digestive system Flashcards
1
Q
-ary
A
pertaining to
2
Q
aliment-
A
nourishment, food
3
Q
aliment-ary
A
pertaining to digestive tract
4
Q
canal
A
a duct, channel
5
Q
aliment-ary channel
A
digestive tract
6
Q
anus
A
a ring; terminal opening of digestive tract through which fecs are discharged
7
Q
-al
A
pertaining to
8
Q
an-
A
anus
9
Q
an-al
A
pertaining to anus
10
Q
-atric
A
treatment
11
Q
bari-
A
weight
12
Q
bari-atric
A
treatment of obesity
13
Q
-ion
A
action
14
Q
digest-
A
to break down food
15
Q
digest-ion
A
breakdown of food into elements suitable for cell metabolism
16
Q
-ive
A
nature of, quality of
17
Q
digest-ive
A
pertaining to digestion
18
Q
esophagus
A
gullet; tube linking the pharynx and stomach
19
Q
-ic
A
pertaining to
20
Q
gastr-
A
stomach
21
Q
gastr-ic
A
pertaining to stomach
22
Q
-logy
A
study of
23
Q
-enter/o
A
intestine
24
Q
gastr/o-enter/o-logy
A
medical specialty of stomach and intestines
25
-logist
one who studies, specialist
26
gastr/o-enter/o-logist
medical specialist in gastroenterology
27
intestin-
gut, intestine
28
gastr/o-intestin-al
pertaining to stomach and intestines
29
intestine
intestine, gut; digestive tube from stomach and anus
30
intestin-al
pertaining to intestines
31
-scopy
to view; examine
32
lapar/o-
abdomen in general
33
lapar/o-scopy
exam of contents of abdomen using an endoscope
34
-scope
instrument for viewing
35
laparo-scope
instrument used for viewing abdominal contents
36
lapar/o-scop-ic
pertaining to laparoscopy
37
nutrient
to nourish; substance in food required for normal physiologic function
38
-ive
nature of, pertaining to
39
nutrit-
nourishment
40
nutrit-ive
providing nourishment
41
nutrit-ion
study of food and liquid requirements for normal function of human body
42
nutrit-ion-ist
certified professional in nutrition science
43
-ase
enzyme
44
amyl-
starch
45
amyl-ase
one of a group of enzymes that breaks down starch
46
bolus
lump; single mass of substance
47
-ion
action, condition
48
deglutit-
to swallow
49
deglutit-ion
act of swallowing
50
-ation
process
51
elimin-
throw away
52
elimin-ation
removal of waste material from digestive tract
53
en-
in
54
-zyme
fermenting
55
en-zyme
protein that induces changes in other substances
56
lip-
fat
57
lip-ase
enzyme that breaks down fat
58
mastic-
chew
59
mastic-ate
to chew
60
mastic-ation
process of chewing
61
peri-
around
62
-stalsis
constrict
63
peri-stalsis
waves of alternate contraction and relaxation of intestinal wall to move food along digestive tract
64
pro/e-
protein
65
prot/e-ase
group of enzymes that breaks down protein
66
-ine
pertaining to, substance
67
dent-ine
dense, ivory like substance located under enamel in tooth
68
dent-
tooth
69
dent-ist
qualified practitioner in anatomy, physio, and pathology of oral facial complex
70
enamel
hard substance covering tooth
71
mouth
external opening of cavity or canal
72
nas/o-
nose
73
-pharynx
throat
74
nas/o-pharynx
region of pharynx at back of nose and above soft palate
75
or-
mouth
76
or-al
pertaining to mouth
77
palate
roof of mouth
78
papilla (ae)
small pimple; any small projection
79
-id
having a particular quality
80
par-
beside
81
-ot-
ear
82
par-ot-id
parotid gland is the salivary gland beside ear
83
pulp
flesh; dental pulp is connective tissue in cavity in center of tooth
84
saliva
spit; secretion in mouth from salivary glands
85
saliv-ary
pertaining to saliva
86
sub-
underneath
87
-lingu-
tongue
88
sub-lingu-al
underneath the tongue
89
-mandibul-
mandible
90
sub-mandibul-ar
underneath mandible
91
tongue
mobile muscle mass in mouth; bears the taste buds
92
uvula
grape; fleshy projection of soft palate
93
aphlous
ulcer; painful small oral ulecers (canker sores)
94
canker
crab; nonmedical term for aphthous ulcer
95
caries
