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Natsumi - NPLEX 2 > Cardio Conditions > Flashcards

Cardio Conditions Flashcards

1
Q
  • MASSIVE heart with R/L S3 & S4 sounds
  • Alcohllism/thiamine deficiency, myocarditis, chemo
  • Arrhythmias

What do you suspect? Next step & treatment?

A

Dilated Cardiomyopathy

Echocardiogram*, BNP, ECG

Treatment:

  • Same as CHF = ACEi, ARB, Beta blocker, aldosterone antagonist, cardiac glycosides, vasodilators, antiarrthmics
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2
Q

What does BNP measure?

Which suspected conditions would you order them for?

A

B-type natriuretic peptide, is a hormone secreted by cardiomyocytes in the heart ventricles in response to stretching caused by increased ventricular blood volume.

Cardiomyopathy, CHF

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3
Q
  • Autosomal dominance inheritance (chromosome 14)
  • Hypertrophy of the ventricular septum than the left ventricular wall
  • Palpitations, angina with exertion, split S2/S4, palpble double apical impise

What do you suspect? Next step and tx?

A
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4
Q
  • Etiology: amyloidosis/sarcoidosis, myocardial fibrosis after open surgery, or radiation.

Feature:

  • Elevated JVP with gradually worsening SOB, progressive exercise intolerance, fatigue.
  • Loud early diastolic filling sound (S3)
  • Mitral & tricuspid valve regurgitation
A

Wchocardiogram

Chest x ray

vesntricular biopsy

Diurretics**

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5
Q

Which valve is most commonly affected in Endocarditis

A
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6
Q

Staph aureus and viridans

prostethis heart valve

opportunity bacterium

Clinical features:

petechiae on lefs, janeway legs, splinter hemorrange on nail

A

Enedocarditis

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7
Q

Janeway’s Lesion

A
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8
Q

Roth’s spot

A

Endocarditis

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9
Q

Osler’s node

A
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10
Q

A potential complication of endocarditis?

A

Echocardiogram blood culture

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11
Q

Endocarditiss teratment

A

IV antibiotics 4-6 weeks

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12
Q

Myocardits is usually ___ origin, __ valve is the most common valve involved (heart murmur). The gold standard to dx this treatment is ___.

Fever, chest pain, pericardial friction rub. elevated JVP

A
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13
Q

Myocarditis Tx

A
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14
Q
  • Diffuse ST elevation and PR depression accompanied with chest pain and friction rub.
  • Better leaning forward, worse leaning back
A

Acute pericarditis

ESR, CRP, Triponins I and T, serum creatinine kinase MB

ER!!!

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15
Q

Jones criteria

joint, carditis, subcutaneous nodules, erythema marinatum, subcutaneous nodules

A

Pediatric rheumatic heart disease

elevated level of anti sreptococcal antibodies

Penicillin and aspirin prednisone

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16
Q

CHF Tx

A

EMERFENT referral

use cardio meds

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17
Q

Ischemic heart disease

Angina

Stable angina worse with exertion

*BETA BLOKER

Prinzmetal angina/variant angianna- same sxs as stable but occurs at rest (between midnight and 8 AM)

NO AND CCB

Unstable angina

  • at rest (>20 min)

NO and heparin

A
18
Q

Chronic ischemic heart dz.

A

stress test and echo

19
Q

My chest feels like there’s an elephant sitting on my chest! The pain radiates upwards and lasts 20 minutes to several hours. Doesn’t get better with rest or nitroglycerin.

A

MONA BASH: Oxygen, aspirin

20
Q

A fibTx

A

can cause stroke

21
Q

Atrial premature beats

common in healthy heartd

A
22
Q

Arrhythmia gold standard investigation

A

ECG

23
Q

Ventricular Premature Beats

A
24
Q

When do you give pacemaker?

A

For second and third degree heart block

25
Q

Dizziness, lightheadedness, hypotension, chest pain

A
26
Q

Heart beats 100-300 bpm

A
27
Q

Ankle Brachial Index

value

A

Chronic arterial insufficiency/occlusion (<0.4 = ischemia)

Peripheral vascular disease (<0.9 = PVD)

28
Q

Tx for chronic rterial insufficiency

A

Aspirin, clopidogrel, pentoxifylline

29
Q

Chronic venous insufficiency

women > 50 yo

leathery , flakym itchy skin

feels full

painless ulcer formation abode medial mallepuos

A

Ulcer →

30
Q

Painful, cold extermities, finger and toes. NUmbe dry akin wu uclerations.

A
31
Q

WOmen smoking with fingers tyrning pale, blue, then red. Has cold, burning pain and numbness, Tx>

A
32
Q

Stasis Dermatitis

A
33
Q

A 55 y/o F of Northern European ascent PTC with abrupt monocular loss of vision, jaw claudication, and scalp tenderness. Also has a severe throbbing headache.

PMHx: polymyalgia rheumatica

Dx? Next step? Tx?

A

Temporal Arteritis/Giant cell arteritis

Biopsy of the temporal artery**

High dose prednisone for pain

34
Q

A 65 y/o M PTC with pain in the thorax.

A

Aortic Anyurism

Abdominal Ultrasound**

Monitor

35
Q
A

Varicose Vein

36
Q

Brodie-Trendelenburg Test

A

Varicose Vein

37
Q

Atherosclerosis Tx

A
  1. Life style: Diet, No smoke, exercise
  2. Antiplatelet: Aspirin
  3. ACE inhibitors, ARB
  4. Stains
38
Q

A 45 yo M with numbness in the extremities. He noticed cyanosis and thinning of his skin. He has increased sensitivity o cold

A
39
Q

50 yo M with leg pain that is relieved by rest. Noticed blue legs, ankles, and feet. His lower extremities feels colder and noticed some ulcer formation.

What do you suspect?

A

Peripheral vascular disease

Tx: avoid vasocontricrivve drugs, cold temp, risk factors

antiplatelet durgs

Amputation

40
Q

D-dimer lab test

A

DVT, DIC, PE

41
Q

What imaging do you use for Thrombophlebitis?

A

Doppler US to differentiate from DVT?

Natsumi - NPLEX 2 (37 decks)

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