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pathophysiology > escherichia > Flashcards

escherichia Flashcards

1
Q

Escherichia are gram what?

A

gram-negative

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2
Q

Escherichia shape

A

bacilli

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3
Q

what temp do Escherichia like

A

mesophilic

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4
Q

do Escherichia form spores

A

No

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5
Q

Escherichia relationship with oxygen

A

facultative anaerobes

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6
Q

Escherichia make up what % of human GI flora

A

0.1 %

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7
Q

what is the “claim to fame” of Escherichia

A

conversion of digested K1 into K2

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8
Q

Vitamin K2 is

A

it’s active form in humans

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9
Q

how many species in the Escherichia genus

A

5-6 known

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10
Q

Escherichia can divide in

A

just 20 minutes

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11
Q

a newborn’s intestine will typically be colonized with Escherichia within

A

40 hours of birth

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12
Q

who discovered Escherichia

A

Theodor Escherich in 1886

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13
Q

E. coli is most linked to what categories of disease

A
  • infection of GI tract
  • Urinary Tract Infection
  • Meningitis
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14
Q

E. coli cause infection of the GI tract gist

A

colonization of virulent strain in GI tract can cause bad things

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15
Q

what bad things can colonization of virulent strains of E. coli in GI tract cause

A

diarrhea and dysentery

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16
Q

dysentery

A

diarrhea with blood

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17
Q

E. coli is responsible for how much of UTIs

A

about 85%

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18
Q

how does E. coli cause a UTI

A

passed from the fecal/oral route to the urethra or bladder

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19
Q

E. coli is how much more commen in girls

A

14x … urethra is shorter

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20
Q

Meningitis caused by E. coli is usally only commono in

A

neonates, requires entry into the bloodstream plus the K1 antigen

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21
Q

what does the K1 antigen help E. coli do in meningitis

A

helps it pass through the BBB (brain blood barrier) into the meninges

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22
Q

how does E. coli spread

A

through the fecal-oral route

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23
Q

what does it mean that E. coli spreads through the fecal-oral route

A

feces of fecal matter infected materials must enter the mouth of someone

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24
Q

how does the fecal-oral route usually spread

A

dirty water or inadequate hand-washing after using the bathroom

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25
Q

E. coli spread is closely linked to what food

A

ground beef

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26
Q

most important species of Escherichia is

A

Escherichia coli

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27
Q

E. coli comes in many different

A

serotypes

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28
Q

serotypes

A

different strains catalogued by their surface antigens (think lancefield)

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29
Q

Escherichia coli serotypes are grouped based on what surface antigens

A

Oligosaccharides
Flagellal structure
Capsule

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30
Q

Escherichia coli serotypes are grouped based on what surface antigens KNEUMONIC

A

O- Oligosaccharides
H-Flagellal structure
K - Capsule

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31
Q

Oligosaccharides as a surface antigen of E. coli

A

structure of sugar chains at the outer tip of LPS

32
Q

how many LPS structures known in E. coli

A

173

33
Q

how many unique flagellal structures known of E.coli

A

53

34
Q

Capsule E.coli

A

he structure of the protein on the outermost layer of E. coli

35
Q

how many unique structure known capsule e. coli

A

60

36
Q

serotypes of E. coli are another example of

A

antigenic variation

37
Q

leading disease-causing stereotype of E. coli

A

E. coli O157 : H7

and K antigen does not matter in this case

38
Q

O antigen is

A

Oligosaccharides, somatic `

39
Q

E. coli, being negative…. have

A

many fimbriae

40
Q

most important type of fimbriae that E. coli have

A

type I fimbriae

41
Q

type 1 fimbriae

A

ecspecially sticky to cells that line the small intestine and/or bladder

42
Q

type 1 fimbriae allow

A

bacteria to stick to cells that line the small intestine and/or bladder

43
Q

once E.coli sticks to cells that line the small intestine and/or bladder

A

secrete an exotoxin

44
Q

which exotoxins would E.coli secrete once attached to cells that line small intestine and or bladder

A

LT, STa, or STb

45
Q

E.coli secreting exotoxins LT, STa, or STb»» would

A

increase levels of cGMP in the intestine

46
Q

when levels of cGMP are increased in the intesine by E coli

A
  • stopping water absorption in the intestines,

- leaving more fluid in the intestinal lumen and triggering diarrhea.

47
Q

one dominant virulence factor of very bad E coli

A

Stx

48
Q

Stx

A

shiga toxin

49
Q

Virulent E. coli express that shiga toxins

A

Stx1 or Stx2

50
Q

Stx2 compared to Stx1

A

400 times as potentt

51
Q

what an exotoxin agin???

A

secreted proteins

52
Q

what do Stxs first do when release

A

receptors on human intestinal endothelial cells to enter the cells

53
Q

the receptors on intestinal endothelial cells that Stxs bind to

A

NOT FOUND IN ANIMALS

54
Q

since the the receptors on intestinal endothelial cells that Stxs bind to are not found in animals

A

allows virulent strains to grow in animals harmlessly before humans consume them

55
Q

when shiga toxin enters human intestinal endothelial

A

one part of a shiga toxin binds to and cleaves an important part of ribosomes in those endothelial cells, halts function

56
Q

if endothelial cells have no functioning ribosomes

A

no proteins»> cell death

57
Q

what receptors do shiga toxins bind to….maybe

A

GB3

58
Q

most dangerous E. coli strains like O157 : H7 are called

A

enterohemorrhagic

59
Q

what does it mean to be enterohemorrhagic

A

disrupt the GI tract and cause hemorrhage (bleeding)

60
Q

what sometimes causes E. coli to be enterohemorrhagic

A

cell death from Shiga toxin

61
Q

other times, what causes E. coli to be enterohemorrhagic

A

protein enterohemolysin

62
Q

enterohemolysin

A

breaks apart blood, only acts in intestines

63
Q

REALLY BAD E. COLI STRAINS

A

can carry both the genes for a Shiga toxin and enterohemolysin

64
Q

some E. coli strains re linked to what syndrome

A

hemolytic uremic syndrome

65
Q

in hemolytic uremic syndrome there is

A

broken down blood (from hemolysins) and/or tissue (from shiga toxins

66
Q

hemolytic uremic syndrome broken down blood and or tissue leads too

A

mini-clots forming, traveling, and eventually and clogging capillaries

67
Q

clots from hemolytic uremic syndrome

A

clots spread through the body usually have the biggest impact on kidneys

68
Q

clots from hemolytic uremic syndrome effect on kidneys

A

begin to fail and die

69
Q

end result of hemolytic uremic syndrome

A

blood in the urine that onsets 5-10 days after initial E. coli onset

70
Q

E. coli causes what % of UTIs

A

85%

71
Q

in UTIs caused by E. coli, bacteria

A

get into the urinary tract

72
Q

when E. coli enters the urinary tract…

A

problems begin if they hit the bladder

73
Q

E. coli in the urinary tract can move even

A

further upstream to the ureters or kidneys

74
Q

symptoms of UTI caused by E. coli

A
  • strong urge to urinate
  • unproductive urination
  • cloudy urine
75
Q

treatment E. coli

A

antibiotics.. but resistance is becoming a problem…

pathophysiology (24 decks)

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