Natsumi - Botanicals Flashcards
Aconitum napellus
- indication
- Safety profile
- C/I
I: Neuralgia (trigeminal n.), fever/chills 🤕
HIGHLY TOXIC!!
- Tingling sensation in the extremities, rapid chilly, vomits, and diarrhea.
CI: pregnancy, lactation
Tropane alkaloids are found in which herbs?
Atropine belladonna, Datura, and hyoscyamine
Aconite
Trigeminal herbs
Gelsemium and Aconitum
Tropane alkaloid action& Side effects
Anti-cholinergic aka “fight or flight”
Flushed face, dry mucous membrane. mydriasis, blurred vision, giddiness, delirium,
“Hot as hare, red as a beet, dry as a biscuit, blind as a bat, mad as a hatter”
Atropa belladonna action
- Antispasmodic - Myalgia
- Vasoconstrictor
Atropa belladonna Contraindication and drug interaction
C/I: BPH, closed-angle glaucoma, tachycardia, arrhythmia
Drug interaction: TCAs & other anticholinergics
Avena Sativa interaction (internal/external).
Who should not take this?
Internal:
- Nutritive → Anxiety, nicotine/opiate withdrawal, rheumatism
- Fiber → hypercholesterolemia
- Sedative → insomnia
External: anodyne → eczema
C/I: Celiac dz
Interaction: Statins 9decrease effectiveness of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors)
Eat 2-4 hours AFTER statins
Bacopa monnieri
Constituent: Triterpenoid saponins
Action: Neuroprotective/Antioxidant → cognition/memory, anxiety, epilpsy,
S/E: palpitation, nausea, dry mouth thirst
Safe!
Camelia sinensis action
Cancer preventative and dental caries
S/E: think of coffee, so adding milk reduces s/e
CI: Caffeine → Pregnancy/lactation, insomnia
Centella asiatica
Triterpene acids
Nervine → anxiety, memory, epilepsy, venous insufficiency
Antipyretic → skin
S/E: skin irritation, caution with diabetes or hyperlipidemia can increase blood glucose and lipids
CI: Pregnancy
Datura stramonium
Tropane alkaloids
Sedative antispasmoic
anticholinergic
S/E: same as atropa family
What does atropa a family potentiate
Anticholinergic drugs. do not take wit TCA
Eschscholzia californica
Nervine, hypnotic, anti-spasmodic/anodyne
Sedative and hypnotic for overexcitement and sleepness
S/E: ADDICTIVE* → ‘think of poppy’
C/I: Pregnancy, lactation
Interaction: Potentiates MAOI’s & SSRI
Gelsemium sempverirens
Cholinergic herb
- Stimulates then depress CNS function → induce labor,
- Antispasmodic → cardioprotective, HA, fever, insomnia, and pain
It’s for someone with flu (HA, fever, pain) that can’t sleep.
Side effect: SLEEPY, TOXIC
C/I: Pregnancy & hypotension
Interaction: potentiate aspirin
Humulus lupulus
Action: Sedative nervine, bitter, phytoestrogen, cholegogue, mild laxative
Mood, insomnia, menopaue
SE: ‘beer’ → nausea and HA
C/I: ‘beer’ makes you depressed, pregnant,
InteractionL potentiate sedative-hypnotic effect of barbituates
Hyoscyamus niger
- Indication/Action
- Safety profile
- C/I
- Drug interaction
Tropane alkaloids = Anticholinergic
Sedative → irritability, insomnia, delirium
Antispasmodic → dyspeptic, cough
S/E: anticholinergic side effect + death by choking
C/I: BPH, close angle glaucoma, tachycardiac arrhythmias
Interacts: potentiates anticholinergic drug; TCAs
Hypericum perforatum
External - skin
Internal- depression & anxiety
S/E: photosensitivity rash,
C/I: Suicidal ideation and pregnancy
Interactions:
- Don’t use with psych meds!
- CYP450 inducer!