dry rot; bacterial destruction of teeth
96
gingiv-
gum
97
gingiv-a
gum; tissue surrounding teeth and covering the jaw
98
gingiv-al
pertaining to gums
99
gingiv-itis
inflammation of gums
100
-ectomy
surgical excision
101
gingiv-ectomy
surgical removal of diseased gum tissue
102
-dynia
pain
103
gloss/o-
tongue
104
gloss/o-dynia
painful, burning tongue
105
-osis
condition
106
halit-
breath
107
halit-osis
bad odor of breath
108
peri-
around
109
-odont-
tooth
110
-ics
knowledge
111
peri-odont-al
around a tooth
112
peri-odont-ics
branch of dentistry specializing in disorders of tissues around teeth
113
-ist
specialist
114
peri-odont-ist
specialist in periodontics
115
peri-odont-itis
inflammation of tissues around tooth
116
plaque
plate; patch of abnormal tissue
117
-rrhea
flow
118
py/o-
pus
119
py/o-rrhea
purulent discharge
120
stomat/i-
oral cavity, mouth
121
stomat/i-tis
inflammation of mucous membrane in mouth
122
tartar
crust on wine casks; calcified deposit at gingival margin of teeth
123
thrush
infection w candida albicans
124
a-
without
125
symptomat-
symptom
126
a-symptomat-ic
w/o any symptoms or abnormalities experienced by patient
127
symptomat-ic
pertaining to symptoms of disease
128
dys-
difficulty
129
-phagia
swallowing
130
dys-phagia
difficulty in swallowing
131
emesis
to vomit;
132
hemat-
blood
133
hemat-emesis
vomiting of blood
134
esophagus
gullet; tube linking pharynx to stomach
135
-eal
pertaining to
136
esophag-
esophagus
137
esophag-eal
pertaining to esophagus
138
esophag-itis
inflammtion of lining of esophagus
139
hernia
rupture; protusion of structure thru tissue that normally contains it
140
-rrhaphy
suture
141
herni/o-
hernia
142
herni/o-rrhaphy
repair of hernia
143
hiatus
an aperture; opening thru structure
144
hiat-
opening
145
hiat-al
pertaining to hiatus
146
re-
back
147
-flux
flow
148
re-flux
backward flow
149
sphincter
a band; band of muscle that encircles an opening; when it contracts, the opening squeezes closed
150
varix
dilated vein; dilated, tortuous vein
151
-ose
full of
152
varic-
varicosity; dilated, tortuous vein
153
varic-ose
characterized by or affected w varices
154
chyme
juice; semifluid, partially digested food passed from stomach into duodenum
155
-um
structure
156
duoden-
twelve
157
duoden-um
first part of small intestine; approx 12 finger breadths (9-10 inches) in length
158
duoden-al
pertaining to duodenum
159
-in
substance, chemical compound
160
gastr-
stomach
161
gastr-in
hormone secreted in stomach that stimulates secretion of HCI and increases gastric mobility
162
hydr/o-
water
163
-chlor-
green
164
hydr/o-chlor-ic
acid of gastric juice
165
intrins-
on the inside
166
factor
maker
167
intrins-ic factor
makes the absorption of vitamin B12 happen
168
mucus
slime; sticky secretion of cells in mucous membranes
169
mucous
relating to mucus or the mucosa
170
mucin
protein element of mucus
171
pepsin
to digest; enzyme produced by stomach that breaks down protein
172
-gen
produce
173
174
pepsin/o-
pepsin
175
pepsin/o-gen
converted by HCl in stomach to pepsin
176
-us
pertaining to
177
pylor-
gate, pylorus
178
pylor-us
exit area of stomach
179
pylor-ic
pertaining to pylorus
180
absorpt-
to swallow
181
absorpt-ion
uptake of nutrients and water by cells in GI tract
182
an-
without
183
-orex-
appetitie
184
an-orex-ia
without an appetite; or an aversion to food
185
cecum
blind; blind pouch that is the first part of large intestine
186
cec-
cecum
187
cec-al
pertaining to cecum
188
-ia
condition
189
dys-
difficult, bad
190
-peps-
digestion
191
gastr-itis
inflammation of lining of stomach
192
gastr/o-
stomach
193
-esophag/e-
esophagus
194
gastr/o-esophag/e-al
pertaining to stomach and esophagus
195
-scope
instrument for viewing
196
gastr/o-scope
endoscope for examining the inside of stomach
