digestive system Flashcards
-ary
pertaining to
aliment-
nourishment, food
aliment-ary
pertaining to digestive tract
canal
a duct, channel
aliment-ary channel
digestive tract
anus
a ring; terminal opening of digestive tract through which fecs are discharged
-al
pertaining to
an-
anus
an-al
pertaining to anus
-atric
treatment
bari-
weight
bari-atric
treatment of obesity
-ion
action
digest-
to break down food
digest-ion
breakdown of food into elements suitable for cell metabolism
-ive
nature of, quality of
digest-ive
pertaining to digestion
esophagus
gullet; tube linking the pharynx and stomach
-ic
pertaining to
gastr-
stomach
gastr-ic
pertaining to stomach
-logy
study of
-enter/o
intestine
gastr/o-enter/o-logy
medical specialty of stomach and intestines
-logist
one who studies, specialist
gastr/o-enter/o-logist
medical specialist in gastroenterology
intestin-
gut, intestine
gastr/o-intestin-al
pertaining to stomach and intestines
intestine
intestine, gut; digestive tube from stomach and anus
intestin-al
pertaining to intestines
-scopy
to view; examine
lapar/o-
abdomen in general
lapar/o-scopy
exam of contents of abdomen using an endoscope
-scope
instrument for viewing
laparo-scope
instrument used for viewing abdominal contents
lapar/o-scop-ic
pertaining to laparoscopy
nutrient
to nourish; substance in food required for normal physiologic function
-ive
nature of, pertaining to
nutrit-
nourishment
nutrit-ive
providing nourishment
nutrit-ion
study of food and liquid requirements for normal function of human body
nutrit-ion-ist
certified professional in nutrition science
-ase
enzyme
amyl-
starch
amyl-ase
one of a group of enzymes that breaks down starch
bolus
lump; single mass of substance
-ion
action, condition
deglutit-
to swallow
deglutit-ion
act of swallowing
-ation
process
elimin-
throw away
elimin-ation
removal of waste material from digestive tract
en-
in
-zyme
fermenting
en-zyme
protein that induces changes in other substances
lip-
fat
lip-ase
enzyme that breaks down fat
mastic-
chew
mastic-ate
to chew
mastic-ation
process of chewing
peri-
around
-stalsis
constrict
peri-stalsis
waves of alternate contraction and relaxation of intestinal wall to move food along digestive tract
pro/e-
protein
prot/e-ase
group of enzymes that breaks down protein
-ine
pertaining to, substance
dent-ine
dense, ivory like substance located under enamel in tooth
dent-
tooth
dent-ist
qualified practitioner in anatomy, physio, and pathology of oral facial complex
enamel
hard substance covering tooth
mouth
external opening of cavity or canal
nas/o-
nose
-pharynx
throat
nas/o-pharynx
region of pharynx at back of nose and above soft palate
or-
mouth
or-al
pertaining to mouth
palate
roof of mouth
papilla (ae)
small pimple; any small projection
-id
having a particular quality
par-
beside
-ot-
ear
par-ot-id
parotid gland is the salivary gland beside ear
pulp
flesh; dental pulp is connective tissue in cavity in center of tooth
saliva
spit; secretion in mouth from salivary glands
saliv-ary
pertaining to saliva
sub-
underneath
-lingu-
tongue
sub-lingu-al
underneath the tongue
-mandibul-
mandible
sub-mandibul-ar
underneath mandible
tongue
mobile muscle mass in mouth; bears the taste buds
uvula
grape; fleshy projection of soft palate
aphlous
ulcer; painful small oral ulecers (canker sores)
canker
crab; nonmedical term for aphthous ulcer
caries
dry rot; bacterial destruction of teeth
gingiv-
gum
gingiv-a
gum; tissue surrounding teeth and covering the jaw
gingiv-al
pertaining to gums
gingiv-itis
inflammation of gums
-ectomy
surgical excision
gingiv-ectomy
surgical removal of diseased gum tissue
-dynia
pain
gloss/o-
tongue
gloss/o-dynia
painful, burning tongue
-osis
condition
halit-
breath
halit-osis
bad odor of breath
peri-
around
-odont-
tooth
-ics
knowledge
peri-odont-al
around a tooth
peri-odont-ics
branch of dentistry specializing in disorders of tissues around teeth
-ist
specialist
peri-odont-ist
specialist in periodontics
peri-odont-itis
inflammation of tissues around tooth
plaque
plate; patch of abnormal tissue
-rrhea
flow
py/o-
pus
py/o-rrhea
purulent discharge
stomat/i-
oral cavity, mouth
stomat/i-tis
inflammation of mucous membrane in mouth
tartar
crust on wine casks; calcified deposit at gingival margin of teeth
thrush
infection w candida albicans
a-
without
symptomat-
symptom
a-symptomat-ic
w/o any symptoms or abnormalities experienced by patient
symptomat-ic
pertaining to symptoms of disease
dys-
difficulty
-phagia
swallowing
dys-phagia
difficulty in swallowing
emesis
to vomit;
hemat-
blood
hemat-emesis
vomiting of blood
esophagus
gullet; tube linking pharynx to stomach
-eal
pertaining to
esophag-
esophagus
esophag-eal
pertaining to esophagus
esophag-itis
inflammtion of lining of esophagus
hernia
rupture; protusion of structure thru tissue that normally contains it
-rrhaphy
suture
herni/o-
hernia
herni/o-rrhaphy
repair of hernia
hiatus
an aperture; opening thru structure
hiat-
opening
hiat-al
pertaining to hiatus
re-
back
-flux
flow
re-flux
backward flow
sphincter
a band; band of muscle that encircles an opening; when it contracts, the opening squeezes closed
varix
dilated vein; dilated, tortuous vein
-ose
full of
varic-
varicosity; dilated, tortuous vein
varic-ose
characterized by or affected w varices
chyme
juice; semifluid, partially digested food passed from stomach into duodenum
-um
structure
duoden-
twelve
duoden-um
first part of small intestine; approx 12 finger breadths (9-10 inches) in length
duoden-al
pertaining to duodenum
-in
substance, chemical compound
gastr-
stomach
gastr-in
hormone secreted in stomach that stimulates secretion of HCI and increases gastric mobility
hydr/o-
water
-chlor-
green
hydr/o-chlor-ic
acid of gastric juice
intrins-
on the inside
factor
maker
intrins-ic factor
makes the absorption of vitamin B12 happen
mucus
slime; sticky secretion of cells in mucous membranes
mucous
relating to mucus or the mucosa
mucin
protein element of mucus
pepsin
to digest; enzyme produced by stomach that breaks down protein
-gen
produce
pepsin/o-
pepsin
pepsin/o-gen
converted by HCl in stomach to pepsin
-us
pertaining to
pylor-
gate, pylorus
pylor-us
exit area of stomach
pylor-ic
pertaining to pylorus
absorpt-
to swallow
absorpt-ion
uptake of nutrients and water by cells in GI tract