CYP450 Inducer Herbs
Commiphora mukul
Hypericum perforatum
Tannins
Atimicrobial
Flavenoids
Anti-inflammatory
Cardiac glycosides
Used for CHF and irregular rhythm
Alkaloids
Anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antimicrobial
Disulphides
Reduces iodine uptake by the thyroid (goitergenic)
Seen in Allium Cepa contraindication for HYPOthyroidism
Constituent:
- Lectin
- Indole alkaloids (reserpine)
Hypotensive
Lectin - Viscum album/flavescens
Indole alkaloid - Rauwolfia serpentina
Lecithin
Hypercholesterol
Terpenes
Anti-inflammatory, antioxidant
Melissa officinalis
Volatile oil
Sedative → Calms the limbic system (emotion)
Antispasmodic → tachycardia and palpitations
Carminative → dyspepsia
Topical → skin irritation
C/I: hyperthyroidism & GERD
Matricaria recutita
Constituent:
- Volatile oil
- Chamomile -
yaceae family
Anti-microbial and anti-inflammatory, hypnotic, nervine, sedative
Skin, GI calming, HENT-itis, anxiety/insomnia
Safe!
Asteraceae family
Achillea millefolium Arctium lappa Arnica Montana Artemisa annua/absinthum/vulgariss Calendula officinalis Cineraria maritima Cynara scolymus Echinacea species Eupatorium perfoliatum Eupatorium purureum Grindelia robusta Inula helium Matricaria recutita Silybum marianum Solidago odora Tanacetum parthenium Tanacetum vulgare Taraxacum officinalis Tussilago farfara
Carminative
Relieves flatulence
Passilfora incardnata
Flavonoid
Nervine/Sedative → insomnia, anxiety
Antispasmodic → spasm, convulsions, palpitations and tachycardia
C/I: Uterine stimulant → Pregnancy
Interaction: Psych meds
Piper methysticuicum
Kava “milder weed” - Low dose -
Muscle relaxant/antispasmodic → Neuralgia
sedative/anxiolytiv →Anxiety
S/E: ADDICTIVE, hepatotoxicity,
C/I: Pregnancy/lactation & depression (suicidal)
Interaction: potentiates anti-psychotics
Piscidia erythrina
- Jamaican dogwood - Low dose-
Sedative → Anxiety, fear
analfesic/anodyne → Myalgia
S/E: n/v, CNS depressant, respiratory depression, HF, death
C/I: Pregnancy
Interaction: Potentiate sedative
Pulsatilla vulgaris
Protoenemonin - LOW DOSE -
Nervine→ pain, insomnia,anxiety , HA
Sedative
Emmenagogue → Amenorrhea, dysmenorrhea, endometriosis, PMS, leucorrhea
S/E: Skin irritation, SEVERE GI irritation orally
C/I: Pregnancy
Rhodiola rosea
Adaptogen → depression, faitgue
Anti-cancer
Cardioprotective → im[roving physical endurance
C/I: Manic patien
Interaction: stimulants
Scutellaria lateriflora
Flavonoids
Hypnotic/Nervine → insomnia, anxiety, pain
A/E: hepatotocirt tremor
Safe!
Tanacetum parthenium
- Feverfew - Asteraceae family
Anti-inflammatory/Vasodilator - Migraines, RA, irregular menses
Topical antiseptic
Bitter: GI
S/E: blood thinning
C/I: Pregnancy
Interactions: antagonize morphine, potentiate warfarin
Safe!
Valeriana Officinalis
- 2 Main actions and its indications
- Side effect and safety profile
Sedative: insomnia, anxiety, epilepsy
Anodyne/spasmolytic: muscle spasm
S/E: drowsiness, HA, vertigo,, CNS paralysis
C/I: DO NOT MIX with hepatotoxic agents - EtOH, opioid, barbituates, benzo
Fucus vesiculosis
- Kelp -
Contains: iodine
Iodine → Iodine eficiency hypothyroidism, goiter, obesity, AntiRA
S/E: Hyperthyroism, acne, decrease iron absroption
CI: Hyperthyroidism, pregnancy/lactation
I: Anticoagulants, antiplatelet, thrombolytic agent → increases bleeding
Gymnema sylvestre
- 2 Main actions and its indications
- Side effect and safety profile
Hypolipidemic → Hypercholesterolemia
Anti-obesity → DM, weight loss
I: Potentiate hypoglycemic drugs
Safe!
