ANKLE AND LEG Flashcards
MUSCLE NAMING ON ABSOLUTE SIZE:
What is brevis, longus, and vastus
brevis- short
longus-long
vastus-wide
MUSCLE NAMING ON RELATIVE SIZE
Maximus/medius/minimus
Major/minor
MUSCLE NAMING BASED ON LOCATION
Anterior/Posterior, Internal/External
MUSCLE NAMING BASED ON ACTION
extensor/flexor, pronator/supinator
MUSCLE NAMING BASED ON LOCATION/ BODY REGION
What is carpi, cervicis, digitorium, femoris
carpi- wrist area
cervicus- neck area
digitorium-fingers/toes
femoris-femur/thigh region
MUSCLE NAMING BASED ON MUSCLE FIBER ORIENTATION
What is oblique, rectus, and transversus
Oblique- at an angle
Rectus- straight
Transversus- across/ transverse
MUSCLE NAMING BASED ON NUMBER OF MUSCLE HEADS
How many heads does bicep, tricep, and quadriceps have?
Biceps- 2 heads
Triceps -3 heads
Quadriceps- 4 heads
MUSCLE NAMING BASED ON MUSCLE SHAPES
What shape is Deltoid, Trapezius, Serratus
Deltoid- triangular
Trapezius- trapezoid
Serratus-serrated/jagged
What are the important anatomical features of the femur
Head, neck, shaft
Gluteal tuberosity
Greater trochanter
Lesser trochanter
Linea aspera
adductor tubercle
Condyles (medial/lateral)
Important anatomical features of patella
Apex- points inferior (attatches to patellular ligament)
Base- oriented upwards- (attatches to quadiceps region)
Important anatomical features of tibia
tibial tuberosity
condyles (lateral and medial)
soleil line
medial malleolus
gerdy’s tubercle
Important anatmoical features of fibula
Head, neck, and shaft
lateral malleoli
What does each metatarsal and phalanges have?
Base, shaft, and head
is the base distal or proximal (foot)
proximal
Is the head distal or proximal (foot)
distal
What joint type is the patellofemoral joint? What is the joint movements? What is the ligament?
Planar, Sliding/gliding, Patellar Ligament
What type of joint is tibiofemoral joint?
What are the joint movements?
What are the 5 ligaments
Bicondylar joint
Flexion/ extension, medial/lateral rotation
1. Patellar ligament 2. lateral/fibular collateral ligament (LCL) 3. medial/tibial collateral ligament (MCL) 4. anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) 5. Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL)
What does the ACL do? What does it stop and where does it travel
Stops tibia from sliding anteriorly ahead of femur. Travels anterior (tibia) to posterior (femur), attatches lateral femur
What does the PCL do? What does it stop and where does it travel
Stops tibia from sliding posteriorly behind femur. Travels posterior (tibia) to anterior (femur) attatches medial femur.
What joint type is proximal tibiofibular joint and what is the joint movement
Planar joint, sliding/ gliding
What joint type is distal tibiofibular joint and what is the joint movement and what ligament does it include
solid joint, minimal to no movement anterior and posterior tibiofibular ligaments
What joint type is subtalar joint and what is the joint movement
Plane joint and inversion, eversion (supination, pronation)
what are the ligaments for both talocural and subtalar joints
Lateral: posterior talofibular, anterior talofibular
Medial: Posterior tibiotalar, anterior tibiotalar
What are the 8 arteries we need to know
- Ascending aorta
- Aortic arch (Next slide include all the branches)
- Thoracic aorta
- Abdominal aorta
- common illiac artery– external/ internal illiac artery
- femoral artery
- popliteal artery
- Tibial and fibular arteries
What are the 4 components of the aortic arch
a. Brachiophalic artery (only on right)
b. common carotid artery
c. pulmonary arteries
d. subclavian artery– axillary artery–brachial artery– radial/ ulnar arteries
What are the 11 veins we need to know?
- superior/ inferior vena cava
- pulmonary veins
- brachiocephalic vein
- subclavian vein– (internal/external jugular veins)
- axillary vein
- Brachial vein- a. Ulnar vein, radial vein
- common illiac vein
- external/ internal iliac vein
- femoral vein
- popliteal vein
- Tibial and fibular veins
How many compartments does the anatomical leg have?
3- anterior, posterior, lateral
What are the anterior and lateral compartment muscles innervated by?
Common fibular nerve
What are the posterior compartment muscles innervated by
Tibial Nerve
What is the Talocrural Joint. What joint type is it and what are the movements
Hinge joint. Plantar flexion and dorsiflexion.
TIBIALIS ANTERIOR: What is the O, I, INN, F
O: Lateral Tibial Surface, I: Dorsomedial surface of Metatarsal 1, INN: Anterior Compartment F: Ankle dorsiflexiona dn inversion
EXTENSOR DIGITORIUM LONGUS (Foot) : What is the O (2), I, INN, F (2)
O: Lateral tibial condyle and Medial fibular surface,
I: Dorsal surface of lateral four phalanges (toes) INN: Anterior compartment of leg. F: Extension of lateral four toes and ankle dorsiflexion.
EXTENSOR HALLUCIS LONGUS: What is the O, I, INN, F (2)
O: medial surface of fbula, I: dorsal surface of hallux (big toe) INN: anterior compartment of leg
F: great toe flexion, ankle dorsiflexion
FIBULARIS LONGUS: What is the O, I, INN, F (2)
O: upper lateral surface and head of fibula I: Plantar surface of metatarsal 1,
INN: Lateral compartment of leg
F: Ankle eversion and plantar flexion, Supports arch of foot
FIBULARIS BREVIS: What is the O, I, INN, F
O: Lower lateral surface of fibular shaft, I: Lateral aspect of metatarsal 5
INN: Lateral compartment of leg,
F: Ankle eversion and plantarflexion
GASTROCNEMIUS: (2) HEADS: O(2), I, INN, F
O: Medial head- postero- medial femoral condyle,
Lateral head: Postero- lateral femoral condyle,
I: Posterior calcaneus via calcaneal tendon
INN: Posterior compartment of leg (superficial)
F: Ankle plantar flexion, aids in knee flexion.
SOLEUS: O (2), I, INN, F
O: soleal line of tibia, Posterior fibular head/ neck/ shaft, I: Posterior calcaneus via chalcaneal tendon, INN: Posterior compartment of leg, F: Ankle Plantar flexion
FLEXUS HALLUCIS: O, I, INN, F
O: Posterior surface of fibula, I, Plantar surface of lateral four phalanges (toes) INN: posterior compartment of leg (Deep) F: Flexes lateral four toes and ankle plantarfelxion.
TIBIALIS POSTERIOR: O, I, INN, F
O: Posterior tibia and fibula, I: Plantar surface of nearly all tarsal and metatarsal bones, INN: Posterior compartment of leg (deep) F: ankle inversion and plantar flexion, Supports the medial arch
