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SAM > Nationale, anamnesis, status presens > Flashcards

Nationale, anamnesis, status presens Flashcards

1
Q

Signalment/ nationale

A

Name and address of owner
Permanent data of animal
Transient data of animal

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2
Q

Examples of permanent data of the animal

A 
Species
Breed
Sex
Colour 
Blood group
Permanent defects e.g missing limbs 
Type of coat
Forms of ears- pendulous, erect or cropped
State of tail- natural vs docked
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3
Q

Examples of transient data of the animal

A 
Age 
Body weight 
Height at withers
Brand marks
Microchip
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4
Q

Anamnesis/ History includes

A

Inquiries concerning the animal

Inquiries concerning the environment

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5
Q

Inquiries concerning the animal

A 
Health state 
Previous vet and other interventions 
Reproductive state 
Productivity
Transport
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6
Q

Inquiries concerning the animal: health state

A

How long has the animal been ill
Abnormalities observed
Any changes since the observation
Same or any other symptoms previously observed

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7
Q

Inquiries concerning the animal: previous vet and other interventions

A

Treatments
Immunizations- N.B check rabies vaccine with mouth/pharynx related problems
Dewormings
Previous surgeries

Interventions by others e.g enema, PO treatment, assistance during calving

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8
Q

Inquiries concerning the animal: Reproductive state

A

Female: estrus, partuition, contraceptives- pyometra
Male: mating
Neuters

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9
Q

Inquiries concerning the environment

A

Health state of the animal population
Husbandry
Nutrition

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10
Q

Inquiries concerning the environment: health state of the animal population

A

How many/ species of animals kept together
How many are ill
Previous diseases/symptoms and number infected
Any lab or instrumental exams performed
General epidemiological, parasitic state of the herd

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11
Q

Inquiries concerning the environment: Husbandry

A

Housing: indoor- plants. Outdoor- insecticides, rat poisin
Hygiene standards
Changes in people managing the animals

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12
Q

Inquiries concerning the environment: Nutrition

A

Quality and quantity of food
Feeding technology
Water intake
Faeces and urine

*Check the diet for up to a year previously, protein sources should be known

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13
Q

Status praesens= current state

*the order is important

A
  1. General impression
  2. Basic clinical values
  3. Skin
  4. Lymph nodes
  5. Mucous membranes
  6. Respiratory system
  7. CV system
  8. GI
  9. Urinary
  10. Genital
  11. Spleen and haematopoietic
  12. Hormonal
  13. Locomotion
  14. Nervous system
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14
Q

General impression: cat vs dog

A

Dog- let them walk around

Cat- keep in cage for as long as possible

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15
Q

General impression: areas to assess

A 
Body size 
Body shape and developmental state 
Nutritional condition
General condition, grooming 
Consciousness and behaviour 
Posture
Locomotion
Obvious abnormalities
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16
Q

General impression: Nutritional condition

A

Muscle
Thickness of SC tissue
BCS

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17
Q

BCS

A

Used to range from 1-5 now ranges from 1-9

Obese-overweight-normal-underweight-very thin-cachectic/emaciated

18
Q

General impression: General condition, grooming

A 
Hair 
Fleece
Footpads
Claw
Hoof
19
Q

General impression: consciousness and behaviour (general demeanor) 1

A
  1. Bright, alert- normal response to ext stimuli
  2. Dull, apathy- retarded response to ext stimuli
  3. Sopor- sleepiness
  4. Stupor- extreme delay in response to ext stimuli
  5. Coma- Unconsciousness, does not respond to even painful stimuli
20
Q

General impression: consciousness and behaviour (general demeanor) 2

A
  1. Nervous, tense- increased response to ext stimuli. Alert, but normal movement
  2. Restlessness- constant movement, usually caused by pain
  3. Mania- compulsive abnormal behaviour, vigorous licking and head pressing
  4. Frenzy- actions are now uncontrolled
21
Q

General impression: consciousness and behaviour (general demeanor) - Pathologic behaviour

A

Self- mutilation
Compulsive: head-pressing, walking in circles, mania
Convulsions, tail-chasing, fly biting
Aggression

22
Q

General impression: Posture

A 
Position of:
Head
Ears
Neck
Trunk
Spinal column
Legs 
Tail
Weight
23
Q

General impression: Posture if standing

A

Weight bearing equally on all legs

Legs not over or under extended

24
Q

General impression: Posture- spinal column

A

Arched, sagging- kyphosis, lordosis, scoliosis
Abduction of elbows
Stiff, extended neck

Lying on sternum/ side/ recumbent
Sitting position

25
Q

General impression: Locomotion/ Gait

A

Lameness, stilted gait, exaggerated flexion, stumbling, goose-stepping- could indicate meningitis/ ataxia

Frequency: constant, intermittent or increased with exercise

26
Q

General impression- obvious abnormalities

of spinal cord?

A

Lordosis- upwards
Kyphosis- downwards
“Praying “ position- chronic pain e.g pancreatitis

27
Q

What are the basic clinical values

A

Temperature
Heart rate
Breathing rate/ minute

28
Q

Normal temp in the dog

A

38.2- 39.1

29
Q

Normal temp in cats

A

38.5-39.3

30
Q

Normal heart rate/ pulse

A

Consider: at clinic the animal is more nervous

31
Q

Pulse in dogs in the clinic vs at home

A

Clinic: 60-70 — 140(180)

At home: 60–70

32
Q

Pulse in cats in the clinic vs at home

A

Clinic: 140 — 180 (200)

At home: 120–130

33
Q

Breathing rate/ minute

A

Clinic: <40
At home: <30
Sleeping: <25

34
Q

What increases temp?

A

Sun, work, excitement, feeding, heating
Fever, inflamm, abnormalities of heat centre
Unregulated hyperthermia- heat stroke, uncontrolled muscle contraction (maybe in seizures?)

35
Q

What decreases temp?

A 
Cooling 
Few days before calving 
Exhaustion
Cachexia
Opened anus 
Hypovolaemic shock
Barbiturate toxicosis

*changes in temp depend on species, breed, age, sex, condition NOT SIZE!

36
Q

What factors influence pulse?

A

Species, breed, temperment, excitement, age, sex, training

37
Q

Where do we take the pulse?

A

The A femoralis medial thigh

38
Q

Increase of breathing rate per minute

A 
Tachypnoea, polypnea 
Fever
Narrowing/ Obstruction of airways 
Decreased breathing surface
Obstruction of diaphragm
Painful systemic disease
Central nervous irritation- encephalitis, epilepsy
Decreased O2 of blood- anemia, CO toxicosis
39
Q

Tachypnoea, polypnea: narrowing/ obstruction of airways

A 
Inflamm 
FB
Larynx paralysis
Edema 
Tracheal hypoplasia or collapse 
Neoplasm
Bronchitis
40
Q

Tachypnoea, polypnea: decreased breathing surface

A 
Pneuomonia
Lung edema 
Neoplasm
Abscess 
Pneumo, hydro, haemo thorax
Pleuritis
41
Q

Tachypnoea, polypnea: obstruction of diaphragm

A

Tetanus
Ascites
Gastric torsion
Meteorism

42
Q

Decrease of breathing rate per minute

A

Oligopnoe, bradypnoe
Encephalitis between the excited periods
Brain edema
Toxicosis

SAM (16 decks)

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