Hematology

Question 1

Extracellular fluid

Answer 1

fluid existing outside of cells

Question 2

Interstitial fluid

Answer 2

circulates within spaces between tissue cells

creates cell’s internal environment

Question 3

Homeostasis

Answer 3

normal physiological boundaries

Question 4

Functions of Blood

Answer 4

Transport- O, CO2, nutrients
Regulation- pH, temp
Protection- against blood loss and foreign toxins

Question 5

Parts of Blood

Answer 5

plasma and formed elements

Question 6

Components of Blood Plasma

Answer 6

90% H20, 10% solutes

proteins, nutrients, vitamins, hormones, electrolytes

Question 7

Formed Elements

Answer 7

erythrocytes and leukocytes and platelets

Question 8

Homopoiesis

Answer 8

making formed elements

in red bone marrow

Question 9

Hemoglobin

Answer 9

transport oxygen and CO2

Question 10

Erythropoiesis

Answer 10

making RBCs

Question 11

Erythropoietin

Answer 11

stimulates erythropoiesis

made in kidneys and liver

Question 12

Anemia

Answer 12

oxygen carrying capacity of blood is reduced through decreased number of RBCs or decreased concentration of hemoglobin

Question 13

Anemia is a sign of…..

Answer 13

hemorrhage
iron deficiency
sickle cell (hemolytic anemia)

Question 14

Leukopoiesis

Answer 14

Making WBCs

Question 15

Colony Stimulating Factors

Interleukins

Answer 15

stimulates Leukopoiesis

Question 16

White Blood Cell Functions

Answer 16

defend against pathogens
remove toxins and waste
attack abnormal cells

Question 17

Neutrophils and Monocytes

Answer 17

fight inflammation and infection via phagocytes

Question 18

Eosinophils

Answer 18

fight inflammation in allergic reaction, fight parasitic worms, and phagocytize

Question 19

Basophils

Answer 19

fight inflammation in allergic reactions

Question 20

Lymphocytes

Answer 20

T-cells (fungi, transplanted and cancer cells), B-cells (bacteria), NK cells (tumor cells)

Question 21

Platelets

Answer 21

blood clotting

Question 22

Formation of Platelets

Answer 22

requires thrombopoietin

Megakaryoblasts to Metamegakaryocytes to Platelets

Question 23

Hemostasis

Answer 23

stopping bleeding

Question 24

Phases of Hemostasis

Answer 24

Vascular Spasm
Platelet plug formation
Blood Clotting

Question 25

Vascular Spasm

Answer 25

30 min

smooth muscle of vessel wall contracts to slow blood loss

Question 26

Platelet Plug Formation

Answer 26

w/in 15 seconds after injury

platelets stick to exposed fibers and each other

Question 27

Coagulation/ Blood Clotting

Answer 27

30 sec after injury
coagulation factors
fibrin traps formed elements which makes a clot

Question 28

Requirements for Coagulation

Answer 28

Vit K- Liver to make clotting factors
Clot Retraction- pulls edges of damaged vessels closer together
Fibrinolysis- uses fibrinolysin to dissolve a clot