ANKLE AND LEG

Question 1

MUSCLE NAMING ON ABSOLUTE SIZE:
What is brevis, longus, and vastus

Answer 1

brevis- short
longus-long
vastus-wide

Question 2

MUSCLE NAMING ON RELATIVE SIZE

Answer 2

Maximus/medius/minimus
Major/minor

Question 3

MUSCLE NAMING BASED ON LOCATION

Answer 3

Anterior/Posterior, Internal/External

Question 4

MUSCLE NAMING BASED ON ACTION

Answer 4

extensor/flexor, pronator/supinator

Question 5

MUSCLE NAMING BASED ON LOCATION/ BODY REGION
What is carpi, cervicis, digitorium, femoris

Answer 5

carpi- wrist area
cervicus- neck area
digitorium-fingers/toes
femoris-femur/thigh region

Question 6

MUSCLE NAMING BASED ON MUSCLE FIBER ORIENTATION
What is oblique, rectus, and transversus

Answer 6

Oblique- at an angle
Rectus- straight
Transversus- across/ transverse

Question 7

MUSCLE NAMING BASED ON NUMBER OF MUSCLE HEADS
How many heads does bicep, tricep, and quadriceps have?

Answer 7

Biceps- 2 heads
Triceps -3 heads
Quadriceps- 4 heads

Question 8

MUSCLE NAMING BASED ON MUSCLE SHAPES
What shape is Deltoid, Trapezius, Serratus

Answer 8

Deltoid- triangular
Trapezius- trapezoid
Serratus-serrated/jagged

Question 9

What are the important anatomical features of the femur

Answer 9

Head, neck, shaft
Gluteal tuberosity
Greater trochanter
Lesser trochanter
Linea aspera
adductor tubercle
Condyles (medial/lateral)

Question 10

Important anatomical features of patella

Answer 10

Apex- points inferior (attatches to patellular ligament)
Base- oriented upwards- (attatches to quadiceps region)

Question 11

Important anatomical features of tibia

Answer 11

tibial tuberosity
condyles (lateral and medial)
soleil line
medial malleolus
gerdy’s tubercle

Question 12

Important anatmoical features of fibula

Answer 12

Head, neck, and shaft
lateral malleoli

Question 13

What does each metatarsal and phalanges have?

Answer 13

Base, shaft, and head

Question 14

is the base distal or proximal (foot)

Answer 14

proximal

Question 15

Is the head distal or proximal (foot)

Answer 15

distal

Question 16

What joint type is the patellofemoral joint? What is the joint movements? What is the ligament?

Answer 16

Planar, Sliding/gliding, Patellar Ligament

Question 17

What type of joint is tibiofemoral joint?
What are the joint movements?
What are the 5 ligaments

Answer 17

Bicondylar joint
Flexion/ extension, medial/lateral rotation
1. Patellar ligament 2. lateral/fibular collateral ligament (LCL) 3. medial/tibial collateral ligament (MCL) 4. anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) 5. Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL)

Question 18

What does the ACL do? What does it stop and where does it travel

Answer 18

Stops tibia from sliding anteriorly ahead of femur. Travels anterior (tibia) to posterior (femur), attatches lateral femur

Question 19

What does the PCL do? What does it stop and where does it travel

Answer 19

Stops tibia from sliding posteriorly behind femur. Travels posterior (tibia) to anterior (femur) attatches medial femur.

Question 20

What joint type is proximal tibiofibular joint and what is the joint movement

Answer 20

Planar joint, sliding/ gliding

Question 21

What joint type is distal tibiofibular joint and what is the joint movement and what ligament does it include

Answer 21

solid joint, minimal to no movement anterior and posterior tibiofibular ligaments

Question 22

What joint type is subtalar joint and what is the joint movement

Answer 22

Plane joint and inversion, eversion (supination, pronation)

Question 23

what are the ligaments for both talocural and subtalar joints

Answer 23

Lateral: posterior talofibular, anterior talofibular
Medial: Posterior tibiotalar, anterior tibiotalar

Question 24

What are the 8 arteries we need to know

Answer 24

1. Ascending aorta
2. Aortic arch (Next slide include all the branches)
3. Thoracic aorta
4. Abdominal aorta
5. common illiac artery– external/ internal illiac artery
6. femoral artery
7. popliteal artery
8. Tibial and fibular arteries

Question 25

What are the 4 components of the aortic arch

Answer 25

a. Brachiophalic artery (only on right) b. common carotid artery c. pulmonary arteries d. subclavian artery-- axillary artery--brachial artery-- radial/ ulnar arteries

Question 26

What are the 11 veins we need to know?

