Flight Environment Pt.1 (Operational Procedures) Flashcards
Up until Other Airport Structures
This is a portion of the atmosphere by a country, including its territorial waters, or more generally, any specific three dimensional portion of the atmosphere
Airspace
What are the two classifications of airspaces?
- Controlled
- Uncontrolled
This is a generic term that covers the different classifications of airspace and defined dimensions within which air traffic control (ATC) service is provided in accordance with the airspace classification
Controlled Airspace
This is an airspace and defined within which air traffic control (ATC) service is not deemed necessary or cannot be provided for practical reasons
Uncontrolled
What are the controlled airspaces?
Class A to Class E
This is generally the airspace from 18,000 feet mean sea level (MSL) up to and including flight level (FL) 600
Class A airspace
Where is Class A airspace conducted under?
Instrument flight rules (IFR)
This is generally airspace from the surface to 10,000 feet MSL surrounding the nation’s busiest airports in terms of airport operations or passenger enplanements.
Class B airspace
This is designed to contain all published instrument procedures once an aircraft enters the airspace
Class B airspace
ATC clearance is required for all aircraft to operate in the area, and all aircraft that are cleared receive separation services within the airspace
Class B airspace
This is generally airspace from the surface to 4,000 feet above the airport elevation surrounding those airports that have an operational control tower, are serviced by a radar approach control, and have a certain number of IFR operations or passenger enplanements
Class C airspace
Each aircraft must establish and maintain two-way radio communications with the ATC facility providing air traffic services prior to entering the airspace
Class C airspace
This is generally airspace from the surface to 2,500 feet above the airport elevation (charted MSL) surrounding those airports that have an operational control tower
Class D airspace
Unless otherwise authorized, each aircraft must establish and maintain two-way radio communications with the ATC facility providing air traffic services prior to entering the airspace
Class D airspace
This provides sufficient airspace for the safe control and separation of aircraft during IFR operations
Class E airspace
This typically extends up to, but not including, 18,000 MSL (the lower limit of Class A airspace).
Class E airspace
This has bases below 14,500 feet MSL. In some areas, the base starts at 1,200 feet AGL or 700 feet AGL.
Class E airspace
In which MSL does class E airspace start with?
600 FL
This is a designated uncontrolled airspace and extends from the surface to the base of the overlying Class E airspace
Class G airspace
Class G airspace is usually found below what feet?
below 1,200 feet where Class E airspace typically starts
According to the aeronautical information publication- Philippine airspace inside the FIR are classified into how many classes only?
4 classes
This is a specified region of airspace under the jurisdiction of a country or area. It is the largest regular division of airspace in use in the world today
Flight Information Region
This is a service provided for the purpose of giving advice and information useful for the safe and efficient conducts of flights
Flight information service
This describes a designated area of controlled airspace surrounding a major airport where there is a high volume of traffic
Terminal Control Area
Other term for terminal control area
Terminal maneuvering area
This is the lowest published altitude between radio navigation fixes that assures acceptable navigational signal coverage and meets obstacle clearance requirements between those fixes
Minimum Enroute Altitude (MEA)
This is a volume of controlled airspace, normally around an airport, which extends from the surface to a specified upper limit, established to protect air traffic operating to and from that airport
Control Zones
An airspace of defined dimensions established around an aerodrome for the protection of aerodrome traffic
Aerodrome Traffic Zones
This is an uncontrolled airspace of defined dimensions extending from the surface of the earth within which air traffic services, except Air Traffic Control, are available.
Aerodrome Advisory Zone
This is the designation for airspace in which certain activities must be confined, or where limitations may be imposed on aircraft operations that are not part of those activities
Special Use Airspace or Special Area of Operation (SAO)
What do SAO’s usually consist of?
- Prohibited areas
- Restricted areas
- Warning areas
- Military operation areas (MOAs)
- Alert areas
- Controlled firing areas (CFAs)
These contain airspace of designed dimensions, above the land areas of territorial waters within which the flight of aircraft is prohibited. Such areas are established for security or other reasons associated with the national welfare
Prohibited Areas
An airspace of defined dimensions, above the land areas or territorial waters, within which the flight of aircraft is restricted in accordance with certain specified conditions.
