-osis

A

excessive ketones in blood, making it acidic

254
Q

ketone

A

acetone; chemical found in uncontrolled diabetes or in starvation

255
Q

ket-osis

A

excessive production of ketones

256
Q

lethargy

A

drowsiness; abnormal drowsiness in depth or length of time

257
Q

metabol-

A

change

258
Q

metabol-ic acid-osis

A

decreased pH in blood and body tissues as a result of an upset in metabolism

259
Q

saline

A

salt; salt solution, usually sodium chloride

260
Q
A

Medical Terminolgy (24 decks)

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