Nervous System 1-5 Flashcards
Nervous System
Main regulatory system
neur/neuro
nerve
algia
painful condition
dys
painful, difficult, bad
glycol
sugar
What are the components of a Neuron?
- Cell Body - contains the nucleus
- Dendrites - receiving input part of neuron
- Axon - conducts nerve impulse toward other neurons, a muscle cell, or a gland. (outgoing)
What are Nerves?
Bundles of individual neurons
Central Nervous System
CNS - Brain & Spinal Cord
Brain Stem
Continuation of spinal cord
Diencephalon
located deep within the brain and gives rise to thalamus, hypothalamus, and pineal gland
Cerebellum
Second largest part of the brain and is responsible for balance and coordination of muscular activity.
Cerebrum
Largest part of the brain and has a thin outer layer of “grey matter”
What is grey matter?
Unmyelinated axons
The Cranium
Bones of the skull
Meninges
Three layers of covering that encircle the brain and spinal cord.
The spinal cord has how many pairs of spinal nerves?
31
How many pairs of Cervical Nerves are there?
8
How many pairs of Thoracic Nerves are there?
12
How many pairs of Lumbar Nerves are there?
5
How many pairs of Sacral Nerves are there?
5
How many pairs of Coccygeal Nerves are there?
1
How many pairs of Cranial Nerves are there?
12
What are the signals called that are going to the spinal cord or brain?
Afferent
A-Approch
What are the signals called that are carried away from the CNS?
Efferent
E-Exit
Peripheral Nervous System
Is divided into 2 sections:
Somatic
Autonomic
Somatic
Relating to or affecting the body as distinguished from the mind. (Voluntary)
Autonomic
Innervates with smooth muscle, cardiac muscles, and glands.
Sympathetic
Fight or Flight
Parasympathetic
Rest and Digest
Brain
One of the largest organs in the body
Signals or nerve impulses that follow specific one-way routes to and from the CNS are called?
Neuronal Pathways
What is the role of the Muscle Spindle?
Measure muscle length
What is the role of the Golgi Tendon Organs?
Measure muscle tension
What is the role of the Joint Kinesthetic receptors?
Joint position and movement
Receptors that detect many different types of stimuli both within the body and outside the body
Sensory function
Integrates sensory information by analyzing and storing and by making decisions for appropriate responses.
Integrative functions
Muscular contraction or glandular secretion. Motor neurons carry information AWAY from the brain towards the spinal cord. (Efferent)
Motor Function
Gate Control Theory
- Pain signals travel to the CNS slower then Somatic sensations.
- Therefore, touch impulses reach the spinal cord before the pain impulses.
- The faster the touch impulses can then block the pain impulses thus decreasing the sensation of pain.
Clinical connection of Nervous System
- Massage enhances the development and growth of nervous tissue especially in newborn children.
- Massage increases the production and release of a number of neurotransmitters and other substances from the nervous tissue that facilitate homeostasis.
Nervous System Comparison
- Communicates by means of electrical impulses
- Reacts quickly to stimuli.
- Has relatively local and specific effects on target organs
- Adapts quickly to continual stimuli
Pathologies: Multiple Scierosis
Indicated
Cautions: May need to adjust pressure and pace of massage.
Pathologies: Meningitis
Contraindicated
Pathologies: Bell Palsy
Indicated
Pathologies: Stroke
Indicated
Cautions: As long as no other cardio vascular issues are present.
Pathologies: Fibromyalgia
Indicated
Cautions: Lighter more gentler work, nothing to taxing.
