Neoplasia Flashcards
Any mass lesion
Tumor
Tissue native to the location but disorganized
Hamartoma
Normal tissue in wrong location
Ectopia
Neoplasm containing all 3 embryonic layers
Teratoma
Teratomas typically arise in midline structure from these
Germ cells
(gonads, retroperitoneum, mediastinum, pineal region)
Teratomas most commonly arise in these
gonads
“Mature” indicates a teratoma is
Benign
“Immature” indicates a teratoma is
Malignant
Autonomous growth of native tissue, independent of normal growth regulation
Neoplasm
Neoplasms involve this type of clonal proliferation initially
Monoclonal
(common for additional mutations to arise, oligoclonality within a neoplasm)
Common suffix for benign neoplasms
“-oma”
Lymphoma is this type of tumor of lymphocytes
Malignant
(is an exception, as “-oma” typically indicates benign neoplasms)
Melanoma is this type of tumor of melanocytes
Malignant
(is an exception, as “-oma” typically indicates benign neoplasms)
Mesothelioma is this type of tumor of mesothelium
Malignant
(is an exception, as “-oma” typically indicates benign neoplasms)
Seminoma is this type of tumor of germ cells
Malignant
(is an exception, as “-oma” typically indicates benign neoplasms)
Benign tumor of skeletal muscle
Rhabdomyoma
Benign tumor of smooth muscle
Leiomyoma
Benign tumor of fibroblasts
Fibroma
Benign tumor of fat
Lipoma
Benign tumor of bone
Osteoma
Benign tumor of blood vessels
Angioma
Benign tumor of glands
Adenoma
Benign tumor of melanocytes
Nevus
Malignant tumor of mesenchyme
Sarcoma
Malignant WBCs in circulating blood or bone marrow
Leukemia
Malignant WBCs in lymph node
Lymphoma
Malignant tumor of epithelium
Carcinoma
Morphologic variation within a population of cells
Pleomorphism
Describes individual cells that have abnormal morphology
Atypia
(e.g. nucleus enlarged, irregular nuclear shape, irregular chromatin distribution)
Sarcoma and glioma tend to be this type of mutations
Sporadic
(radiation, age, inherited syndromes)
Myeloid neoplasms tend to be this
Sporatic
Lymphoid neoplasms tend to be this
Sporadic
But may arise within sites of chronic inflammation
Carcinoma neoplasms tend to be this type of mutation
Sporadic
But environmental factors play a bigger role with epithelial malignancy
Disordered growth
Dysplasia
Sometimes arises out of metaplasia
Term for severe dysplasia which is not yet invading
No potential for metastasis
Carcinoma in situ
Change of one epithelial type to another
Seen at sites of chronic irritation or inflammation
May regress if stimulus is removed
May evolve into dysplasia and/or malignancy
Metaplasia
Morphologic change due to genetic alterations
Non-obligate pre-malignant change
Dysplasia
Non-obligate precursor to invasive carcinoma
Still above/within basement membrane
Carcinoma in situ
Key feature of malignancy
Most reliable feature with exception of metastasis
Invasion
Type of tumors that expand and push tissue; encapsulated by compressed tissue
Benign
Type of tumors that infiltrate tissues; poorly demarcated
Malignant
3 pathways of metastasis
Lymphatic
Hematogenous
Seeding of body cavities
Most common route of metastasis for carcinomas
Lymphatic
Most common route of metastasis for sarcoma
Hematogenous
Lymphatic metastasis is most common route for this
Carcinomas
Hematogenous metastasis is most common route for this
Sarcoma
Hematogenous metastasis in general follow this
Venous blood flow
Deposit in liver (portal damage) and lungs (caval drainage) most commonly
Bone is also a favorite
Common route of metastasis for mesothelioma and carcinomas of ovary (also pancreas, lung)
Seeding of body cavities
Seeding of body cavities is the most common route of metastasis for this
Mesothelioma
and carcinomas of ovary
(also pancreas, lung)
Pathway of metastasis that frequently results in fluid accumulation
(pleural effusion, ascites)
Seeding of body cavities