197
gastr/o-scopy
endoscopic exam of stomach
198
ile-
ilem
199
ile-um
third portion of small intestine
200
ile/o-cec-al
pertaining to junction of ileum and cecum
201
in-
in, not
202
-digest-
to break down
203
in-digest-ion
symptoms resulting from difficulty in digesting food
204
jejunum
empty; segment of small intestine between the duodenum and ileum
205
jejun-
jejunum
206
jejun-al
pertaining to jejunum
207
pept-
digest
208
pept-ic
relating to stomach and duodenum
209
perforat-
bore through
210
perforat-ion
hole through the wall of structure
211
stricture
draw tight; narrowing of tube
212
celi-
abdomen
213
celi-ac
relating to abdominal cavity
214
dis-
apart
215
-ease
normal function
216
celi-ac dis-ease
disease caused by a sensitivity to gluten
217
gastr/o-enter-itis
inflammation of stomach and intestines
218
Giardia
parasite that can affect the small intestine
219
gluten
glue; insoluble protein found in wheat, barley and rye
220
ileus
intestinal colic; dynamic or mechanical obstruction of small intestine
221
intus-
within
222
-suscept-
to take up
223
intus-suscept-tion
slippage of one part of bowel inside another, causing obstruction
224
bile
fluid secreted by liver into duodenum
225
bil/i-
bile
226
bile acids
steroids synthesized from cholesterol
227
bil/i-ary
pertaining to bile or biliary tract
228
-rubin
rust colored
229
bil/i-rubin
bile pigment formed in liver from hemoglobin
230
-osis
condition
231
cirrh-
yellow
232
cirrh-osis
extensive fibrotic liver disease
233
glyc/o-gen
body's principal carb reserve, stored in liver and skeletal muscle
234
hepat-
liver
235
hepat-ic
pertaining to liver
236
hepat-itis
inflammation of liver
237
jaundice
yellow; yellow staining of tissues with bile pigments, including bilirubin
238
liver
bodys largest organ, located in the right upper quadrant of abdomen
239
ped-
foot
240
ped-al
pertaining to foot
241
provision-
provide
242
dia-
complete
243
-gnosis
knowledge of an abnormal condition
244
provision-al
temporary diagnosis pending further exam or testing
245
dia-gnosis
determination of cause of disease
246
chol/e-
bile
247
-cyst-
bladder
248
-ectomy
surgical excision
249
chol/e-cyst-itis
inflammation of gallbladder
250
chol/e-cyst-ectomy
surgical removal of gallbladder
251
-iasis
condition
252
choledoch/o-
common bile duct
253
-lith-
stone
254
choledoch/o-lith-iasis
presence of gallstone in common bile duct
255
chol/e-lith/o-iasis
condition of having bile stones (gallstones)
256
chol/e-lith/o-tomy
surgical removal of gallstones
257
endo-
within, inside
258
-crine
secrete
259
exo-
outward, outside
260
endo-crine
gland that produces an internal or hormonal substance and secreted it into bloodstream
261
exo-crine
gland that secretes substance outwardly thru excretory ducts
262
gall-
bitter
263
-stone
pebble
264
gall-stone
hard mass of cholesterol, calcium, and bilirubin that can be formed in gallbladder and bile duct
265
gallbladder
receptacle; inferior surface of liver for storing bile
266
gluc-
glucose, sugar
267
-agon
to fight
268
gluc-agon
hormone that mobilizes glucose from body storage
269
insul-
island
270
-in
chemical compound
271
insul-in
pancreatic hormone that suppressed blood glucose levels and transports glucose into cells
272
pancreas
sweebread; lobulated gland, head of which is tucked into curve of duodenum
273
pancreat-ic
pertaining to pancreas
274
pancreat-itis
inflammation of pancreas
275
-ac
pertaining to
276
celi-
abdomen
277
dis-
apart
278
-ease
normal function
279
celi-ac dis-ease
disease caused by sensitivity to gluten
280
dia-
complete
281
-rrhea
flow, discharge
282
dia-rrhea
abnormally frequent and loose stools
283
endo-
inside, within
284
-scopy
to examine, view
285
endo-scopy
use of an endoscope
286
endo-scope