“Sylvester stallone goes to the gym to get fit”
Lycopus virginicus
LOW DOSE
Blocks T4 to T3 → hyperthyroidism
Cardiac sedative → arrhythmia
Nervine → anxiety, insomnia
C/I: Hypothyroidsim, pregnancy, infertility
Interaction: Levothyroxine
Momordica charantia
- Indications (2)
- Safety profile
- Interaction
- Bitter Melon -
1. Hypoglycemic effect → DM
2. Psoriasis
S/E: allergy
C/I: Emmenagogue, lactation, hypoglycemia
Interaction: Hypoglycemic drugs
“Momo-chan likes bitter melon”
Achillea millefolium
Volatile Oil
Asteraceae family!!
Hemostatic: Hemorrhage/meno-/metorrhagia
Bitter: biliary insufficiency
Diaphoretic; fever
Anti-inflammatory: wound and skin ulcers (topically)
C/E: GERD, digestive stimulation, pregnancy
Interaction: PPI
Capsella bursa-pastoris
Volatile Oil
Astringent /styptic → nose bleed, PMS, wounds/burns
S/E: NA
C/I: Pregnancy
Ineraction: Potentiate Warfarin
Geranium maculatum
Tannins
Astringent/styptic → GI ulcer bleed, hemorrhoids, wounds, heavy menses
S/E: Nausea
C/I: None
Interaction: Tannin → Decrease drug absorption
Arnica Montana
Volatile oil, flavonoids
Asteraceae family!
Topical anti-inflammatory/vulnerary → bruise, phlebitis, rheumatism, strain/sprain, myalgia
S/E: Allergic reaction
C/I: Do not use on broken skin/internally
Boswelia serrata
Volatile oil
Circulatory stimulant →Asthma
Crohn’s, UC, OA, RA, inflammation
S/E: GI irritation or pain take with water/food
C/I: N/A
Interaction: enhances aspirin
Bryonia alba
Volatie oil - LOW DOSE-
Anodyne/anti-rheumatic → Painful rheumatism,
immune sedation
Side effect: Catharic → GI and lungs (ulcer, asthma, bronchitis) Rash 40 berries = death, 15 for child C/I: pregnancy/lactation
No drug interactions
Harpagophytum procumbens
Anti-inflammatory/anti-rheumatic/anodyne
Arhtrisis, tendonitis
Bitter → Dyspepsia
S/E: N/A
C/I: stomach ulcers
Interaction: PPI
“Can’t play harp cuz arthritis”
Salix alba
Flavenoid
Analgesic, anti-inflammatory → Muscle and menstrual aches
Febrifuge → fever
anti-rheumatic → Rheumatism
S/E: GI complaints, tinnitus
C/I: Children with flu, pregnancy/lactation
Interaction: Potentiate acetaminophen and NSAIDS
“Sailing through the pain, bc no pain X”
Aesculus hippocastanum
“Horse Chestnuts” - LOW DOSE -
Astringent/vasoconstrictive/venotonic
- Internal → hemorrhoids, varicose veins
- External → venous sufficiency, DVT, edema prostatitis
S/E: Nausea, IM injection may cause hepatitis/renal failure
“Hippos are fat with varicose veins and big nut sack “
Calendula officinalis
Flavonoids
Asteraceae family!
Vulnerary, antiseptic → ulcers, skin,gingivitis, varicose vein
Side effect: redness and burning skin
C/I: no deep wounds, allergy
Cineraria maritima
Asteraceae family!
Topical for cataract (internal use only)
S/E: nausea, hepatotoxicity
C/I: Pregnancy/lactation, allergy
Interaction: do not use with hepatotoxic drugs
“Cineraria cataracts!”
Euphrasia officinalis
Anti-inflammatory
Anti-catarrhal → Ophthalamias
Astringent/Vasoconstrictor → HENT -itis
Safe!
