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Immunology > Neoplasia > Flashcards

Neoplasia Flashcards

1
Q

Any mass lesion

A

Tumor

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2
Q

Tissue native to the location but disorganized

A

Hamartoma

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3
Q

Normal tissue in wrong location

A

Ectopia

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4
Q

Neoplasm containing all 3 embryonic layers

A

Teratoma

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5
Q

Teratomas typically arise in midline structure from these

A

Germ cells
(gonads, retroperitoneum, mediastinum, pineal region)

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6
Q

Teratomas most commonly arise in these

A

gonads

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7
Q

“Mature” indicates a teratoma is

A

Benign

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8
Q

“Immature” indicates a teratoma is

A

Malignant

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9
Q

Autonomous growth of native tissue, independent of normal growth regulation

A

Neoplasm

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10
Q

Neoplasms involve this type of clonal proliferation initially

A

Monoclonal
(common for additional mutations to arise, oligoclonality within a neoplasm)

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11
Q

Common suffix for benign neoplasms

A

“-oma”

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12
Q

Lymphoma is this type of tumor of lymphocytes

A

Malignant
(is an exception, as “-oma” typically indicates benign neoplasms)

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13
Q

Melanoma is this type of tumor of melanocytes

A

Malignant
(is an exception, as “-oma” typically indicates benign neoplasms)

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14
Q

Mesothelioma is this type of tumor of mesothelium

A

Malignant
(is an exception, as “-oma” typically indicates benign neoplasms)

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15
Q

Seminoma is this type of tumor of germ cells

A

Malignant
(is an exception, as “-oma” typically indicates benign neoplasms)

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16
Q

Benign tumor of skeletal muscle

A

Rhabdomyoma

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17
Q

Benign tumor of smooth muscle

A

Leiomyoma

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18
Q

Benign tumor of fibroblasts

A

Fibroma

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19
Q

Benign tumor of fat

A

Lipoma

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20
Q

Benign tumor of bone

A

Osteoma

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21
Q

Benign tumor of blood vessels

A

Angioma

22
Q

Benign tumor of glands

A

Adenoma

23
Q

Benign tumor of melanocytes

A

Nevus

24
Q

Malignant tumor of mesenchyme

A

Sarcoma

25
Q

Malignant WBCs in circulating blood or bone marrow

A

Leukemia

26
Q

Malignant WBCs in lymph node

A

Lymphoma

27
Q

Malignant tumor of epithelium

A

Carcinoma

28
Q

Morphologic variation within a population of cells

A

Pleomorphism

29
Q

Describes individual cells that have abnormal morphology

A

Atypia
(e.g. nucleus enlarged, irregular nuclear shape, irregular chromatin distribution)

30
Q

Sarcoma and glioma tend to be this type of mutations

A

Sporadic
(radiation, age, inherited syndromes)

31
Q

Myeloid neoplasms tend to be this

A

Sporatic

32
Q

Lymphoid neoplasms tend to be this

A

Sporadic
But may arise within sites of chronic inflammation

33
Q

Carcinoma neoplasms tend to be this type of mutation

A

Sporadic
But environmental factors play a bigger role with epithelial malignancy

34
Q

Disordered growth

A

Dysplasia
Sometimes arises out of metaplasia

35
Q

Term for severe dysplasia which is not yet invading
No potential for metastasis

A

Carcinoma in situ

36
Q

Change of one epithelial type to another
Seen at sites of chronic irritation or inflammation
May regress if stimulus is removed
May evolve into dysplasia and/or malignancy

A

Metaplasia

37
Q

Morphologic change due to genetic alterations
Non-obligate pre-malignant change

A

Dysplasia

38
Q

Non-obligate precursor to invasive carcinoma
Still above/within basement membrane

A

Carcinoma in situ

39
Q

Key feature of malignancy
Most reliable feature with exception of metastasis

A

Invasion

40
Q

Type of tumors that expand and push tissue; encapsulated by compressed tissue

A

Benign

41
Q

Type of tumors that infiltrate tissues; poorly demarcated

A

Malignant

42
Q

3 pathways of metastasis

A

Lymphatic
Hematogenous
Seeding of body cavities

43
Q

Most common route of metastasis for carcinomas

A

Lymphatic

44
Q

Most common route of metastasis for sarcoma

A

Hematogenous

45
Q

Lymphatic metastasis is most common route for this

A

Carcinomas

46
Q

Hematogenous metastasis is most common route for this

A

Sarcoma

47
Q

Hematogenous metastasis in general follow this

A

Venous blood flow
Deposit in liver (portal damage) and lungs (caval drainage) most commonly
Bone is also a favorite

48
Q

Common route of metastasis for mesothelioma and carcinomas of ovary (also pancreas, lung)

A

Seeding of body cavities

49
Q

Seeding of body cavities is the most common route of metastasis for this

A

Mesothelioma
and carcinomas of ovary
(also pancreas, lung)

50
Q

Pathway of metastasis that frequently results in fluid accumulation
(pleural effusion, ascites)

A

Seeding of body cavities

Immunology (21 decks)

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