Flight Planning and Performance Pt.2 Flashcards
Performance Factors
This is obtained when the power or thrust required equals the maximum power or thrust available from the powerplant
Maximum level flight airspeed
This is not usually defined by thrust or power requirement since conditions of stall or stability and control problems generally predominate
Minimum level flight airspeed
This occurs when an aircraft gains potential energy by increasing altitude
Climb Performance
What are the two basic factors that contribute to positive climb performance in most aircrafts?
- The aircraft climbs using excess power above that required to maintain level flight
- The aircraft climbs by converting airspeed to altitude
Provides climb performance to achieve the created altitude gain over time
Maximum Rate of Climb (Vy)
True or False. If weight is added to an aircraft, it must fly at a lower AOA to maintain a given altitude and speed.
False. An aircraft must fly at a higher AOA to maintain a given altitude and speed.
This is the altitude at which the aircraft is only able to climb at a rate of 100 feet/min
Service ceiling
This is the altitude at which the aircraft is unable to climb
Absolute Ceiling
This involves consideration of flying distance
Range
This involves consideration of flying time
Endurance
This occurs when you have the greatest amount of flying time for the least amount of fuel
Maximum Endurance
This occurs when you get the greatest distance for a given amount of fuel
Maximum Range
Any surface that is not hard and smooth increases the ___________ during takeoff. This is due to the inability of the tires to roll smoothly along the runway
Ground Roll
This refers to the amount of power that is applied to the brakes without skidding the tires
Breaking Effectiveness
This is the amount of change in runway height over the length of the runway. This is expressed as a percentage
Runway Gradient or Slope
This indicates the runway height increases, and a negative gradient indicates the runway decreases in height
Positive Gradient
What is the positive gradient computation?
RWY Elevation (Higher end) - RWY Elevation (Lower End) / RWY Length x 100
This impedes acceleration and results in a longer ground roll during takeoff. However, landing here typically reduces the landing roll
Upsloping runway
This aids in acceleration on takeoff resulting in shorter takeoff distances. But landing here increases landing distance
Downsloping runway
This reduces the friction between the tires and the ground and can reduce braking effectiveness. This can cause hydroplaning
Water on the runway
This is condition in which the aircraft tires ride on a thin sheet of water rather than on the runway’s surface
Hydroplaning
What is the formula for. the minimum hydroplaning speed?
9 x √tire pressure (in psi)
What are the effects of increased weight on takeoff?
- Higher lift-off speed
- greater mass to accelerate
- Increased drag and ground friction
What are the effects of increased weight on landing?
- Higher approach speed
- More runway used to decelerate
- Wear and tear on brakes
What are the five takeoff and landing performance factors?
- Weight
- Wind
- Rotation Speed
- Landing Speed
- Density Altitude
Effects of headwind during takeoff?
- Lower groundspeed needed to reach rotation speed
- Shorter ground roll
Effects of tailwind during takeoff?
- Higher groundspeed needed to reach rotation speed
- Longer ground roll
Effects of headwind during landing?
- Less ground roll
- Ground speed is lower at touchdown
Effects of tailwind during landing?
- Increased landing roll
- Ground speed is higher at touchdown
Effects of takeoff below rotation speed?
- Aircraft could stall
- Difficult to control
- Low initial rate of climb
Effects of takeoff above rotation speed?
- Improved initial rate of climb and “feel” of the aircraft
- Increase in takeoff distance
Effects of Landing below specified speed?
- Aircraft may stall
- difficult to control
- Develop high rates of descent
Effects of landing above specified speed?
- Improves controllability slightly (especially in crosswinds)
- Increase in landing distance
Effects of an increase in density altitude on takeoff?
- Greater takeoff speed
- Decreased thrust and reduced accelerating force
Effects of an increase in density altitude on landing?
Increased landing speed but does not alter retarding force
This means taking known information and compute intermediate information
Interpolation