Answer 26

1. superior/ inferior vena cava 2. pulmonary veins 3. brachiocephalic vein 4. subclavian vein-- (internal/external jugular veins) 5. axillary vein 6. Brachial vein- a. Ulnar vein, radial vein 7. common illiac vein 8. external/ internal iliac vein 9. femoral vein 10. popliteal vein 11. Tibial and fibular veins

Question 27

How many compartments does the anatomical leg have?

Answer 27

3- anterior, posterior, lateral

Question 28

What are the anterior and lateral compartment muscles innervated by?

Answer 28

Common fibular nerve

Question 29

What are the posterior compartment muscles innervated by

Answer 29

Tibial Nerve

Question 30

What is the Talocrural Joint. What joint type is it and what are the movements

Answer 30

Hinge joint. Plantar flexion and dorsiflexion.

Question 31

TIBIALIS ANTERIOR: What is the O, I, INN, F

Answer 31

O: Lateral Tibial Surface, I: Dorsomedial surface of Metatarsal 1, INN: Anterior Compartment F: Ankle dorsiflexiona dn inversion

Question 32

EXTENSOR DIGITORIUM LONGUS (Foot) : What is the O (2), I, INN, F (2)

Answer 32

O: Lateral tibial condyle and Medial fibular surface, I: Dorsal surface of lateral four phalanges (toes) INN: Anterior compartment of leg. F: Extension of lateral four toes and ankle dorsiflexion.

Question 33

EXTENSOR HALLUCIS LONGUS: What is the O, I, INN, F (2)

Answer 33

O: medial surface of fbula, I: dorsal surface of hallux (big toe) INN: anterior compartment of leg F: great toe flexion, ankle dorsiflexion

Question 34

FIBULARIS LONGUS: What is the O, I, INN, F (2)

Answer 34

O: upper lateral surface and head of fibula I: Plantar surface of metatarsal 1, INN: Lateral compartment of leg F: Ankle eversion and plantar flexion, Supports arch of foot

Question 35

FIBULARIS BREVIS: What is the O, I, INN, F

Answer 35

O: Lower lateral surface of fibular shaft, I: Lateral aspect of metatarsal 5 INN: Lateral compartment of leg, F: Ankle eversion and plantarflexion

Question 36

GASTROCNEMIUS: (2) HEADS: O(2), I, INN, F

Answer 36

O: Medial head- postero- medial femoral condyle, Lateral head: Postero- lateral femoral condyle, I: Posterior calcaneus via calcaneal tendon INN: Posterior compartment of leg (superficial) F: Ankle plantar flexion, aids in knee flexion.

Question 37

SOLEUS: O (2), I, INN, F

Answer 37

O: soleal line of tibia, Posterior fibular head/ neck/ shaft, I: Posterior calcaneus via chalcaneal tendon, INN: Posterior compartment of leg, F: Ankle Plantar flexion

Question 38

FLEXUS HALLUCIS: O, I, INN, F

Answer 38

O: Posterior surface of fibula, I, Plantar surface of lateral four phalanges (toes) INN: posterior compartment of leg (Deep) F: Flexes lateral four toes and ankle plantarfelxion.

Question 39

TIBIALIS POSTERIOR: O, I, INN, F

Answer 39

O: Posterior tibia and fibula, I: Plantar surface of nearly all tarsal and metatarsal bones, INN: Posterior compartment of leg (deep) F: ankle inversion and plantar flexion, Supports the medial arch