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Gross Anatomy > Nervous System > Flashcards

Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

3 parts of the neuron

A

cell body, dendrite, axon

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2
Q

Dendrites

A

transmit signals to the cell body

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3
Q

Axon

A

sends signal from cell body to axon terminal to be sent to a new neuron

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4
Q

Synapse

A

sending signals from the terminal bouton across the synaptic cleft to the new neuron

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5
Q

What supplies energy for a synapse?

A

Mitochondria on pre and postsynaptic neurons

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6
Q

Golgi Preparation

A

Isolate individual neurons

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7
Q

Nissl Preparation

A

Shows cell bodies of neurons

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8
Q

Myelin Preparation

A

Stains myelinated fibers but not cell bodies or dendrites

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9
Q

H and E Preparation

A

Stains entire neuron

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10
Q

Central Nervous System

A

Brain and Spinal Cord

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11
Q

Peripheral Nervous System

A

nerves/ ganglia that are not a part of the brain or spinal cord (except CN2)

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12
Q

Clusters of neuron cell bodies

PNS vs CNS

A

PNS- Ganglia

CNS- nuclei

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13
Q

Glial Cells

A

support functions for neurons relating to nutrition, regulate extracellular environment (blood brain barrier, immune system), myelin insulation

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14
Q

Astrocytes

A

Support and repair neurons

Form Brain-blood barrier in CNS

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15
Q

Astrocyte End-feet

A

make glia limitans which coat the inner surface of pia mater

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16
Q

Microglia

A

Clean up cellular debris via phagocytosis

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17
Q

Satellite

A

Form brain-blood barrier in CNS; similar to astrocytes

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18
Q

Ependymal

A

Form epithelial lining of CNS; make cerebrospinal fluid

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19
Q

Oligodendrocytes

A

Myelinates axons of neurons in CNS

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20
Q

Schwann Cells

A

Myelinates axons of neurons in PNS

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21
Q

Dura Mater

A

Tough outermost lining that covers brain and spinal cord

22
Q

Arachnoid Mater

A

Fibrous membrane, between Dura and Pia mater

23
Q

Pia Mater

A

Innermost layer, attached to brain and spinal cord

24
Q

Forebrain

A

Anterior part; contains cerebral hemispheres, thalamus, hypothalamus
AKA proencephalon

25
Q

Hindbrain

A

Lowe part of brainstem; contains cerebellum, pons, medulla oblongata
AKA rhombencephalon

26
Q

Telencephalon

A

Cerebral hemispheres

27
Q

Diencephalon

A

Epithalamus, thalamus, hypothalamus, ventral thalamus, third ventricle

28
Q

Mesencephalon

A

midbrain; tectum, tegmentum, cerebral aqueduct, cerebral peduncles

29
Q

Metencephalon

A

Pons and cerebellum

30
Q

Myelencephalon

A

Medulla Oblongata

31
Q

Spinal Cord

A

Extends from Medulla to between 1st and 2nd Lumbar vertebrae, where it becomes a tendon

32
Q

Grey Matter

A

Contains cell bodies, dendrites, axon terminals- where synapses occur
Do not have extended axons
No myelin sheath

33
Q

White Matter

A

Made of axons that connect gray matter

Myelinated

34
Q

Node of Ranvier

A

Unmyelinated parts of axons that causes a signal to jump and speeds up the signal

35
Q

Fascicle

A

Bundle of neurons surrounded by CT

36
Q

Nerve

A

Bundle of fascicles surrounded by CT

37
Q

Epineurium

A

Dense, irregular CT that surrounds all peripheral nerves

38
Q

Perineurium

A

CT that contains flattened fibroblasts that surround each fascicle
AKA blood-brain barrier

39
Q

Endoneurium

A

loose CT within a fascicle that surrounds each axon

40
Q

What type of fibers are carried by peripheral nerve fibers?

A

Motory, sensory, autonomic

41
Q

Posterior Root of CNS

A

carries sensory signals from body back to CNS

42
Q

Anterior Root of CNS

A

carries motor signals from CNS to muscles and organs

43
Q

List the Cranial Nerves in order

A

Olfactory; Optic; Occulomotor; Trochlear; Trigeminal; Abducens; Facial; Vestibulochochlear; Glossopharyngeal; Vagus; Accessory; Hypoglossal

44
Q

Dermatome

A

Area of skin supplied by nerves from a single spinal root

45
Q

Sympathetic System

A

Emotions; Fight or Flight

46
Q

Parasympathetic System

A

Rest and Digest

47
Q

Enteric Division of ANS

A

Network of plexuses in walls of gut, move bolus through gastrointestinal tract

48
Q

Oculomotor Nerve

A

Synapse in ciliary ganglion

Innervate sphincter of pupil and ciliary muscle

49
Q

Facial Nerve

A

Synapse in pterygopalatine ganglion; Innervates lacrimal and nasal glands
Synapse in submandibular ganglion; innervates submandibular and sublingual glands

50
Q

Glossopharyngeal Nerve

A

Synapse in otic ganglion

Innervates parotid gland

51
Q

Vagus Nerve

A

Synapse in mural or intramural ganglia of heart, lungs, lower esophagus, stomach, pancreas, gall bladder, SI, ascending and transverse colon

Gross Anatomy (30 decks)

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