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Commercial Pilot Ground Course (or Private Pilot Ground Course) > Aircraft Instruments Pt 2. > Flashcards

Aircraft Instruments Pt 2. Flashcards

Vertical Speed Indicator-

1
Q

This instrument indicated whether the aircraft is climbing, descending, or in level flight. Measures rate of pressure change.

A

Vertical Speed Indicator

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2
Q

An immediate indication of an increase or decrease in the aircraft’s rate of climb or descent

A

Trend Information

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3
Q

Shows a stabilized rate of change in altitude

A

Rate Information

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4
Q

State the instrument errors of a vertical speed indicator

A
  • It inherently lags 6-9 seconds to stabilize which will inhibit accurate readings during turbulence or abrupt control movements
  • A blocked static port will give a zero indication
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5
Q

The vertical speed indicator indicates the rate of climb or descent and is indicated in what?

A

feet per minute

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6
Q

Through this, the air leaves the instrument case slower than the diaphragm and allows for a stabilized indication of pressure change on the face of the instrument

A

Calibrated leak

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7
Q

As pressure drops, the diaphragm compresses, indicating a ________

A

climb

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8
Q

As the pressure increases, the diaphragm expands, indicating a _________

A

descent

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9
Q

Write down the pitot-static instruments table

A

check your ppt

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10
Q

This is also known as Gyroscopic Instruments

A

Vacuum Instruments

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11
Q

Where does the vacuum instruments get readings from?

A

Gyroscope

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12
Q

What are the vacuum instruments

A
  • Attitude Indicator (AI)
  • Turn Coordinator (TC)
  • Heading Indicator (HI)
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13
Q

It is a spinning wheel or disc in which the axis of rotation is free to assume any orientation by itself

A

Gyroscope

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14
Q

What are the two principles the gyroscope operates based on?

A

Rigidity in Space
Gyroscopic Precession

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15
Q

The gyroscope remains in a fixed position in the plane in which it is spinning

A

Rigidity in Space

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16
Q

It is the tilting or turning of gyroscope in response to a deflective force

A

Gyroscopic Precession

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17
Q

When does the reaction to the gyroscopic precession occur?

A

Occurs at a point that is 90 degrees later in the direction of rotation

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18
Q

What are sources of power for vacuum instruments?

A

Vacuum- Driven Gyroscope
- Attitude Indicator
- Heading Indicator

Electrically Driven Gyroscope
-Turn Coordinator

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19
Q

This states if the amount of air in the gyroscopic instruments is accurate

A

Suction Gauge

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20
Q

What is the amount of suction in the suction gauge? and what does LOW and HIGH mean

A

4.5 - 5.5 inHg

Low = gyro is unstable and responds slowly
High = gyro spins too fast and be damaged

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21
Q

What was the attitude indicator originally called?

A

Artificial Horizon Indicator

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22
Q

It is a type of instrument used to reference the aircraft’s pitch and bank against an artificial horizon

A

Attitude Indicator

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23
Q

This senses pitch and roll movement

A

Attitude Indicator

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24
Q

The position of the airplane’s nose or wings in relation to the natural horizon

A

Attitude

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25
Q

The instrument gives immediate and direct indication of the aircraft’s orientation

A

Attitude Indicator

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26
Q

The attitude indicator operate on what principle?

A

Principle of rigidity in space

27
Q

This instrument error for an attitude indicator shows that _______________ may cause a slight pitch up indication

A

Accelerations

28
Q

This instrument error for an attitude indicator shows that _______________ may cause a slight pitch down indication

A

Decelerations

29
Q

The attitude indicator should not bank more than _____ in taxi turns

30
Q

This is also called a directional gyro, used to determine aircraft direction to aid the pilot in navigation

A

Heading Indicator

31
Q

It is fundamentally a mechanical instrument designed to facilitate the use of the magnetic compass

