Cardio System Flashcards
Atrioventricular bundle (His)
Connects atria with ventricles and transmits impulses
Atrioventricular node (AV node)
Tissue in wall behind atria
Atrium
One of upper chambers of heart
Capillary
Smallest blood vessel
Coronary arteries
Blood vessels branching from aorta that carry blood to heart
Electrocardiogram
Record of electricity in heart
Apex of heart
Lower tip of heart
Diastole
Relaxed phase of heart (tricuspid/mitral valves open and pulmonary/aortic valves close
Endocardium
Inner lining of heart
Endothelium
Innermost lining of blood vessel
Mitral valve
Bicuspid valve; between left atrium and left ventricle
Normal sinus rhythm
Heart rhythm in sinoatrial node 60-100 BPM
Pacemaker (sinoatrial)
Nervous tissue in right atrium begins heartbeat
Pericardium
Double-layered membrane surrounding heart
Pulmonary artery
Carries oxygen poor blood from heart to lungs
Pulmonary circulation
Flow of blood. Heart to lungs and back
Pulmonary valve
Between right ventricle and pulmonary artery
Pulmonary vein
1 of 2 pairs of vessels carry oxygenated blood from lungs to left atrium
Septum
Wall dividing a cavity
Sphygmomanometer
Measures blood pressure
Systemic circulation
Blood flow from tissue to heart and back
Systole
Contraction phase of heart beat
Tricuspid valve
Between right atrium and right ventricle; has 3 leaflets/cusps
Vena cava
Largest vein in body
Ventricle
One of 2 lower chambers of heart
Bradycardia and heart block
Failure of impulses from SA node through AV node to atrioventricular bundle
Flutter
Rapid but regular contractions
Fibrillation
Rapid, random, inefficient, irregular contractions
Coarctation of aorta
Narrowing of aorta
Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)
Passageway between aorta and pulmonary artery remains open after birth
Septal defects
Holes in wall between atria or ventricles
Tetralogy of fallot
4 heart defects caused by malformation (septal defect, thickening of wall of right ventricle, coarctation of aorta, displacement of aorta
Congestive heart failure (CHF)
Heart can’t pump enough blood
Coronary heart disease (CAD)
Disease of arteries around heart (thrombotic occlusion, emboli, ischemia, necrosis, infarction)
Veins
Thinner walls than arteries move blood toward heart
Arteries
Vessels that lead away from heart
Pathway of blood through heart
Through superior/inferior vena cava, (to heart) right atrium/tricuspid valve/right ventricle, (to lungs) pulmonary artery/lung capillaries/pulmonary vein, (back to heart) left atrium/mitral valve/left ventricle, aorta then all over body
Diastole-systole cycle
70-80 times a minutes. Heart pumps 3oz of blood each contraction (5 quarts pumped a minute)
Blood pressure
Force that blood exerts on arterial walls (systolic/diastolic)
Hypertension
BP greater than 140/90
Endarterectomy
Surgical removal of plaque from inner layer of an artery
Acute coronary syndromes (ACS)
Unstable angina, myocardial infarction
Atherosclerosis
Deposition of fatty compounds on inner lining of coronary arteries
DVT
Deep vein thrombosis
HTN
Hypertension
PVD
Peripheral vascular disease (blockage of blood vessels outside heart)
Raynaud disease
Pallor and cyanosis in fingers and toes
Petechiae
Small pinpoint hemorrhages
Varicose veins
Swollen twisted veins
Angiography
X-Ray of blood vessels after injection of contrast material
DSA
Digital subtraction angiography
Electron beam computed tomography (EBCT/EBT)
Identifies calcium deposits in/around coronary arteries
Doppler ultrasound
Measure blood flow w/in blood vessels
Echocardiography (ECHO)
Images of heart produced by echoes
