Aircraft Instruments Flashcards
This is also known as “Pressure Instruments”
Pitot-Static Instruments
This is a French Hydraulic engineer who invented the Pitot Tube
Henri Pitot
This measures the dynamic pressure
Pitot Tube
This is the source of total pressure
Pitot Tube
This is also known as ambient pressure
Static Pressure
It is always present whether an aircraft is moving or not. This is the pressure of the atmosphere around the object
Static pressure
This is also known as impact pressure
Dynamic pressure
This is the pressure caused by air moving against an object
Dynamic pressure
This measures the static pressure. This is vented through small holes to the free undisturbed air on the side(s) of the aircraft
Static Port
This is a sensitive, differential pressure gauge which measures and promptly indicates the difference between pilot (dynamic) pressure and static pressure.
Airspeed Indicator
This is captured through the pitot tube and will be flowing into the diaphragm.
Ram air
What is ram air registered as?
Dynamic pressure
This is captured through the static ports located on the side of the fuselage and will be going inside the instrument casing.
Static Pressure
What is the label for power-off stall speed in the landing configuration
Vs0
What is the label for Maximum flap extended speed
Vfe
What is the label for Power-off stall speed with clean configuration
Vs1
What is the label for Maximum structural cruising speed for normal operation?
Vno
The label for aircraft manufacturing speed
VA
The label for Landing Gear Extended speed
VLE
The label for Landing Gear Operation Speed
VLO
The label for Best glide speed
VGlide
Label for best angle of climb speed
Vx
Label for best rate of climb speed
Vy
This gives the greatest altitude gain in the shortest horizontal distance
Best angle of climb (vx)
This gives the greatest altitude gain in the shortest time
Best rate of climb (vy)
Give the four types of airspeed
-indicated airspeed (IAS)
-calibrated airspeed (CAS)
-true airspeed (TAS)
- ground speed(GS)
This is the speed that you are reading directly from airspeed indicator
Indicated airspeed (IAS)
Manufacturers use this airspeed as the basis for determining aircraft performance
Indicated airspeed (IAS)
This is the indicated airspeed corrected for installation error
Calibrated airspeed (CAS)
Any errors that interfere with the system that is reading total and static pressure are connected here
Calibrated airspeed (CAS)
Calibrated airspeed is equal to _______________ in standard atmosphere at sea level
true airspeed
What does KIAS stand for
Indicated Airspeed in Knots
What does KCAS stand for
Calibrated Airspeed in Knots
This is calibrated airspeed corrected for altitude and nonstandard temperature
True Airspeed (TAS)
This is used for flight planning and is used when filing a flight plan
True Airspeed (TAS)
As altitude of temperature increases, TAS increases to compensate for the decrease in air density. True or False
True
This is the actual speed of the airplane over the ground
Ground Speed (GS)
GS __________ with a headwind, GS __________ with a tailwind
decreases, increases
State the instrument errors in pitot tube failure
- Icing over the pitot tube
- Trapped water in the lines
- Leaks due to holes or loose fittings
- Obstructions/ blockages
- Taped or covered ports
What is the instrument that measures the height of an aircraft above a given pressure level.
Altimeter
This is a type of barometer which measures the vertical distance to the surface
Altimeter
Where does the altimeter get readings from and through where?
from the static system (static port) and through the sealed aneroid wafers
These function by measuring pressure differences which are displayed in terms of feet
Altimeters
It is defined as station pressure reduced to sea level. It is only accurate only in the vicinity of the reporting station.
Altimeter Setting
When it comes to changing the altimeter setting, the pilot registers changes in the small window called?
Kollsman Window
What are the three types of altimeter settings?
- QFE
- QNH
- QNE
This is a barometric scale window of a sensitive altimeter used to adjust the altitude for the altimeter setting
Kollsman Window
What is the range of the scale in Kollsman Window?
28.00’’ to 31.00’’ inches of mercury, or 948 to 1,050 milibars
The height above the runway. It reads zero when you are on the runway and gives your height above it when you are airborne
QFE (“Field Elevation”)
The height above sea level. It reads runway elevation when you are on the runway and is based on an altimeter setting adjusted until the station’s correct elevation above sea level is read
QNH (“Height Above Sea Level”)
This is a pressure setting of 29.92 inches or 1013 hPa that will produce a standard atmosphere altitude and provides the basis for flight levels
QNE (“En Route”)
In altimeter reading, the long pointer (with a triangle) measures altitude in intervals of what?
10,000 feet
In altimeter reading, the wide pointer measures altitude in intervals of _________?
1,000 feet
The medium, thin pointer measures altitude in intervals of ___________?
100 feet
This is only displayed if the altitude are below 10,000 feet
Crosshatch flag
State the five types of altitudes
- Indicated Altitude
- True Altitude
- Absolute Altitude
- Pressure Altitude
- Density Altitude
This is the altitude that is read directly from the altimeter when it is set to the current altimeter setting
Indicated Altitude
The vertical distance of the aircraft above sea level-the actual altitude. It is often expressed as feet above mean sea level (MSL).
True Altitude
What type of altimeter setting is true altitude?
QNH
This is the vertical distance of an aircraft above the terrain, or above ground level (AGL).
Absolute Altitude
What type of altimeter setting is Absolute Altitude?
QFE
This is the altitude indicated when the altimeter setting window (barometric scale) is adjusted to 29.92 inHg. It is used to compute density altitude, true altitude, true airspeed (TAS)
Pressure Altitude
What type of altimeter setting is Pressure Altitude?
QNE
An inch error in the altimeter setting equals how many feet of altitude?
1000 feet of altitude
From HIGH to LOW or from HOT to COLD
Look out below
From LOW to HIGH or from COLD to HOT
Clear the Sky
Trapped static pressure causes the altimeter to freeze at the altitude where the blockage occured
Static Port Blockage