Natural population change Flashcards
Death rate?
avg number of deaths per 1,000
Birth rate?
avg number of births in a year for 1,000
Infant mortality rate?
number of children who die before their first birthday per 1,000
Replacement rate?
extent to which population is replacing itself - difference between births and deaths
Fertility rate?
average number of children a women is expected to give birth too - HICS:2/LICS:5
Natural change?
difference between birth and death rates
What is birth and death rate like in stage 1?
birth rate = high
death rate = high
Why are there high birth rates in stage 1?
- limited control/family planning
- high infant mortality rate - encourages more children
- religions encourage fertility
What are the reasons for high death rate in stage 1?
- disease
- poor nutrition/famine
- poor hygiene
- underdeveloped health facilities
What is birth and death rate like in stage 2?
birth rate = high
death rate = falling
Why are there falling death rates in stage 2?
- economic development
- improved health care
- better nutrition
- lower child mortality
- economic development
What is birth and death rate like in stage 3?
birth rate = falls
death rate = continues to fall
Reasons for falling birth rates in stage 3?
- access to education
- smaller families preferred
- change in social trends
- personal wealth
- children more expensive
Birth ad death rate in stage 4?
birth rate = low
death rate = low
Why are birth and death rate low in stage 4?
- emancipation of woman
- personal lifestyles
- high incomes
What is birth and death rate like in stage 5?
birth rate = low
death rate = exceeds birth rate
What does the DTM not include?
influences of migration
What does the DTM assume?
all countries will go through the same pattern
How long did it take UK to industrialise compared to Malaysia and China?
200 years compared to 60 years
What does the DTM not consider?
China’s one child policy
When was the model developed?
after the studying of HIC’s therefore some LIC’s may not fit the pattern
What doesn’t contribute towards natural population change?
migration
Social factors affecting natural population change?
- healthcare
- education
- status of woman
- culture/religion
- age/gender structure
Political factors affecting natural population change?
- population policies
- political stability
