Demographic dividend Flashcards
What does dependency ratio show?
how many young people and older people depend on people of working age
How many people are dependent in the UK for 100 workers?
59 people
What are the problems with comparing dependency ratio data?
- different retirement ages
- age at which children work
- productivity of 65+
What is the demographic dividend?
when a country’s working population outgrows its dependents - benefit
What is the lag time?
a period of rapid population growth and produces a generation bulge that rises up the population pyramid into economically active
What did the demographic dividend play an important role in?
economic growth and emergence of the Asian Tigers, China, Thailand and Bangladesh to an extent
How can countries maximise the dividend?
if there is a rich natural resource base to support growing demand
How might the dividend be a waster opportunity?
- poor educational attainment
- lack of democracy in gov (have a say)
- lack of employment opportunities
To achieve economic benefits of a dividend what must developing countries do?
substantially lower there birth and child death rates
What might a boost in the economy do?
create extra demand and this may cause environmental degradation and pressure on natural resources
How can the demographic dividend be sustained?
by keeping fertility rates at replacement rate
When is a second demographic dividend possible?
in stage 4 when people are living longer
South Korea’s fertility rates?
1965 - 2
2019 - 1
Chad’s fertility rate?
7.4
Africa’s fertility rate?
4.8 - urbanising quicker
