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Med Term > Nervous System > Flashcards

Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

Nervous impulses

A

Electrical discharges

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2
Q

Receptors

A

Sense organs

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3
Q

Central nervous system

A

Brain and spinal cord

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4
Q

Peripheral nervous system

A

Cranial nerves, spinal nerves, plexuses, autonomic nerves

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5
Q

Vagus nerve

A

10th cranial nerve carries messages to and from neck, chest, abdomen

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6
Q

Plexus

A

Large network or nerves in (PNS)

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7
Q

Sensory (afferent) nerves

A

Carry messages in relation to enviro change to spine and brain

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8
Q

Motor (efferent) nerves

A

Travel from spine and brain to muscles informing how to respond

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9
Q

Autonomic nervous system

A

Involuntary nerves carries impulses away from CNS

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10
Q

Acetylcholine

A

Internal chemical that activates the cell membranes of nerve cells

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11
Q

Sympathetic nerve

A

Stimulate in times of stress and crisis (speed up)

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12
Q

Parasympathetic nerves

A

Act as balance for sympathetic nerves (slows down)

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13
Q

Neuron

A

An individual nerve cell

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14
Q

Dendrites

A

Branching fibers of the neuron

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15
Q

Ganglia (ganglion)

A

Collection of nerve cell bodies outside the brain and spinal cord

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16
Q

Axon

A

Carries impulses away form body cell

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17
Q

Myelin sheath

A

Insulate axon and speeds up transmission of electrical impulses

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18
Q

Terminal end fibers

A

Exit pathway from cell

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19
Q

Synapse

A

Space where nervous impulses jumps from neuron to neuron

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20
Q

Nerve

A

Macroscopic see with naked eye

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21
Q

Parenchyma

A

Neurons and nerves (essential distinguishing tissue of an organ)

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22
Q

Stroma

A

Connective and supportive tissue of an organ

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23
Q

Glial cells

A

Ward off infection and make up supportive framework

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24
Q

Astrocytes

A

Star-like trans water and salt between capillaries and neurons

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25
Q

Microglial cells

A

Many branching. Protect neurons from inflammation

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26
Q

Oligodendroglial cells

A

Form myelin sheath in CNS

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27
Q

Ependymal cells

A

Line membranes in brain and spine

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28
Q

Blood-brain barrier (BBB)

A

Block harmful substances from entering brain

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29
Q

Cerebral cortex

A

Surface of cerebrum

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30
Q

Gyri

A

Folds in the brain

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31
Q

Sulci

A

Grooves in brain

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32
Q

Ventricles

A

Canals in middle of cerebrum

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33
Q

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

A

Fluid around spinal cord and through brain

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34
Q

Lumbar puncture (LP)

A

Fluid withdrawn from spine

35
Q

Thalamus

A

Maintains awareness and consciousness and decides what is important and not

36
Q

Hypothalamus

A

Controls body temp, sleep, appetite, sexual desire, emotions and regulates release of hormones from pituitary gland, monitors sympathetic/parasympathetic nervous systems

37
Q

Brainstem

A

Pons and medulla

38
Q

Cerebellum

A

Coordinates voluntary movements maintains balance/posture

39
Q

Pons

A

Connects cerebellum and cerebrum

40
Q

Medulla oblongata

A

Connects spinal cord with brain, nerve tracts side to side, regulates blood vessels heart and respiratory system

41
Q

Arachnoid membrane

A

Middle layer of 3 membranes that surround brain/spine

42
Q

Cauda equina

A

Collection of spinal nerves below end of spine

43
Q

Cell body

A

Part of nerve cell that contains nucleus

44
Q

Cerebrum

A

Largest part of brain controls muscles,vision,speech,taste,hearing,thought,memory

45
Q

Cranial nerves

A

12 pairs of nerves carry messages about head/neck

46
Q

Dura mater

A

Outer layer of meninges

47
Q

Meninges

A

3 protective membranes around brain/spine

48
Q

Neurotransmitter

A

Chemical messenger released at end of nerve cell

49
Q

Pia mater

A

Inner membrane of meninges

50
Q

Sciatic nerve

A

Nerve from base of spine down to foot

51
Q

Spinal nerves

A

31 pairs in spine

52
Q

Spina bifida

A

Unfused vertebrae that create defects in lower back (occulta skin covered and cystica outside body)

53
Q

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)

A

Degeneration of motor neurons

54
Q

Huntington disease

A

Hereditary involuntary movements

55
Q

Multiple sclerosis

A

Myelin sheath replaced by hard plaques

56
Q

Myasthenia gravis (MG)

A

Weakening of muscles

57
Q

Parkinson disease

A

Tremors, weak muscles, slow movement

58
Q

Herpes zoster (shingles)

A

Viral. Effects peripheral nerves

59
Q

HIV encephalopathy

A

Brain disease/ dementia w/ AIDS

60
Q

CT

A

Computed tomography

61
Q

MRI

A

Magnetic resonance imaging

62
Q

PET

A

Positron emission tomography scan

63
Q

Doppler ultrasound studies

A

Sound waves detect blood flow in carotid and intracranial arteries

64
Q

EEG

A

Electroencephalography (recording of electrical activity of brain)

65
Q

Lumbar puncture (LP)

A

CSF between 2 lumbar vertebra withdrawn

66
Q

Stereotactic radiosurgery

A

Instruments that locate & treat targets in brain

67
Q

Frontal lobe

A

Thought process, behavior, personality, emotion

68
Q

Parietal lobe

A

Sensations, visual/spatial perception

69
Q

Occipital lobe

A

Vision

70
Q

Wernicke area

A

Language comprehension

71
Q

Temporal lobe

A

Hearing, understanding, speech, language

72
Q

Broca area

A

Language expression

73
Q

Cerebral angiography

A

X-Ray image of arterial blood vessels in brain after injection of contrast material

74
Q

Paresthesia

A

Abnormal sensation

75
Q

Subdural hematoma

A

Collection of blood w/in meningeal layers

76
Q

Nerve cells (neurons)

A

Microscopic, collected into macroscopic nerves, carry electrical messages all over body

80
Q

Holter monitoring

A

ECG worn 24hrs to detect cardiac arrhythmias

83
Q

Cardiac catheterization

A

Detects pressures & patterns in blood flow with tube in heart through vein or artery

83
Q

Electrocardiography (ECG, EKG)

A

Recording of electricity through heart

83
Q

Cardioversion (defibrillation)

A

Discharges of electricity applied across chest to stop dysrhythmias

83
Q

Extracorporeal circulation

A

Heart-lung machine diverts blood from heart/lungs while repairing heart

83
Q

Thrombolytic therapy

A

Drugs that dissolve clots in people with coronary thrombosis

83
Q

Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR)

A

Placement of balloon aortic valve in heart by catheter

Med Term (28 decks)

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