Navigation Flashcards
This is the process of piloting the aircraft from one geographic location to another while determining one’s position as the flight progresses
Air Navigation
This is done through the use of aeronautical charts. and “visual references” - landmarks or waypoints
Pilotage
This is navigation solely by means of computations baed on time, airspeed, distance, and direction through the use of a flight computer
Dead Reckoning (Deduced Reckoning)
What are the products derived from dead reckoning when adjusted by wind speed and velocity?
Heading and groundspeed
This takes the aircraft along the intended path
Heading
This establishes the time to arrive at each waypoint and the destination
Groundspeed
This is done through the use of Radio Navigational Aids (VOR, NDB-ADF, etc.)
Radio Navigation
This is done through the use of the satellite systems
GPS Navigation
This is navigating by using the position of the stars
Celestial Navigation
Navigation is provided by measurements of accelerometers and gyroscopes
Intertial Navigation
What are the four types of Aeronautical Charts?
- World Aeronautical Chart (WAC)
- Sectional Chart
- VFR Terminal Area Chart
- Aerodrome Chart
This provides information which allows pilots to track their position and provides available information which enhances safety
Aeronautical Chart
Under VFR, the ______________ is the road map for pilots
Aeronautical Chart
This is designed to provide a standard series of aeronautical charts, covering land areas of the world, at a size and scale convenient for navigation by moderate speed aircraft
World Aeronautical Chart (WAC)
What is the scale of World Aeronautical Charts?
1:1,000,000 where in 1 inch = 13.7 nautical miles
These charts are like sectional charts except there is less detail due to the smaller scale
World Aeronautical Chart (WAC)
This is the most common chart used by pilots today
Sectional Chart
What is the scale for sectional chart?
1:500,000 wherein 1 inch = 6.86 nautical miles
What are the information provided by a sectional chart?
- Airport data
- Navigational aids
- Airspace
- Topography
They are helpful when flying in or near Class B airspace and provides a more detailed display of topographical information
VFR Terminal Area Chart
What is the scale of a VFR Terminal Area Chart?
1: 250,000 where in 1 inch = 3.42 NM
This chart contains detailed aerodrome data to provide flight crew with information that will facilitate the ground movement of aircraft: from the aircraft stand to the runway; and from the runway to the aircraft stand
Aerodrome Chart
This is an imaginary line which divides the world into two parts horizontally
Equator
What is the upper part and southern part of the Equator?
Northern hemisphere and Southern Hemisphere
This is an imaginary line dividing the earth into two parts vertically
Prime Meridian
They are imaginary lines passing from the North Pole to the South Pole and are also called as Meridians
Longitudes
This is a method that enables every location on the Earth to be specified by a set of numbers
Coordinate System
How many minutes are there in each degree for coordinate system?
60 minutes
What does headwind component do?
Decreases our ground speed
What does tailwind component do?
Increases our ground speed
What does Crosswind component do?
Causes our airplane to drift off our intended course
Formula for TOC or Top of Climb
ETE = Altitude to Gain - Current Altitude/ rate of Climb
Formula for TOD or Top of Descent
ETE= Current Altitude - Altitude to Lose/ Rate of Descent
What rule do you follow when you are in a level cruising flight more than 3,000 feet above the surgace?
VFR Cruising altitude rule (Half-Moon Principle)
What are the 5 C’s for lost procedure?
- Climb - increase your altitude for better visual
- Conserve - Conserver your fuel
- Confess - confess to yourself and accept that you are lost
-Communicate - use the services of the ATC - Comply - follow instructions given
This is simply a request from the Flight Service Station (FSS) or Air Traffic Control (ATC) which initiates a search for you if they have noy heard from you by a certain time
VFR Flight Plan
This consists of a stationary portion with a flat circular portion attached and it can be turned
Calculator side
This is used to represent distance, or corrected (true) altitude, depending on the calculation being performed
Outer Scale
This is used to represent time, calibrated or indicated airspeed, and calibrated or indicated altitude, depending on the calculation being performed
Inner Scale
This is used as a reference to a rate such as knots or gallons per hour
Index
