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Immunology > Mucosal Immunology > Flashcards

Mucosal Immunology Flashcards

1
Q

Inhibiting Fc receptor

A

FcyRIIB1

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2
Q

These type of B cells preferentially respond when host has previously encountered antigen

A

Memory B cells

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3
Q

How are memory B cells preferentially utilized with a previously encountered antigen?

A

Naive B cells are cross-linked (with IgG) via the FcyRIIB receptor, which sends a negative signal through ITIM

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4
Q

Why does the original antigenic sin occur?

A

Because memory B cells preferentially respond over naive lymphocytes

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5
Q

Term for the body’s first encounter with a virus, which can forever “bias” the immune response to produce antibodies tailored to the initial strain in an exposure, regardless of subsequent infections with other strains or vaccine boosters

A

original antigenic sin

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6
Q

Type of tissues that include thin epithelial layers that are exposed to the external environment

A

Mucosal tissues

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7
Q

Epithelial layers are protected by this, which contains glycoproteins, proteoglycans, peptides, and enzymes that act as barriers to infection

A

Mucus

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8
Q

Secondary lymphoid organs of the small intestine
These form small dome-like structures that contain B cell follicles and are similar to the germinal centers in lymph nodes

A

Peyer’s patches

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9
Q

Where are Peyer’s patches found?

A

Small intestine

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10
Q

Type of cell that transports antigens across the tightly-packed eptihelial layer to gut-associated lymphoid tissue
Capture bacteria from the gut lumen and deliver them and their antigens to dendritic cells and lymphocytes in the Peyer’s patch

A

Microfold (M) cells

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11
Q

Microfold (M) cells transport antigen from here and deliver them to this

A

Transport antigen from gut lumen and deliver them to Peyer’s patches

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12
Q

Highly specialized secretory epithelial cells located in the small intestinal crypts
Produce inactive precursors of alpha and beta defensins (cationic peptides that damage negatively-charged membranes)

A

Paneth cells

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13
Q

Paneth cells produce these

A

Inactive precursors of alpha and beta defensins

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14
Q

Paneth cells are found here

A

Small intestinal crypts

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15
Q

Type of cells that can extend processes across the epithelial layer to capture antigen from the lumen of the gut
Can reach between two epithelial cells to capture antigen independent of M cells

A

Dendritic cells

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16
Q

Sites for localized production of dimeric IgA and transport of these antibodies across mucosal surfaces (pIgR)

A

Mucosal surfaces

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17
Q

Are neutrophils commonly found at mucosal sites?

A

No; don’t want inflammation

18
Q

Macrophages and DCs at mucosal sites do not express these
Also don’t produce inflammatory cytokines and/or establish strong Th1 type immunity

A

Do not express TLRs
This helps to limit the spread of a pathogen while also limiting inflammation at these sites

19
Q

Attraction of naive B and T cells to Peyer’s patches involves these 2 chemokines

A

CCL21 and CCL19

20
Q

Receptor on naive lymphocytes for chemokines CCL21 and CCL19

A

CCR7

21
Q

Naive lymphocytes enter Peyer’s patches via this

A

High endothelial venule (HEV)

22
Q

Naive lymphocytes that do not interact with their specific Ag leave the Peyer’s patches and enter this

A

Mesenteric lymph node

23
Q

If naive lymphocytes fail to recognize their specific Ag in either Peyer’s patches or Mesenteric lymph node, they return to circulation via this

A

Efferent lymph

24
Q

CCL21 and CCL19 are involved in this

A

Attraction of naive B and T cells to Peyer’s patches

25
Q

Activated lymphocytes leave the Peyer’s patches and travel back to the bloodstream, and they express this chemokine receptor which homes them to distant mucosa sites

A

CCR9 chemokine receptor

26
Q

CCR9 is a chemokine receptor on activated lymphocytes that binds this

A

CCL25

27
Q

2 interactions involved in the recruitment of activated lymphocytes to distance sites (common mucosal system)

A

CCR9:CCL25
a4:B7:MAdCAM-1

28
Q

Interaction that allows gut-homing effector T cells to bind to intestinal vascular endothelium and enter the lamina propria

A

a4:B7:MAdCAM-1

29
Q

Interaction in the lamina propria where gut-homing T cells bind to chemokines expressed by the intestinal epithelium

A

CCL25:CCR9

30
Q

What is the function of the a4:B7:MAdCAM-1 interaction?

A

Chemotaxis that homes activated lymphocytes to distant mucosal sites (common mucosal system)

31
Q

What is the function of the CCL25:CCR9 interaction?

A

Homing of activated lymphocytes to distant sites (common mucosal system)

32
Q

CD8+ cytotoxic T cells that intercalate into the epithelial layer in a ratio of 1 per 7-10 epithelial cells
Are antigen specific, and they use chemokine receptors and adhesion molecules to position themselves between epithelial cells
Contain intracellular granules, and can express either a:B or y:S T cell receptors along with their CD8 co-receptor
Gamma delta (y:S) T cells are usually associated with mucosal surfaces

A

Intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL)

33
Q

What are Intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL)?

A

CD8+ cytotoxic T cells that intercalate into the epithelial layer

34
Q

Class of Ig that has multiple sites for pathogen interaction across epithelial cells
(from the lamina propria, endosomes, gut surface, M cell surface; apical surface, basolateral surface, and intracellularly)

A

IgA

35
Q

Process where IgA molecules are transported from the basolateral surface of mucosal epithelium to the apical surface

A

Transcytosis

36
Q

IgA can deliver Ag from the apical surface to the basolateral surface via these

A

M cells

37
Q

Why are individuals with selective IgA deficiency relatively healthy?

A

Other isotypes (including IgM) compensate at mucosal sites

38
Q

The most common primary immunodeficiency

A

Selective IgA deficiency

39
Q

These cells predominate in the mucosal immune system even in the absence of infection

A

Activated effector T cells

40
Q

Bacteria gain access to lamina propria by this

A

endocytosis

41
Q

Do bacteria activate macrophages in mucosal tissues?

A

yes, but do not cause inflammation

42
Q

In mucosal tissues, dendritic cells travel here to activate adaptive immunity

A

Mesenteric lymph node

Immunology (21 decks)

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