Kidneys Flashcards
Kidneys
excrete most metabolism waste
control water and electrolyte balance
maintain acid/base balance in blood
makes urine
Coverings of the Kidney
Fibrous Capsule
Perirenal Fat
Renal Fascia
Pararenal Fat
Renal Sinus
space within hilum
Nephron
basic functional unit
in renal medulla
renal corpuscle, proximal and distal convoluted tubule, loop of Henle,
Renal Corpuscle
glomerulus + Bowman capsule
allows water, waste, ions, small molecules to pass thru capillary wall but keeps cells and plasma in blood
Glomerulus
consists of spherical knot of capillaries which is fed by afferent arteriole and drained by efferent arteriole
Bowman Capsule
visceral layer- podocytes
parietal layer- squamous epithelium
Bowman Space
Podocytes
cover capillaries of glomerulus
have intraglomerular mesangial cells that aid in blood filtration
Glomerulus
blood flows thru its capillaries and plasma passes through the glomerular filtration barrier
filtrate collected in Bowman Space
Proximal Convoluted Tubule
drain filtrate from renal corpuscle into loop of Henle
lined w/ simple cuboidal epithelium w/ microvili
connects to renal corpuscle at urinary pole
help transport ions and reabsorb water, glucose, aa, protein, vitamins from filtrate
Descending Loop of Henle
permeable to water, chlorine, sodium ions
reabsorb water and salts
Ascending Loop of Henle
impermeable to water
pumps chlorine and sodium from tubes into medullary interstitium
Distal Convoluted Tubules
lined with cuboidal epithelal cells and no brush border
have macula densa that monitors ionic content and water volume
Remove Na+ and add K+
reabsorb bicarbonate ions and secrete ammonium to adjust pH
Collecting System
collecting tubules, collecting ducts, papillary ducts
ADH makes tubules highly water permeable
Ureters
lined with transitional epithelium
surrounded by smooth muscle and connective tissue
drain from renal pelvis and empty into bladder