A

Heading Indicator

32
Q

This is used to align the heading indicator with the magnetic compass

A

Adjustment knob

33
Q

A heading indicator displays headings based on a ________________ with the final zero omitted

A

360° azimuth

34
Q

State an instrument error for the heading indicator

A
  • Friction: the heading indicator creeps or drifts from its set position. If the bearings are worn, dirty, or improperly lubricated, the drift may be excessive. The amount of drift depends largely upon the condition of the instrument
  • Precession: The Earth rotates in space at a rate of 15° in 1 hour. Thus, the heading indicator may indicate as much as 15° error per every hour of operation
35
Q

What are the two types of turn indicators?

A
  • Turn-and-slip indicator
  • Turn coordinator
36
Q

This consists of a liquid-filled curved tube with a ball inside which states the coordination. This is used to determine quality of a turn.

A

Inclinometer

37
Q

The gyro in this indicator rotates in the vertical plane corresponding to the aircraft’s longitudinal axis

A

Turn and slip indicator

38
Q

Its gyro can sense both rate of roll and rate of turn

A

Turn Coordinator

39
Q

Turn coordinators provide their readings with a _________________ mounted at a 30° angle.

A

Canted gyroscope

40
Q

What does “2 MIN” printed in the turn coordinator?

A

Means standard rate turn held for 2 minutes would result in a 360 degree turn

41
Q

It is also called Slip indicator. Used to depict aircraft yaw, which is the side-to-side movement of the aircraft’s nose

A

Inclinometer

42
Q

This is backup components or instruments for when an instrument fails or malfunctions

A

Redundancy

43
Q

What is the standard rate of turn?

A

3° per second

44
Q

The rate of turn is too slow for the angle of the bank, and the ball moves to the inside of the turn

45
Q

The rate of turn is too great for the angle of bank, and the ball moves to the outside of the turn

46
Q

State an instrument check for turn coordinator

A
  • During pre-flight, ensure that the inclinometer is full of fluid and has no air bubbles
  • The ball should be resting at its lowest point
  • When taxiing, the turn coordinator should indicate a turn in the correct direction while the ball moves opposite the direction of the turn
47
Q

This displays airplane magnetic heading

A

Magnetic compass

48
Q

It is a self contained unit which does not require eletrical or suction power

A

Magnetic compass

49
Q

State the magnetic compass errors

A
  • Magnetic Variation
  • Deviation
  • Magnetic Dip
    • Acceleration/ Deceleration Errors
    • Turning Errors
50
Q

This is because of the angular difference between the true north and magnetic north

A

Magnetic Variation

51
Q

Lines of equal variation

A

Isogonic line

52
Q

Line of zero magnetic variation

A

Agonic line

53
Q

This is caused by magnetic fields produced by metal and electrical accessories within the airplane

A

Deviation Error

54
Q

These magnetic fields distort the Earth’s magnetic force, and cause the compass to swing away from the correct heading and points toward local magnetic fields

A

Deviation Error

55
Q

This is the result of the vertical component of the Earth’s magnetic field

A

Magnetic Dip

56
Q

This is responsible for compass errors during acceleration, deceleration, and turns

A

Magnetic Dip

57
Q

They are most apparent when making shallow turns to or from a heading of North or South

A

Turning Errors

58
Q

This error increases as the poles are neared and magnetic dip becomes more apparent

A

Turning Errors

59
Q

What does UNOS stand for?

A

U- Undershoot (Compass Lags)
N- North
O- Overshoot
S- South

60
Q

This is the effect of inertia and is evident on headings of East or West

A

Acceleration Error

61
Q

If aircraft is accelerated on an East or West heading, the compass will indicate a turn to the _______

62
Q

If the aircraft is decelerated on an East or West heading, the compass will indicate a turn to the _______

63
Q

ANDS

A

A- Accelerate
N- North
D- Decelerate
S- South

Commercial Pilot Ground Course (or Private Pilot Ground Course) (21 decks)

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