Hamamelis virginiana
Tannins, Flavonoids
Astringent/Anti-inflammatory/local hemostatic effect →skin, varicose vein, diarrhea
S/E: tannin → GI complaints
Safe!
“A ham from Virginia is fat with DVT”
Salvia officinalis
Tannins, Volatile oil, Thujone
Astringent, antimicrobial, anti-infla,atory → mouth, throat, tonsil; promotes healing
Carminative
“Salvia is used as salve for healing”
S/E: Thujone toxicity in high dose
Thujone toxicity
Which herbs contain this?
Emmenagogue, abortifacient
Toxic dose → restlessness, tremor, hot flashes, dizziness, convulsion
- Achillia
- Salvia
Sambucus nigra
Flower: fever, conjunctivitis.thinitis, pharyngitis
Fruit: URI, influenza
diaphoretic, vulnerary
Lead could be for bruise spreain, wound and berry would be rheumatism
A/E: diatthea,
Safe
Symphytum officinale
Wounds, dermatitis, fratures
inflamamtion in respiratory system or GI
S/E: nausea
C/I: pregnancy and hepatotoxic
“Have sympathy for my wounds and tummy”
Trifolium pratense
Tannin, coumarin
Alternative, expectorant, antispasmodic, antifever
Childhood eczema, skin eruption, cough, skin cancer
C/I: Phytoestrogen → Breast cancer
I: Potentiate warfarin
“Three leaves = red clovers”
Constituent: Coumarins
Anti-inflammatory and lymph
Vaccinium myrtilis
- Blueberry-
Anthrocyanidins → varicose veins and myopathy/retinopathy
Hydroquinone → anti-septic properties in the kidney UTI/cystitis
Myrtillin → insulin → DM
Safe!
C/I: Pregancy/lacation
Interacton: hypoglycemic stuhs
Asclepias tuberosa
Indication, side effects, C/I, interaction
Constituents: Tannins, resin
Diaphoretic, expectorant, anti-tussicem antispamodic → URI (bronchitis, pleurisy, pertussis, pneumonia)
SE: nausea and upset stomach
C/I: Pregnancy due to uterine contraction
Interaction: cardiac glycosides (digoxin, Convallaria, Leonarus)
Aspidosperma quebracho
Indication, side effects, C/I, interaction
-LOW DOSE-
Stimulating expectorant for wet coughs, antimicrobial anti-tussve → TB, emphysema, pneumonia
SE: Overdose → nausea & vomiting
Ephedra sinica
Indication, side effects, C/I, interaction
-LOW DOSE-
Adrenergic agonist = bronchodilator, anti-allergic
→ bronchitis, asthma, sinusitis
SE: Overdose → sympathomimetic
C/I: HTN, Hyperthyroid, DM, BPH, glaucoma, Pregnancy, lactation
Interaction: Potentiates sympathomimetic and antagonizes alpha and beta blocker, TCA
Eucalptus globulus
Volatile oil, flavonoids, tannins
Anti-microbial, expectorant
Topical → MSK & skin
Essential oil use only
SE: concentrated dose → N/V
C/I: Hypotension, kidney compromised
Eupatorium perfoliatum
Volatile oil, flavonoids
Asteraceae family!
Diaphoretic, immune stimulant → flu remedy
C/I: Allergic reaction
Grindelia robusta
Resin
Asteraceae family!
Respiratory stimulant → Dry cough, URI, bronchitis
“roBUSTA move the spasmotic lungs”
C/I: allergic reaction, may cause selenium overdose
Safe!
Inula helenium
Asteraceae family!
Anti-parqasitic, anti-microbial, expectorant
Asthma, COPD, cough, URI,
intestinal parasite
SE: allergy
C/I: Pregnancy
“HELL 2 U! Bacteria in my lungs!”