instrument used to examine the interior of a tubular or hollow organ
287
-ence
forming
288
flatul-
excessive gas, flatus
289
flatul-ence
excessive amount of gas in stomach and intestines
290
flatus
blowing; gas or air expelled thru anus
291
glyc/o-gen
bodys principal carb reserve, stored in liver and skeletal muscle
292
mal-
bad, difficult
293
-absorpt-
swallow, take in
294
mal-absorpt-ion
inadequate gastrointestinal absorption of nutrients
295
portal
gate
296
portal vein
vein that carries blood from intestines to liver
297
starch
stiffen; complex carbs made of multiple units of glucose attached together
298
villus
shaggy hair; thin, hairlike projection, particularly of a mucous membrane lining a cavity
299
amin/o-
nitrogen containing
300
acid
sour
301
amin/o acid
basic building block for protein
302
chyle
juice; milky fluid that results from digestion and absorption of fats in small intestine
303
crohn disease
narrowing and thickening of terminal small intestine
304
-entery
condition of small intestine
305
dys-entery
disease with diarrhea, bowel spasms, fever and dehydration
306
-ify
to become
307
emuls-
suspend in a liquid
308
emuls-ify
break up into very small droplets to suspend in a solution
309
emuls-ion
system that contains small droplets suspended in a liquid
310
-enter-
intestine
311
lact-
milk
311
gastr/o-enter-itis
inflammation of stomach and small intestine
312
lact-eal
lymphatic vessel carrying chyle away from intestine
313
lactose
milk sugar; disaccharide in cows milk
314
lact-ase
enzyme that breaks down lactose to glucose
315
lip-ase
enzyme that breaks down fat
316
lipid
fat; general term for all types of fatty compounds (cholesterol, triglycerides, fatty acids)
317
miner-
mines
318
miner-al
inorganic compound usually found in earth's crust
319
an/o-
anus
320
-rect-
rectum
321
junct-
joining together
322
an/o-rect-al junct-ion
junction between anus and rectum
323
appendix
appendage; small blind projection from pouch of cecum
324
appendic-
appendix
325
appendic-itis
inflammation of appendix
326
append-ectomy
surgical removal of appendix
327
colon
large intestine, extending from cecum to rectum
328
col-
colon
329
col-ic
spasmodic, crampy pains in abdomen
330
col-itis
inflammation of colon
331
feces
dregs; undigested, waste material discharged from bowel
332
fec-
feces
333
fec-al
pertaining to feces
334
de-
removal
335
-ation
process
336
de-fec-ation
evacuation of feces from rectum and anus
337
flexure
bend; bend in structure
338
ileum
roll up, twist; third portion of small intestine
339
ile/o-cec-al sphincter
band of muscle that encircles the junction of ileum and cecum
340
rectum
straight; terminal part of colon from the sigmoid to anal canal
341
rect-al
pertaining to rectum
342
sigmoid
sigmoid colon is shaped like an "S"
343
bowel
sausage; another name for intestine
344
diverticul-
byroad
345
diverticul-um
pouchlike opening or sac from tubular structure
346
diverticul-osis
presence of number of small pouches in wall of large intestine
347
diverticul-itis
inflammation of the diverticula
348
fissure
slit; deep furrow or cleft
349
fistula
pipe, tube; abnormal passage
350
-rrhoid
flow
351
hem/o-
blood
352
hem/o-rrhoid
dilated rectal vein producing painful anal swelling
353
hem/o-rrhoid-ectomy
surgical removal of hemorrhoids
354
melena
black; passage of black, tarry stools
355
occult
to hide
356
occult blood
blood that cant be seen in stool but is positive on a fecal occult blood test
357
hemoccult test
trade name for fecal occult blood test
358
-um
tissue
359
periton/e-
stretch over
360
periton/e-um
membrane that lines the abdominal cavity
361
periton/e-al
pertaining to peritoneum
362
periton-itis
inflammation of peritoneum
363
polyp
foot; mass of tissue that projects into lumen of bowel
