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pathophysiology > naming and classifying bacteria quiz > Flashcards

naming and classifying bacteria quiz Flashcards

1
Q

what are infectious diseases caused by

A

viruses, bacteria, fungi , parasites

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2
Q

most bacteria is not is not dangerous

A

yes

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3
Q

clinically significant

A

bacteria that are linked to disease

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4
Q

like other species, how are bacteria named

A

by binomial nomenclature

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5
Q

what is binomial nomenclature

A

two words: genus and species

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6
Q

typically many species for

A

for one genus

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7
Q

binomial nomenclature should always be

A

italicized in print

underlined in writing

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8
Q

first letter of genus in binomial nomenclature

A

capitalized

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9
Q

species name in binomial nomenclature

A

entirely lower case

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10
Q

there are often many species

A

in a genus

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11
Q

members of a species can _____ through

A

vary a lo through horizontal gene transfer

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12
Q

what is the genetic material of bacteria

A

one large circular chromosome… called plasmid

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13
Q

why are bacteria much harder to classify tan more complex species

A

horizontal gene transfer

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14
Q

horizontal gene transfer

A

passing of DNA into bacteria

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15
Q

three main ways of horizontal gene transfer

A

transformation
transduction
conjugation

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16
Q

transformation

A

“naked” DNA is absorbed by bacterium and worked into its DNA

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17
Q

transduction

A

DNA is injected by a bacteriophage

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18
Q

bacteriophage

A

bacteria-infecting virus

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19
Q

conjugation

A

DNA is spread from bacterium to bacterium through(cell to cell contact) sex pilus

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20
Q

horizontal gene transfers caused there to be many

A

many strains of any species

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21
Q

different strains of a species can be very unique…..

A

VERY unique

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22
Q

in most cases of bacteria; inheriting just one gene will a grant a bacterium….

A
  • resistance to certain antibiotics
  • the ability to synthesize a new nutrient
  • or the ability cling to a new surface
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23
Q

metric by which bacteria are classified

A
  • color
  • morphology
  • flagellation
  • staining
  • growth on various agars
  • oxygen dependence
  • other habitat preferences
  • spore formation
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24
Q

how do we classify bacteria w color

A

bacteria secrete pigments or colored particles, they are sometimes fluorescent

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25
Q

colors can also be used to identify

A

microbes

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26
Q

classifying using morphology

A

classified with their shape

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27
Q

(rounds) a circle

A

cocci

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28
Q

two round circles

A

diplococci

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29
Q

pill shape

A

coccobacilli

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30
Q

rod-shaped

A

bacilli

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31
Q

two other shapes

A

curved and spiral

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32
Q

in many cases the name of the genus comes from the

A

shape of the bacterium

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33
Q

curved bacteria often called

A

vibrio

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34
Q

many bacteria have flagellation…

A

to help them move

35
Q

flagellation comes in what forms

A

monotrichous
lophotrichous
amphitrichous
peritrichous

36
Q

monotrichous

A

just one flagellum

37
Q

lophotrichous

A

just one “tuft” of flagella

38
Q

amphitrichous

A

having flagella on both sides

39
Q

peritrichous

A

surrounded by flagella

40
Q

flagella are made of what

A

flagellin

41
Q

classifying with stain

A

results of gram stain

42
Q

on a gram stain purple

A

is a positive result

43
Q

what bacteria usually have a purple stain

A

bacteria have thick layers (usually 30-40 layers) of peptidoglycan

44
Q

on a gram stain pink

A

is a negative result

45
Q

what bacteria usually has a pink stain

A

bacteria usually have much thinner layers of peptidoglycan, as thin as 1-2layers

46
Q

some bacteria don’t stain with a gram stain

A

especially ones that grow in eukaryotic cells

47
Q

bacteria are grown in cultures on

A

agar

48
Q

agar

A

gel-like substance

49
Q

agars can be packed with

A

various substances like antibiotics, nutrients, blood

50
Q

classifying with agars

A

depending on how they grow on those plates

51
Q

example of a special type of medium (agar)

A

blood agar

52
Q

blood agar

A

bacteria are plated with blood to see what happens

53
Q

things that can happen with blood agar

A

gamma hemolysis
alpha hemolysis
beta hemolysis

54
Q

gamma hemolysis

A

means that bacteria do not break blood

55
Q

alpha hemolysis

A

means that the bacteria partially break blood

56
Q

beta hemolysis

A

means that the bacteria fully break blood

57
Q

blood agar can be very

A

important diagnostic tool… especially for Streptococcus species

58
Q

oxygen is required

A

for human cells, not all bacteria

59
Q

when can oxygen be bad

A

when it forms toxic compounds such as peroxides or superoxides

60
Q

classifying with oxygen dependence

A

classified by their relationship

with oxygen

61
Q

types of relationships with oxygen for bacteria

A

obligate anaerobes
obligate aerobes
facultative anaerobes
aerotolerant bacteria

62
Q

obligate anaerobes

A

bacteria that can only survive if oxygen is absent

63
Q

obligate aerobes

A

bacteria that can only survive if oxygen is present

64
Q

ex obligate anaerobes

A

Clostridium ( cause of gangrene )

65
Q

ex obligate aerobes

A

Pseudomonas

66
Q

facultative anaerobes

A

bacteria that prefer to use oxygen-based respiration but can also survive in oxygen-free homes

67
Q

ex of facultative anaerobes

A

Staphylococcus, Streptococcus)

68
Q

aerotolerant bacteria

A

bacteria that do not use oxygen-based respiration but can survive if oxygen is present

69
Q

classifying with other preferred living conditions

A

based on preferred living arrangements

70
Q

different preferences for bacteria living conditions (temp)

A

thermophiles
psychrophiles
mesophiles

71
Q

thermophiles

A

like it hot

72
Q

psychrophiles

A

like it cold

73
Q

mesophiles

A

body temp

74
Q

different preferences for bacteria living conditions (acidity)

A

acidophiles
alkaliphiles
neutrophiles

75
Q

acidophiles

A

like it acidic

76
Q

alkaliphiles

A

like it basic

77
Q

neutrophiles

A

like it neutral

78
Q

body temp

A

37 degrees C

79
Q

blood pH

A

7.4

80
Q

classifying with spore formation

A

spores or no spores

81
Q

special survival mechanism of some bacteria

A

ability to form endospore

82
Q

bacterial cells that can form an endospore

A

divide and then wrap the important stuff inside a thick double-layered cell wall and lay dormant until conditions turn more favorable

83
Q

bacteria that can form an endospore are immune to

A

to many things like extreme temperature and can wait years before reactivating

pathophysiology (24 decks)

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