MUSCLES

Question 1

3 types of muscle

Answer 1

skeletal ( produce joint movement/ support) , smooth (organs and blood vessels) cardiac (heart muscles)

Question 2

What is fascia

Answer 2

connective tissue that surrounds organs, muscles, bones, vessels, nerves within the body

Question 3

How does fascia change at it gets deeper?

Answer 3

loose connective tissue superficially and transitions to dense connective tissue.

Question 4

what is fascia’s role

Answer 4

to support, separate, reduce friction, and interconnect structures in body

Question 5

What does fascia form and what do they do

Answer 5

forms muscle seperators that compartmelize muscles and support nerves and vessels in the area

Question 6

Does fascia have nerves and blood vessels?

Answer 6

yes- they respond to stress like any other tissue

Question 7

define tendons

Answer 7

connection between muscles and bones. Muscles have tendon at each end

Question 8

define ligaments

Answer 8

connection between bones

Question 9

what are tendons and an example

Answer 9

fascia that surrounds the muscles blend into tendon structure. The tissue of tendons interweave with the fibers of the bone. Example is Achilles tendon

Question 10

what are ligaments

Answer 10

ligament fibers interweave into bone fibres at either end.

Question 11

what is a common ligament

Answer 11

ACL (anterior cruciate ligament)

Question 12

define origin of muscle

Answer 12

where a muscle tendon joins a relitively stable skeleteal structure.

Question 13

is the orgin of a muscle usually proximal or distal

Answer 13

proximal

Question 14

define insertion

Answer 14

point where distal muscle tendon attatches to moving bone

Question 15

is the insertion of a muscle proximal or distal

Answer 15

distal

Question 16

define function

Answer 16

when the muscle moves its insertion toward its orgin

Question 17

define concentric

Answer 17

muscle shortening causes joint movement

Question 18

define essentric

Answer 18

muscle lengthens while developing tension (slowly lowering weight)

Question 19

define isometric

Answer 19

muscle length does not change. attempts to shorten but cannot

Question 20

define joint action

Answer 20

movement that occurs at joint itself

Question 21

define muscle action

Answer 21

muscle contraction is occuring

Question 22

define agonist muscle

Answer 22

muscle in the process of contracting. can be essentric, conncentric, or isometric

Question 23

define antagonist muscle

Answer 23

muscle that opposes the agonist and relaxes when agonist contracts

Question 24

define fasicles

Answer 24

bundle of muscle fibers

Question 25

4 skeletal muscle shapes

Answer 25

parallel (fusiform vs non fusiform)
pennate (unipennate, bipennate, multipennate
convergent
circular

Question 26

describe parallel non fusiform and example

Answer 26

muscle has consistent diamter, sartorius

Question 27

describe parallel fusiform and example

Answer 27

the muscles mid belly has largest diamter and then taper at each end. Biceps brachii

Question 28

parallel muscle definition:

Answer 28

characterized by fasicles running parallel to one another. Most abundant muscle type

Question 29

pennate muscle definition:

Answer 29

tendon runs the length of muscle and fasicles pull on tendon at varying angles

Question 30

what is unipennate muscle and example

Answer 30

all fasicles on same side of tendon extensor digitorium of hand

Question 31

what is bipennate and example

Answer 31

fasicles lie on either sides of tendon rectus femoris

Question 32

what is multipennate and example

Answer 32

if central tendon splits/ more than one central tendon with pennation. deltoid

Question 33

what muscle can undergo quicker muscle contractions

Answer 33

parallel

Question 34

which muscle can generate greater force. pennate or parallel

Answer 34

pennate

Question 35

what shape are convergent muscles

Answer 35

triangular shape

Question 36

in convergent, do all muscles run parallel

Answer 36

no they do not

Question 37

in circular muscles does muscle contractions shrink or widen the opening

Answer 37

muscle contractions shrink the opening while relaxation widens it

Question 38

example of convergent muscle

Answer 38

pectoralis major

Question 39

example of circular muscle

Answer 39

orbicularis oris (kissing muscle)

Question 40

why can parallel muscles undergo quicker muscle contractions

Answer 40

because parallel pull along axis whereas pennate pull at an angle

Question 41

why can pennate muscles generate a greater force than paralell

Answer 41

because there are more fasicles per unit area.