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HES 120 > NERVES AND VESSELS > Flashcards

NERVES AND VESSELS Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two nervous systems

A

CNS (Central Nervous System)
PNS (Peripheral Nervous System)

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2
Q

What does the CNS include?

A

Brain, Brain stem, and spinal cord

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3
Q

What does the PNS include

A

All other nerves outside of the spine and spinal cord

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4
Q

What are afferent nerves?
(we wont talk about these much)

A

Travel towards the CNS (“ascending) They relay sensory information from peripheral sensory receptors to the CNS for processing

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5
Q

What are efferent nerves?

A

Travel away from CNS. Relay motor information from CNS to muscles and glands.

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6
Q

what vertebrae does the spinal cord end on

A

T12-L1

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7
Q

what is the conus medullaris

A

The point at the end of a spinal cord

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8
Q

what is cauda equina

A

sack of nerve roots. Latin for “horse tail” at the end of spinal cord.

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9
Q

What is the forum magnum?

A

Hole in base of skull where spinal cord leaves the skull to enter vertebral column

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10
Q

What do cranial nerves play an important role in?

A

Visual, respitory, digestive, cardiovascular, and motor systems

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11
Q

what exits the spinal canal through the intervertabral foramen

A

spinal nerves

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12
Q

what is between every cervical, thoracic, and lumbar vertebrae

A

intervertebral foramen

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13
Q

How many spinal nerves does the cervical vertebrae have?

A

C1-C8

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14
Q

How many spinal nerves does the thoracic vertebrae have?

A

T1-T12

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15
Q

How many spinal nerves does the lumbar vertebrae have?

A

L1-L5

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16
Q

How many spinal nerves does the coccygeal vertebrae have?

A

Co (a single nerve pair)

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16
Q

How many spinal nerves does the sacral vertebrae have?

A

S1-S5

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17
Q

for C1-C8, do spinal nerve roots come out above vertebrae or below

A

Above

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18
Q

For all other vertebraes, do spinal nerves come out above or below vertebrae

A

Below

19
Q

How are vertebraes labeled

A

Roman Numerals

20
Q

How are spinal nerves labeled

A

arabic numbers (1,2,3)

21
Q

Define Nerve root

A

The part of the nerve that branches off of the spinal cord passes through the interverbral foramen and connects to peripheral nerve

22
Q

Define Nerve

A

Once the nerve exits the IVF, it becomes the spinal nerve

23
Q

What is a plexus

A

big network of nerves and there is none in T spine

24
Q

Where does the cervical plexus cover (eg: C1-…)

A

C1-C4

25
Q

What does the brachial plexus cover (eg: C1-…)

A

C5-T1

26
Q

What does lumbar plexus cover (eg: L1-…)

A

L1-L4

27
Q

What does sacral plexus cover
(eg: L1-…)

A

L4-S4

28
Q

what does the cervical plexus innervate?

A

diaphragm, some neck muscles, and skin on the head, neck, and upper chest.

29
Q

What does the brachial plexus innervate

A

the muscles of the upper limb

30
Q

What does the lumbosacral plexus innervate?

A

Innervates the lower limbs

31
Q

define muscle innervation

A

Each muscle has one or more nerve that predominantly controls its movement. This is termed the muscles innervation.

32
Q

name 3 nerves from upper extremity that originate from brachial plexus

A

radial nerve, median nerve, ulnar nerve

33
Q

name 2 nerves from lower extremity that originiate from lumbosacral plexus

A

sciatic nerve (made up of fibular nerve and tibial nerve, femoral nerve

34
Q

Where does the radial nerve originate from. Is it the biggest nerve in upper extremity?

A

Originates from Brachial Plexus. Yes it is the biggest nerve in upper extremity.

35
Q

Describe how the radial nerve wraps around.

A

Wraps posteriorly around mid shaft humerous. Passes anterior to lateral epicondyle. Travels postero- laterally in forearm

36
Q

where does ulnar nerve originate from?

A

Brachial plexus

37
Q

Describe how ulnar nerve wraps around

A

travels along medial humerous. Passes posteriorly to medial epicondyle. Travels along anteromedial forearm to medial corner of hand

38
Q

Where does median nerve originate from?

A

Brachial Plexus

39
Q

Describe how median nerve wraps around

A

travels along antero medial humerus (between ulnar nerve and humerus) Travels anterior to medial epicondylor. Travels along anterior forearm to base of middle of palm.

40
Q

Where does sciatic nerve originate from?

A

Lumbosacral plexus

41
Q

describe how it travels

A

out of pelvis between anterior sacrum and posterior ischium. Travels along postero- medial femur.

42
Q

When the sciatic nerve splits above the knee, what does it split into?

A

Fibular Nerve and Tibial nerve

43
Q

How does the Fibular nerve travel

A

Lateral to knee Travels around fibular neck. Down anterior fibula and ends in dorsal surface of foot

44
Q

How does Tibial nerve travel?

A

Travels across posterior knee and posterior tibia. Travels medial to ankle joints to plantar surface of foot

45
Q

where does femoral nerve originate from

A

lumbosacral plexus

46
Q

How does the femoral nerve travel

A

Along medial illium, then superior/anterior to the pubic bone. Travels along femur and ends in distal thigh musculature

HES 120 (16 decks)

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