BONES Flashcards
What are the 5 different shapes of bones?
Long, Short, Flat, Irregular, Sesamoid Bones
What shape are long bones and what are 2 examples?
Long, Tubular in shape. 2 examples are: Humerus and Femur
What shape are short bones and what are 2 examples?
Cuboidal in shape. 2 examples are: Carpals (Hand and wrist) and tarsals (foot)
What are some examples of flat bones (2)
Bones of skull and sternum
What shape are sesamoid bones and what are the only sesamoid bones in body?
Round/oval in shape. Only ones in body are 2 in each thumb, 2 in each big toe, and the patella (2)
What are irregular bones and what is an example
Bones of various shapes, and the bones of the face are irregular
What bones are part of the axial skeletal system
Bones of the skull, vertebral column, ribs, sternum
What bones are part of the appendicular system?
Bones of the upper and lower limbs
How many cranial and facial bones does the skull contain
8 cranial and 14 facial
What cranial bones do we need to know and what facial bones do we need to know
Cranial: frontal, parietal, occipital, sphenoid temporal. Facial: maxilla, mandible
How many vertebrae in total? What is each one of them called and how many is there
7 Cervical
12 Thoracic
5 Lumbar
5 Sacral( fused as one)
4 Coccygeal (fused as one)
Definition of process
Outgrowth coming off of a bone
Definition of articular
Relating to a joint or region joint is located
Definition of Foramen
An opening or hole in bone
LUMBAR:
One special feature
Body:
Vertebral Foramen:
Transverse process:
Spinous Process:
Does it have articular process?
Special feature- largest and heaviest of them all
Body- kidney shape
Vertebral Foramen-triangular shape
Transverse process- short
Spinous process- thick, point posteriorly
Yea it does.
THORACIC:
Body:
One special feature:
Vertebral Foramen:
Transverse process:
Spinous Process:
Are costal facets only in thoracic? Y or N
Does it have articular process
Special feature: Articulate with the ribs
Heart shape
body- heart shape
Vertebral foramen- circular
transverse process- long
spinous- long and inferior pointing
Yes costal facets are only in thoracic.
Yes it does
CERVICAL:
Body:
Vertebral Foramen:
Transverse process:
Spinous Process:
Articular process:
Does it contain transverse Forman?
body- small and oval
vertebral foramen- triangular
transverse process- contains transverse foramen
spinous process- unique fork shape
articular facet- superior and inferior
Yes it does
Special features of C1
Is it atlas or axis?
does it have spinous process
does it have vertebral foramen
does it have superior articular facets
Atlas
No spinous process
yes vertebral foramen
yes superior articular facets
Special features of C2
is it atlas or axis
Does it have dens
does it have a body
does it have transverse process
does it have spinous process
Axis
yes to dens
yes to body
yes to transverse process
yes to spinous process
what is sacrum?
forms posterior wall of pelvic cavity. Has a base and apex
what does the coccyx articulate with ?
articulates with inferior articular surface of sacrum
how many pairs of ribs are there and which ones are true, false, and floating
12 pairs of ribs. 7 true, 8-12 are false, bottom 2 floating
tell me about the rib structure including the head, tubercle, and the rib shaft
Head: articulates with body of thoracic vertebrae
Tubercle: articulates with transverse process of thoracic vertebrae.
Rib shaft: anteriorly connects to sternum
What is included in the shoulder girdle
scapula and clavicle
what bones are included in the upper extremity
humerous, ulna, radius, bones of the hand
what are the three parts of the pelvis
ilium, ischium, pubis
What bones included in lower extremity
femur, tibia, fibula, bones of the feet
what is the scapula known as and what does it sit on
“shoulder blade” sits on posterior rib cage
Radius and Ulna
Radius:on the same side of your thumb
Ulna: end of ulna is olecranon which is the boney bump. The elbow is made up of 3 joints.
Thumb:
how many carpal.
How many metacarpal
How many phalanges
8 carpal
5 metacarpal
14 phalanges (proximal, middle, distal) BUT thumb only has Distal and Proximal.
What does the femur articulate to?
articulates to hip bone ( acetabulum of innominate)
where does patella articulate to?
Distal end of femur. Located in the quadriceps and tendon
What does the tibia articulate with
articulates with femur proximally and tarsal bones distally and fibula laterally.
how many tarsal, metatarsal, and phallnges does big toe( hallux) have?
7 tarsal( know calcaneus and talus)
5 metatarsals
14 phalnges
BUT big toe only had proximal and distal, no middle
What is the intervertebral disc and where is it?
A cushion of fibrocartilage and between every vertebrae.
What does the clavicle connect to?
Connects to scapula at one end (acromial) and the sternum at the other.
Is the humerous the largest bone of the upper limbs?
Yes!
Is the tibia or fibula the primary weight barrier.
Tibia
What is compact bone?
Dense bone that forms the outer shell of all bones. Surrounds sponges bone
What is sponges bone?
Forms a scaffolding- like centre of bones, which forms cavities that are filled with bone marrow