Safe with Pregnancy herbs
Grindelia robusta
Plantago major
Lobelia inflata
- LOW DOSE -
Causes CNS stimulation, then respiratory depression
Stimulant expectorant, lung tonic, spasmolytic, vercin
URI, spasmotic cough, acute asth,a
S/E: n+V, death
C/I: heart conditions, dry cough, pregnancy/infants
Dosing:
Plantago major
Tannins, flavonoids, iridoids (anti-inflammatory)
Vulnerary, demulcent, astringent → GI conditions such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), diarrhea, constipation, and
Topically → hemorrhoids and skin ulcerations
Cough and mild exceptroant
Safe!
“Plantago for preganango good for tummy and skin”
Prunus serotina
- Action and indication
- Safety profile & contraindication
Anti-tussive & spamodic cough
bronchitis whoooping cough
S/E: Cyanogenic glycoside → large dose is toxic
C/I: Pregnancy
Sanguinaria canadensis
- LOW DOSE - Do not use internally
Eucharistic, antimicrobial → cervical dysplasia, BCC/SCC, tinea, warts (TOPICAL)
C/I: Pregnancy/lactation, infants, glaucoma
“Canada is a bitch with vaginal cancer and is in Vancouver, BCC”
Scutellaria lateriflora/baicalensis
Nervine, Anti-inflammatory
Insomnia/anxiety, pain, allergy
C/I: early pregnancy
Interaction: may potentiate warfarin
Thymus vulgaris
Volatile oil
antimicrobial and expectorant
Resp, wound, digestive infections
Large dose = NEUROTOXIC
C/I: Pregnancy
Tilea europa
Volatile oil
Diaphoretic, anti-tussive, spamolytic, analgesic, circulatory tonic
Cough and bronchitis
“In EUROPE, they walk on stone TILEA so they have good circulation”
Safe!
Tussilago farfara
Asteraceae Family!
Antitussive
Dry cough & dermatitis
SE: Potential hepatotoxicity and carcinogenic at a high dose
“TUSSive”
Verbascum Thapsus
Iridoid
Demulcent & anti-tussive, expectorant→
Asthma, COPD, cough, genito-urinary
Safe!
Artemisa annua
Asteraceae Family!
Anti-parasitic → Malaria
Anti-neoplastic → Cancer (leukemia & colon ca.)
SE: Allergies
C/I: Pregnancy/lactation
Combine with iron for optimal efficiency
Artemisa annual should be combined with which nutrient for optimal efficacy?
Iron
Baptisia tinctoria
-LOW DOSE-
Immune-stimulant,antimicrobial, anti-catarrhal → URI & pharyngitis
S/E: n/v, tachycardia, tachypnea
CI: Do not use long term & pregnancy/lactation
Commiphora myrrha
Anti-microbial → pharyngitis, anti tussive vough
topica → pharyngitis
oral → cough
C/I: Pregnancy/lactation
Cordyceps sinensis
Main interaction
Bronchodilator & antibitioc
asthma,
Interaction: Potentiates EPINEPHRINE
Larrea tridentata
Allergy, infection, cancer
Interaction: inhibits CYP450
C/I: Pregnancy
“The trifecta for cancer, allergy, and infection, but the TRIDENT will hurt the liver”
Ligusticum porteri
Antimicrobial, Antiviral
Respiratory infection
C/I: pregnancy, rash
Lomatium dissectum
Anti-fungal/viral/bacterial
A/E: WHOLE BODY RASH, photosensitization
“Dissect’em ALL infections”
Malaleuca alternifolia
TOPICAL only
Anti-fungal → dermatophytosis (athlete’s foot), onychomycosis, candidiasis
S/E: Burning sensation
C/I: Not for internal use or broken skin
“Malea all TEA tree oil”
Usnea barbata
Antimicrobial for infections
S/E: Hepatotoxic
Verbena officinalis
Nervinr, emmenagogu- menopause
Expectorant/diapretic - cold and flu
C/l: Pregnancy
Astralagus membranaceus
Adaptogen, immunomodulator
infections cancer
C/I: Autoimmune disease
Safe!
Echinacea species
Asteraceae family!
