Nav & Radar Passage Planning Flashcards
What is APEM ?
Appraisal
Planning
Execution
Monitoring
Passage Planning - Appraisal Stage
Publications
- Chart catalogue
- Ocean passages of the world
- Routing charts
- Admiralty Sailing directions
- Admiralty list of lights
- Admiralty list of radio signals
- Admiralty Tide tables
- Notice to mariners
- Mariners handbook
- Relevant MSN´s, MGN´s
Passage Planning - Planning Stage
- no go areas
- waypoints
- courses
- XTR
- planned speeds
- calling points (VTS)
- currents, tide streams
- distances
- wheel-over points
Passage Planning - Execution
once departure date is know, ETA can be determined
- pre-departure checks
- berthing and logistical things organized
- ETA´s to waypoints
environmental factors
- tides and latest weather calculated
Passage Planning - Monitoring
- progress should be monitored
- fixing ships position at frequent level
- watchkeeper to ensure that fully compliant with MARPOL & SOLAS
Standard navigational Charts
official paper charts consisting of large scale charts for port and harbors and medium scale for navigation
ENC´s
Electronic Navigational Chart
- official navigational charts for safe navigation
Routeing Charts
Charts used for planning ocean voyages
- routes and distances between major ports
- ocean currents
- ice limits
- load lines
- windrosesand % of windspeeds and directions
Admiralty Sailing Directions
information for coastal navigation and port entry
- navigational hazards
- buoyage
- pilotage details
- weather patterns
- port facilities
Admiralty list of lights and Fog Signals
Identification of lights
- light descriptions
- geographical and luminous ranges
Admiralty List of radio signals
- Maritime Radio Stations
- Radio Aids to Navigation, Differential GPS (DGPS), Legal Time, Radio Time Signals and Electronic Position Fixing System
- Maritime Safety Information Services
- Meteorological Observation Stations
- GMDSS
- Pilot Services, Vessel Traffic Services and Port Operations
Admiralty Tide tables
planning of departure and arrival times
- heights and times of tides
tidal stream information
Mariners Handbook
Knowledge related to safe navigation
- publications available and how to update
- Meteorology
- sea and ice conditions
- restrictions to navigation
Ocean Passages of the world
support planning of deep sea voyages
- meteorology information
- climate, winds, currents
Vector Charts
Pros:
- seamless joins between charts
- chart features can be interrogated
- layers can be selected by the user
- Alarms and Indications
CONS:
- expensive to produce
- unfamiliar symbols
- not all approved
Raster charts
PROS
- familiar as same as paper charts
- world coverage
- fully approved
- cheap
CONS:
- cluttered when zooming out
- not scalable
- not seamless
- no alarms
Mandatory reporting systems contents
- Ships name, call sign, IMO number MMSI
- ships course and speed
- ships destination
- number of persons on board
- hazardous cargo and quantity
- defects, deficiencies
Where can mandatory and voluntary reporting systems be found
Admiralty List of Radio Signals
Systems that control movement of ship
- Steering control system
- automatic track control
- speed and distance log
- compass system
- engine control system
Systems that aid navigation and collision avoidance
- ECDIS (electronic chart display information system)
- GNSS (Global navigational satellite system)
- Radar / ARPA (automatic radar plotting aid)
- AIS (Automatic Identification system)
- Echo sounder
- BNWAS (Bridge navigation watch alarm system)
System of communication
GMDSS (global maritime distress safety system)
ECDIS
Electronic chart display information system that is type approved and meets IMO performance standards
Sources of Meteorological Information
- World Meteorological Organization (WMO) consisting of 21 METAREA similar to NAVAREA to transmit high seas weather warnings
- UK OFfshore Shipping Forecast broadcasting through RT, NAVTEX, SafetyNET general weather forecasts for 24h
- UK Gale Warnings broadcasting gale warnings Fore 8 and more
- UK coastal inshore waters forecast
- UK Meteorology Office website
Meteorological Instruments
- Atmospheric pressure having major influences on High and Low pressure systems
- Air pressure
- Humidity (Dewpoint)
- Wind speed and direction
High Pressure
What are General conditions ?
- calm, clear, sunny conditions can be expected but also possibly trapped cloud or fog
Low Pressure
What are General conditions ?
- clouds and precipitation can be expected with areas of deep lows potentially leading to storms conditions
Barograph
- consist of a rotation drum with paper graph wrapped around it and a arm with pen (ink stylus) that records the pressure
- good as over time of a week so can give you more accurate reading and pressure tendency over time
Hygrometer
- purpose is to measure the amount of humidity in the air
- wet bulb dry bulb thermometer
What is a Safety Contour ?
Safety Contour: A specific depth contour set by ECDIS. It demarks the boundary between “safe-water” and shallow water and is going alarm when crossing the safety contour.
What is a Safety Depth?
Safety Depth: Value set by the mariner that is used by ECDIS to portray soundings as black if they are equal to or shallower than the value and gray if they are deeper.
How to you calculate Safety Depth ?
o Safety depth= Draft + UKC + Squad – HOT
