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pathophysiology > myobacteria quiz NOOO its 2;30 am this is a cry for help > Flashcards

myobacteria quiz NOOO its 2;30 am this is a cry for help Flashcards

1
Q

myocobacterium genus gram

A

?

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2
Q

myocobacterium shape

A

long skinny bacilli

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3
Q

myocobacterium relationship with oxygen

A

obligate aerobes

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4
Q

myocobacterium spores

A

don’t form them

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5
Q

myocobacterium flagella

A

aflagellate

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6
Q

myocobacterium temp

A

mesophilic

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7
Q

aflagellate

A

no flagella

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8
Q

myocobacterium generation time

A

SLOW … hard to culture

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9
Q

myocobacterium PARASITE??!!

A

obligate parasites

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10
Q

obligate parasites

A

can only grow in humans

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11
Q

M. leprae cannot even be cultured unless

A

human macrophages are plated with it

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12
Q

since Mycobacterium species are not categorized as gram positive or gram negative

A

called acid-fast

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13
Q

acid-fast

A

that all initial dyes are retained instead of washed away

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14
Q

acid-fast means gram stain

A

bad idea sis

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15
Q

Mycobacteria cell wall

A

thick and waxy, composed of mycolic acid

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16
Q

mycolic acid

A

lipid-like compound which holds in dyes

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17
Q

mycolic acid is the

A

primary virulence factor of mycobacteria

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18
Q

why is Mycolic acid is also the primary virulence factor of Mycobacteria

A

because it stops phagosome/lysosome fusion.

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19
Q

most clinically relevant mycobacterium species

A

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

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20
Q

Mycobacterium tuberculosis where does it infect

A

many places, most commonly the lungs

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21
Q

what percentage of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infections are in the lungs

A

90% ish

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22
Q

why are most tuberculosis infections in the lungs

A

bacterial dependence on oxygen

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23
Q

how much of population has a tuberculosis infection (TB)

A

1/3

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24
Q

tuberculosis infections can be categorized as

A

-latent infection

active infection

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25
Q

latent infection of TB is

A

LTBI

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26
Q

active infection of TB is

A

ATBI

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27
Q

latent tuberculosis infection

A
  • bacteria have colonized but do not cause obvious symptoms

- maybe people never progress beyond this stage.

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28
Q

active tuberculosis infection

A

Only about 10% of people with LTBI will develop ATBI (unless HIV-positiv

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29
Q

mortality rate if ATBI

A

over 50% if not treated

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30
Q

spread of TB is

A

entirely human to human

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31
Q

how is TB PASSED

A

aerosols from:

  • speaking
  • singing
  • coughing
  • sneezing
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32
Q

one sneeze from TB person

A

40,000 droplets

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33
Q

infections dose of TB

A

SMALL»> only 10 bacteria

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34
Q

TB is the ___ cause of death

A

2nd, to HIV»> NOW IT 1 DOE

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35
Q

how much of US population tests positive

A

5-10%

36
Q

in some Asian and African countries, TB rates can be as high as

A

80%

37
Q

to work at a healthcare facility….. a person in the US must pass

A

PPD test

38
Q

PPD test

A

purified protein derivative test

39
Q

what happens in PPD test

A

mall amounts of M. tuberculosis antigens are injected to see if the body reacts and forms a bump

40
Q

if PPD test is positive

A

you must go through extra testing to ensure you will not pass your TB on to patients`

41
Q

after initial infection of TB symptoms

A

flu-like symptoms

42
Q

f TB progresses to ATBI, the predominant symptoms will be:

A
  • chest pain
  • night sweats/fever
  • persistent (3+ week) and productive cough
  • weight loss
  • loss of appetite
43
Q

where can M. tuberculosis survive

A

inside the phagosome of a macrophage

44
Q

why can M. tuberculosis can survive inside the phagosome of a macrophage

A

mycolic acid coat prevents destruction by lysosom

45
Q

mycolic acid cause the M. tuberculosis in the phagosome to

A

reproduces until it eventually kills the host macrophage.

46
Q

what happens after M. tuberculosis kills the macrophage

A

more macrophages come, consume the dead ones, and fuse their contents together.

47
Q

cycle of M. tuberculosis growth

A

repeats and repeats until formation of Langhans giant cell

48
Q

Langhans giant cell

A

giant, multinucleate cell called a Langhans

49
Q

A Langhans giant cell is a multinucleate cell with a

A

characteristic horseshoe shape

50
Q

after the formation of a Langhans giant cell by M. tuberculosis in macrophages the response is

A

large cellular mass»»> granuloma

51
Q

granuloma (TB)

A

a layer of T cells, B cells, and calcium

52
Q

(TB)when there is granuloma it is

A

is a latent infection (LTBI)

53
Q

in many cases, the granuloma *TB)

A

holds the bacteria for life (YAY)

54
Q

sometimes the granuloma (TB)

A

liquifies and the bacteria escape

55
Q

if the M. tuberculosis stay in the lungs after escaping the granuloma

A

causes ABTI

56
Q

if M. tuberculosis invade bloodstream after escaping granuoma

A

miliary tuberculosis

57
Q

miliary tuberculosis

A

granulomas forming across the body

58
Q

miliary tuberculosis ends in

A

death if untreated

59
Q

tuberculosis treatment

A

antibiotics

60
Q

tuberculosis antibiotic treatment length

A

minimum of six months of multi-antibiotic treatment to clear all granulomas

61
Q

many people with TB in developping countries

A

do not complete their antibiotic courses

62
Q

result of people in developping countries not completing TB treatment

A
  • MDR-TB

- XDR-TB

63
Q

MDR-TB

A

multi-drug resistant TB

64
Q

XDR-TB

A

extensively-drug resistant TB

65
Q

how much to clear regular TB

A

$440

66
Q

treatment for MDR-TB

A

140, 000

67
Q

treatment XDR-TB

A

430,000

68
Q

what causes leprosy

A

Mycobacterium leprae

69
Q

leprosy other name

A

Hansen’s disease

70
Q

leprosy is in BIBLE

A

but is rare, lepers were probs people with bacterial or fungal skin infections

71
Q

leprosy comes from

A

granulomas in the connective tissue below the skin or nerve cells

72
Q

granulomas in the connective tissue below the skin causes

A

boils

73
Q

granulomas in nerve cells

A

neurodegeneration

74
Q

leprosy latency period

A

LONG AF….. long as 20 years

75
Q

about how many people with leprosy develop symptoms

A

5%

76
Q

primary symptoms of leprosy

A

lumps on the skin

77
Q

if leprosy hits active form……

A

sheds original granulosas and colonize Schwann cells

78
Q

which Schwann cells do M. leprae colonize

A

Schwann cells wrapped around axons of neurons

79
Q

resulting damage from leprosy sheding their original granulosas and colonizing Schwann cells wrapped around the axons of neurons

A

resulting damage and inflammation»> irreversible nerve damage»» death

80
Q

M. leprae spreads much better in parts of the body

A

with lower temperatures

81
Q

places where M. leprae spreads good

A

eyebrows, face, fingers, elbows, and scrotum

82
Q

It is thought that M. leprae underwent

A

reverse zoonosis

83
Q

reverse zoonosis M. leprae

A

from humans to armadillos

84
Q

why did leprosy go to armadillos

A

ow body temperature made them excellent reservoirs for leprosy

85
Q

armadillos

A

now probably pass leprosy back to humans

pathophysiology (24 decks)

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