NERVES AND VESSELS Flashcards
What are the two nervous systems
CNS (Central Nervous System)
PNS (Peripheral Nervous System)
What does the CNS include?
Brain, Brain stem, and spinal cord
What does the PNS include
All other nerves outside of the spine and spinal cord
What are afferent nerves?
(we wont talk about these much)
Travel towards the CNS (“ascending) They relay sensory information from peripheral sensory receptors to the CNS for processing
What are efferent nerves?
Travel away from CNS. Relay motor information from CNS to muscles and glands.
what vertebrae does the spinal cord end on
T12-L1
what is the conus medullaris
The point at the end of a spinal cord
what is cauda equina
sack of nerve roots. Latin for “horse tail” at the end of spinal cord.
What is the forum magnum?
Hole in base of skull where spinal cord leaves the skull to enter vertebral column
What do cranial nerves play an important role in?
Visual, respitory, digestive, cardiovascular, and motor systems
what exits the spinal canal through the intervertabral foramen
spinal nerves
what is between every cervical, thoracic, and lumbar vertebrae
intervertebral foramen
How many spinal nerves does the cervical vertebrae have?
C1-C8
How many spinal nerves does the thoracic vertebrae have?
T1-T12
How many spinal nerves does the lumbar vertebrae have?
L1-L5
How many spinal nerves does the coccygeal vertebrae have?
Co (a single nerve pair)
How many spinal nerves does the sacral vertebrae have?
S1-S5
for C1-C8, do spinal nerve roots come out above vertebrae or below
Above
For all other vertebraes, do spinal nerves come out above or below vertebrae
Below
How are vertebraes labeled
Roman Numerals
How are spinal nerves labeled
arabic numbers (1,2,3)
Define Nerve root
The part of the nerve that branches off of the spinal cord passes through the interverbral foramen and connects to peripheral nerve
Define Nerve
Once the nerve exits the IVF, it becomes the spinal nerve
What is a plexus
big network of nerves and there is none in T spine
Where does the cervical plexus cover (eg: C1-…)
C1-C4
What does the brachial plexus cover (eg: C1-…)
C5-T1
What does lumbar plexus cover (eg: L1-…)
L1-L4
What does sacral plexus cover
(eg: L1-…)
L4-S4
what does the cervical plexus innervate?
diaphragm, some neck muscles, and skin on the head, neck, and upper chest.
What does the brachial plexus innervate
the muscles of the upper limb
What does the lumbosacral plexus innervate?
Innervates the lower limbs
define muscle innervation
Each muscle has one or more nerve that predominantly controls its movement. This is termed the muscles innervation.
name 3 nerves from upper extremity that originate from brachial plexus
radial nerve, median nerve, ulnar nerve
name 2 nerves from lower extremity that originiate from lumbosacral plexus
sciatic nerve (made up of fibular nerve and tibial nerve, femoral nerve
Where does the radial nerve originate from. Is it the biggest nerve in upper extremity?
Originates from Brachial Plexus. Yes it is the biggest nerve in upper extremity.
Describe how the radial nerve wraps around.
Wraps posteriorly around mid shaft humerous. Passes anterior to lateral epicondyle. Travels postero- laterally in forearm
where does ulnar nerve originate from?
Brachial plexus
Describe how ulnar nerve wraps around
travels along medial humerous. Passes posteriorly to medial epicondyle. Travels along anteromedial forearm to medial corner of hand
Where does median nerve originate from?
Brachial Plexus
Describe how median nerve wraps around
travels along antero medial humerus (between ulnar nerve and humerus) Travels anterior to medial epicondylor. Travels along anterior forearm to base of middle of palm.
Where does sciatic nerve originate from?
Lumbosacral plexus
describe how it travels
out of pelvis between anterior sacrum and posterior ischium. Travels along postero- medial femur.
When the sciatic nerve splits above the knee, what does it split into?
Fibular Nerve and Tibial nerve
How does the Fibular nerve travel
Lateral to knee Travels around fibular neck. Down anterior fibula and ends in dorsal surface of foot
How does Tibial nerve travel?
Travels across posterior knee and posterior tibia. Travels medial to ankle joints to plantar surface of foot
where does femoral nerve originate from
lumbosacral plexus
How does the femoral nerve travel
Along medial illium, then superior/anterior to the pubic bone. Travels along femur and ends in distal thigh musculature