364
polyp-osis
presence of several polyps
365
polyp-ectomy
excision or removal of polyp
366
proct-
anus, rectum
367
proct-itis
inflammation of lining of rectum
368
proct/o-
anus, rectum
369
proct/o-logist
surgical specialist in disease of anus and rectum
370
-graphy
process of recording
371
angio-
blood vessel
372
angio-graphy
process of recording image of blood vessels after injection of contrast material
373
an/o-scopy
endoscopic examination of anus
374
aspirat-ion
removal by suction of fluid or gas from body cavity
375
chol-
bile
376
-angi/o-
blood vessel, lymph vessel
377
chol-angi/o-graphy
x-ray of bile ducts after injection or ingestion of contrast medium
378
colon/o-scopy
endoscopic exam of colon
379
digit-
finger or toe
380
digit-al
pertaining to finger or toe
381
endo-
within, inside
382
endo-scope
instrument to examine the inside of tubular or hollow organ
383
endo-scop-ic
pertaining to the use of an endoscope
384
endo-scopy
use of endoscope
385
enema
injection; injection of fluid into rectum
386
enter/o-
intestine
387
enter/o-scopy
exam of lining of digestive tract
388
gastr/o-scope
instrument to view inside of stomach
389
gastr/o-scopy
endoscopic exam of stomach
390
ile/o-
ileum
391
ile/o-scopy
endoscopic exam of ileum
392
lavage
to wash; washing out of hollow cavity, tube, or organ
393
pan
all
394
pan-endo-scopy
endoscopic exam of esophagus, stomach, duodenum
395
proct/o-
anus, rectum
396
proct/o-scopy
exam of inside of anus and rectum by proctoscope or rectoscope
397
re-
back
398
-sect-
cut off
399
re-sect-ion
removal of a specific part of an organ or structure
400
sigmoid/o-
sigmoid colon
401
sigmoid/o-scopy
endoscopic exam of sigmoid colon
402
append-ectomy
surgical removal of appendix
403
anastom-
join together
404
anastom-osis
surgically made union between two tubular structures
405
chol/e-
bile
406
-cyst-
bladdeer
407
chol/e-cyst-ectomy
surgical removal of gallbladder
408
-lith-
stone
409
chol/e-lith-otomy
surgical incision to remove a gallstone
410
hernia
rupture; protrusion of structure thru the tissue that normally contains it
411
hiat-
aperture
412
hiat-al
pertaining to an opening thru structure
413
inguin-
groin
414
inguin-al
pertaining to groin
415
-stomy
new opening; surgery to create an artificial opening into tubular structure
416
os-
mouth
417
col-
colon
418
col/o-stomy
artificial opening from colon to outside of body
419
ile-
ileum; artificial opening from ileum to outside of body
420
ile/o-stomy
artificial opening from ileum to outside of body
421
pancreat/o-graphy
process of recording the structure of pancreas
422
retro-
backward
423
-grade
going
424
retro-grade
reversal of a normal flow
425
stoma
mouth; artificial opening
426
ultra-
higher
427
-sound
noise
428
ultra-sound
very high frequency sound waves
429
anti-dia-rrhe-al
drug that prevents abnormally frequent and loose stools
430
anti-
against
431
-emetic
causing vomiting
432
anti-emetic
agent that prevents vomiting
433
-hist-
tissue
434
-amine
nitrogen compound
435
anti-hist-amine
drug that can be used to treat allergic symptoms or prevent vomiting
436
cach-
bad
437
-exia
condition of body
438
cach-exia
general weight loss and wasting of body
439
-oid
resembling
440
cannabin-
hemp
441
cannabin-oid
group of chemical compounds, some of which increase appetite and others treat nausea and vomiting
442
lax/a-
looseness
443
-tive
pertaining to
444
lax/a-tive
oral agent that promotes the expulsion of feces
445
-ility
condition, state of
446
mot-
to move
447
mot-ility
ability for spontaneous movement
448
proton
first
449
pump
pump
450
-or
a doer
451
inhibit-
repress
452
proton pump inhibit-or
agent that blocks production of gastric acid
453
stool
a seat; matter discharged in one movement of bowels
