Flight Environment Pt.3 Flashcards
Airport lighting to wind indicators
They are standardized so that airports use the same light colors for runways and taxiways
Airport Lighting
They help a pilot identify an airport at night. They are normally operated from dusk until dawn
Airport beacons
Airport beacons are turned on if the ceiling is less than ___________ and/or ground visibility is less than ________________ (VFR minimums)
1,000 feet, 3 statute miles
This may be an omnidirectional capacitor-discharge device, or it may rotate at a constant speed, that produces the visual effect of flashes at regular intervals
Airport beacons
What are the airport beacon light colors for civilian land airports?
flashing white and green
What are the airport beacon light colors for water airport?
flashing white and yellow
What are the airport beacon light colors for heliport?
Flashing white, yellow, and green for heliport
What are the airport beacon light colors for a military airport
two quick white flashes alternating with a green flash
They are primarily intended to provide a means to transition from instrument flight to visual flight for landing.
Approach light systems
They provide the pilot with glidepath information that can be used for day or night approaches
Visual Glideslope indicators
By maintaining the proper glidepath as provided by the system, a pilot should have adequate obstacle clearance and should touch down within a specified portion of the runway
Visual Glideslope Indicators
This is a system of lights arranged to provide visual descent guidance during an approach
Visual Approach Slope Indicator
State the three phrases for visual approach slope indicator
Red over white, you’re alright
White over White, high as a kite
Red over red, you’re dead
This is a tri-color system consists of a single- light unit projecting a three-color visual approach path
Visual Approach Slope Indicator
State the visual approach slope indicator colors
Red: Below the glidepath
Green: on the glidepath
Amber: above the glidepath
They usually consist of a single-light unit projecting a two-color visual approach path into the final approach area of the runway
Pulsating VASIs
What does steady white mean?
on glidepath
What does steady red mean?
slightly below glidepath
What does pulsating red mean?
below the glidepath
What does pulsating white mean?
above glidepath
This uses lights similar to the VASI system, except they are installed in a single row, normally on the left side of the runway
Precision Approach Path Indicator
They are installed at many airfields to provide rapid and positive identification of the approach end of a particular runway
Runway end identifier lights (REIL)
The system consists of a pair of synchronized flashing lights located laterally on each side of the runway threshold. They may be either omnidirectional or unidirectional facing the approach area
Runway End Identifier Lights (REIL)
They mark the ends of the runway. They emit red lights toward the runway to indicate the end of runway to a departing aircraft, and emit green outward from the runway end to indicate the threshold to landing aircraft
Runway Threshold Lights
They are used to outline the edges of runways at night or during low visibility conditions
Runway Edge Lights
These lights are white, except on instrument runways where amber lights are used on the last 2,000 feet or half the length of the runway, whichever is less. The lights marking the end of the runway are red
Runway Edge Lights
They are located along the runway centerline and are space at 50-foot intervals
Runway Centerline Lights
When viewed from the landing threshold, they are white until the last 3,000 feet of the runway. The white lights begin to alternate with red for the next 2,000 feet and for the remaining 1,000 feet of the runway, all centerline lights are red
Runway Centerline Lights
They are installed on some precision approach runways to indicate the touchdown zone
Touchdown Zone Lights
These lights consist of two rows of transverse light bars disposed symmetrically about the runway centerline
Touchdown Zone Lights
The system consists of steady-burning white lights that start 100’ beyond the landing threshold and extend to 3,000’ beyond the landing threshold or to the midpoint of the runway, whichever is less
Touchdown Zone Lights
These are lights that are located along the taxiway centerline to facilitate the ground traffic under low visibility conditions. These lights are steady burning and emit green light
Taxiway Centerline Lights
They outline the edges of taxiways during periods of darkness or restricted visibility conditions. These fixtures are steady burning and emit blue light
Taxiway Edge Lights
They are installed at holding positions on taxiways in order to increase the conspicuity of the holding position in low visibility conditions. They consist of three in-pavement steady-burning yellow lights
Clearance Bar Lights
They are installed at taxiway/runway intersections. They are primarily used to enhance the conspicuity of taxiway/runway intersections during low visibility conditions, but may be used in all weather conditions
Runway Guard Lights
They consist of either a pair of elevated flashing yellow lights installed on either side of the taxiway, or a row of in-pavement yellow lights installed across the entire taxiway, at the runway holding position marking
Runway Guard Lights
They confirm the ATC clearance to enter or cross the active runway in low visibility conditions. These lights consist of a row of red unidirectional, elevated and in-pavement lights placed at the runway holding position (runway entrance or ILS critical area)
Stop bar Lights
They are marked or lighted to warn pilots of their presence during daytime and nighttime conditions. They can be found both on and off an airport to identify obstructions.
Obstruction Lights
What are the three conditions for obstruction lights?
Red obstruction lights, High intensity white obstruction lights, Dual lighting
They flash or emit a steady red color during nighttime operations, and the obstructions are painted orange and white for daytime operations
Red Obstruction Lights
They flash high intensity white lights during the daytime with the intensity reduced for nighttime
High intensity white obstruction lights
They are a combination of flashing red beacons and steady red lights for nighttime operation and high intensity white lights for daytime operations
Dual Lighting
They are red in colour and either flash or rotate to provide a pulsating warning light. They are normally installed in pairs with one on the top of the fuselage and the other on the bottom. (They’re turned on prior to engine start and turned off after engines have been shut down)
Beacon Lights
They consist of a red light on the left wing tip, a green light on the right wing tip and a white light on the aircraft tail. Dual systems are often installed to provide redundancy in the event of a bulb failure
Navigation Lights
They are the medium intensity lights which may be mounted on the nose landing gear strut, in the aircraft nose or at the wing roots. They are used to provide illumination of the taxiway during ground operations
Taxi Lights
When installed, these are usually positioned near the trailing edge of the wing tips and may also be installed on the tail of the aircraft. They are high intensity white lights which flash at a regular interval
Strobe Lights
They are normally turned on when entering an active runway for takeoff and turned off when leaving the runway after landing
Strobe Lights
They are similar to taxi lights except they are mounted on an angle pointing to the left and right of the aircraft nose. These lights will illuminate taxiways or obstacles on either side of the aircraft
Runway Turnoff Lights
They are high intensity lights used to illuminate the runway surface for takeoff and landing and also to facilitate the aircraft being seen by other pilots
Landing Lights
These are generally mounted on the upper surface of the horizontal stabilizer and are aimed to illuminate the company markings on the tail of the aircraft
Logo Lights
Enforcement aircraft, such as police helicopters, and search and rescue aircraft may be equipped with high intensity __________
Search Lights
This is the oldest and most common wind indicating device. It is a cone-shaped device built of durable, flexible material
Wind Sock
The stem (bottom) of the “T” is pointing in the direction where the wind is GOING indicating that landings should be in the opposite direction
Wind Tee
This points to the direction from which the wind is COMING from indicating that landings should be in that direction
Tetrahedron
This is a visual indicator that provides traffic pattern information to pilots at airports without a control tower
Segmented Circle
What are the three components of the segmented circle?
- landing runway indicators
- traffic pattern indicators
- wind cone
