Natural And Manufactured Timbers

Question 1

Where do hardwoods come from?

Answer 1

They come from deviduous trees

Question 2

Examples of hardwoods?

Answer 2

Ash, beech, mahogany, oak and balsa

Question 3

Examples of softwoods?

Answer 3

Larch, pine, spruce, redwood

Question 4

Where do softwoods come from?

Answer 4

Coniferous trees

Question 5

What are examples of manufactured board?

Answer 5

MDF, Plywood and Chipboard

Question 6

What are manufactured boards?

Answer 6

These are layers of real wood call veneer to improve appearance or properties.

Timber sheets are produced by gluing wood layers or wood fibres.

Question 7

What are the properties of hardwoods?

Answer 7

• They are usually HARD, DURABLE, STRONG and EXPENSIVE
• Commonly used for toys as durable
• Easy to paint
• Hard enough so won’t splinter easy.

Question 8

What are the properties of softwoods?

Answer 8

• Inexpensive
• Quick growing, 10 years before feeling.
• Extremely sustainable as renewable.
• Mostly indoor products and joinery as most have poor resistance to decay and require added preservatives for use outside.
• Most less dense than hardwood (not Balsa).

Question 9

What are properties of manufactured boards?

Answer 9

• No grain, Cheaper (than natural timber), Large sheets
• Commonly used in flat pack furniture
• Cheaper than natural wood
• Finished using veneers to achieve different looks
• No grain, so easy to work with
• Prone to moosture damage
• Often used from waste or recycled materials

Question 10

What is Conversion

Answer 10

After being cut (felled) tree trunks are stripped of their bark and cut into usable planks in a sawmill, where they become timber. Planks come in many shapes and sizes.

Question 11

What is seasoning?

Answer 11

How the moisture in timber is removed. There are two types:

• Air seasoning
• Kiln seasoning

Question 12

What are the 4 types of conversion?

Answer 12

• Baulk (essentially a square)
• Through and through cut (1 vertical line down the middle and horizontal lones)
• Tangential cut
• Quarter cut (circle divided in quaters and 1 quarter is cut with rectangles)

Question 13

What are stock forms?

Answer 13

How timber is available in shapes and devorative mouldings. For timber the most common shape is a dowel or in large sheets called veneers.

Question 14

What are the general sizes of timber sold in?

Answer 14

• Length
• Width
• Thickness
• Diameter

Question 15

How can timber be planed?

Answer 15

It can be planed from both sides (PBS) or planed all around (PAR)

This is done in planks, strips, boards and squares.

Question 16

What are components? And examples

Answer 16

They are generally used to assist in the joining of materials, strengthen a joint or add functionality. Examples in timber are:

• Wood screws
• Hinges
• Knock-down fittings

Question 17

What is the FSC?

Answer 17

FSC is an international, non-governmentsl organisation dedicated to promoting respsonsible management of the world’s forests

Question 18

What is deforestation?

Answer 18

Deforestation is of concern in the manufacture of woodedn products. Timber is often reused to reduce the amount of trees cut down.

Question 19

Ash properties and common uses

Answer 19

It is a hardwood.
It is tough, flexible, wide grained and finished well.
Uses are sports equipment ladders

Question 20

Oak properties and uses

Answer 20

It is a hardwood.
It is expensive, strong, heavy and durable.
They are used to make quality and expensive furniture

Question 21

Spruce properties and uses

Answer 21

It is a softwood
It is thin, regular texture, light, strong and has medium density
Used a lot in the paper industry, construction, boats, barrels and aeroplanes.