Restricted Area
These are areas where operations is subject to restrictions. Limitations may be imposed upon aircraft operations that are not part of those activities, or both
Restricted Area
The purpose of such areas is to warn nonparticipating pilots of the potential danger
Warning areas
They consist of airspace with defined vertical and lateral limits established for the purpose of separating certain military training activities from IFR traffic
Military Operation Areas (MOAs)
They are depicted on sectional, VFR terminal area, and en route low altitude charts and are not numbered
Military Operation Areas (MOAs)
They contain activities that, if not conducted in a controlled environment ,could be hazardous to nonparticipating aircraft. Activities must be suspended when a spotter aircraft, radar, or ground lookout position indicates an aircraft might be approaching the area
Controlled Firing Areas (CFAs)
These are depicted on aeronautical charts with an “A” followed by a number to inform nonparticipating pilots of areas that may contain a high volume of pilot training or an unusual type of aerial activity
Alert Areas
Pilots should exercise caution in this area. All activity within this area shall be conducted in accordance with regulations, without waiver, and pilots of participating aircraft, as well as pilots transiting the area, shall be equally responsible for collision avoidance
Alert Areas
Two types of airports
Towered and Non-Towered
This has an operating control tower. Pilots are required to maintain two-way radio communication with ATC and to acknowledge and comply with their instructions
Towered Airports
This does not have an operating control tower. Two-way radio communications are not required, although it is a good operating practice for pilots to transmit their intentions on the specified frequency for the benefit of other traffic in the area
Non-Towered Airports
This is a frequency designated for the purpose of carrying out airport advisory practices while operating to or from an airport without an operating control tower
Common Traffic Advisory Frequency (CTAF)
These are airports owed by the government which are classified by the Civil Aviation Authority of the Philippines (CAAP) as International Airport, Principal or Domestic Airports (Class 1 or Class 2), Community Airports
Classified Airports
These are airports capable of handling international flights and have border control facilities
International Airports
Airports in this category include airports that currently serve, or previously served, international destinations
International Airports
How many airports are in the international airport category? Name all
- Clark, Davao, General Santos, Laoag, Mactan-Cebu, Manila, Kalibo, Puerto Princesa, Subic Bay, Zamboanga, Iloilo and Bohol
These are airports which serve domestic destinations
Principal Airports
These are airports capable of serving jet aircraft with a capacity of at least 100 seats (but could be 70)
Class 1 Principal Airports
These are airports capable of serving propeller aircraft with a capacity of at least 19 seats
Class 2 Principal Airports
These are airports that are used primarily as Regional and Local Airports or for General Aviation
Community Airports
These are all privately owned aerodromes (airports, airstrips, airfields) are outside of the CAAP’s classification system
Community Airports
The various civilian aerodromes (airports, airfields, airstrips and seaplane terminals) that are owned and operated by individuals, corporations, or local governments
Unclassified Aerodromes
What are the four common sources of information for pilots?
- Aeronautical Information Publications (AIP)
- Aeronautical Charts
- Notices to Airmen (NOTAMs)
- Automated Terminal Information Service (ATIS)
This is defined by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) as a publication issued by or with the authority of a state and containing aeronautical information of a lasting character essential to air navigation
Aeronautical Information Publication (or AIP)
In the Philippines, this is the basic aeronautical information document published for the country that contains permanent information essential to air navigation within the Philippine Flight Information Region
Aeronautical Information Publication (or AIP)
These provide specific information on airports. The charts contain excerpts such as symbols, legends and other information, which provide guidance on airports
Aeronautical Charts
Time-critical aeronautical information, which is of a temporary nature or not sufficiently known in advance to permit publication, on aeronautical charts or in other operational publications receives immediate dissemination by the system.
Notices to Airmen (NOTAM)
These include such information as taxiway and runway closures, construction, communications, change in status of navigational aids, and other information essential to planned en route, terminal, or landing operations
NOTAMs
This is a recording of the local weather conditions and other pertinent non-control information broadcast on a local frequency in a looped format. It is normally updated once per hour but is updated more often when changing local conditions warrant
Automated Terminal Information Service (ATIS)
Important Information is broadcast on this including weather, runways in use, specific ATC procedures, and any airport construction activity that could affect taxi planning. When it is recorded, it is given a code- Information Alpha, Bravo and so on. This code is changed with every update
Automated Terminal Information Service (ATIS)
A defined area on land aerodrome intended to accommodate an aircraft for purposes of loading or unloading passengers, mail or cargo, fueling, parking or maintenance.
APRON or RAMP
Any parking area within the protected area of an airport. A closed structure to hold aircraft and/or spacecraft in protective storage
Hangar
This is a building within an airport where passengers go to depart on a flight, or the building at which they arrive upon landing.
Terminal