Imune stimulating, vulnerary, alterative
infection and wound
C/I: Autoimmune dz
Eleutherococcus senticosus
Adaptogen, immunomodulating, adrenal support
Infection, fatigue, hypoadrenocorticism
C/I: hypertension bc stimulating
“You are eleuthrosive when you;reon it because it boosts your ability to be stronger”
Ganoderma lucidum
“Reish”
Deep immune activation, adaptogen, nervine, anticancer
Interaction with autoimmune
Glucyrrhiza glabra
Adaptogen, phytoestrogen, hepatoprotective, expectorant, demulcent, antibateria, stimulating
lungs, GI, infection
SE: reduces thyroid activirty
CI: Pregnancy, HTN,
Interaction: gentimycin, quinidine, hypokalemic srugs (diuretics)
Ligustrum lucidum
Adaptogen, immunomodulator, anti-inflammatory, hypolipidemic
Good for adjunct chemotherapy
Interactoin: may antagonize immune suppression therapy
“Strumming musician with cancer and infection”
Same family as olive
Panax ginseng/quinquefolius
Volatile oil
Adaptogen, vulnerary, anti-tumor, hypoglycemic, phytoestrogen,
Diabetes, immune, fatigue
C/I: Pregnancy, HTN
Interaction: potentiate MAOI’s , an
Schisandra chinensis
Volatile oil, ascorbid acid
Adaptogen, hepatoprotective, anti tussive, expectorant, depression, stress
Interactions: inhibits CYP450
“Sandra is coughing with liver disease”
Withania somnifera
Steroidal lactones
- Adaptogen, immunomodulator, cognition
Stress and infection
C/I: Pregnancy
Interactions: Potentiates barbituates (sedatives)
Ceanothus americanus
Astringent
Liver/spleen dz, lymphadenopathy
Safe!!
“Cee, Americans have fatty Liver”
Galium aparaine
Iridoid monoterine
Diuretic, antinodular
UTI, urolithiasis, lymph
Safe!
Iris versicolor
- LOW DOSE-
Lymphatic alterative, cholagogue
Lymph, thyroid, biliary, skin
Phytolacca Americana
-LOW DOSE-
Alterative, lymphatic, anti-viral
Mastitis & URI
C/I: Pregnancy & high dose
Berberis aquifolium
Isoquinoline alkaloids
Bitter, alterative → Poor digestion
S/E: n/v
C/I: PUD, GERD, pregnancy
Interaction: PPI
“Aquifolium Mahonium”
Berberis vulgaris
Isoquinoline alkaloids
Bitter, cholagogue, anti-microial → liver disease, H.pylori,, poor digestion
S/E: n/v
C/I: PUD, GERD, pregnancy
Interaction: PPI
“Liver is VULGAR”
Chelidonium majus
Isoquinoline alkaloids
Alterative, choleretic, cholagogue, bitter
gall stone prevention
Topical: wartz, eczema, corns, malignant tumors
A/E: n/v
C/I: Hepatic failure, pregnancy, children, lactation
“CH is for cholegogue - big gall bladder remedy!”
Isoquinoline alkaloids
Hepatoprotective
Chionanthus virginicus
Cholagogue, alterative, bitter, diuretic
Topical: Wounds and inflammation
Internal: liver and gall bladder dysfunction
Olive family
“CH is for cholagogue”
Safe!
Curcuma longa
Hepatoprotective, cholagogue, antioxidant, anti-inflammtory, antineoplastic
Safe!
Cynara scolymus
Asteracea family!
Bitter, hypolipidemia
C/I: GERD, allergy
Hydrastis canadensis
Isoquinoline
Bitter, ntimicrobial, immune, H.pylori, cholegogue,
C/I: PPI
“King of mucous membrane”
Leptandra virginica
Bitter, hepatotonic, diaphoretic
Poor digestion and liver health
S/E: nausea
C/I: GERD, PUD
“Leptandra Heptandra - sweaty leprechaun with upset tummy”
Silybum marianum
Asteraceae family!
Hepatoprotective,
Interaction: acetomenaphin
“Sily, marinate the liver!”
Taraxacum officinale
Asteraceae family!
Leaf - kidney, UTI & stones
Root - hepatoprotective, bitter
C/I: GERD, PUD
Interaction: PPI
