myobacteria quiz NOOO its 2;30 am this is a cry for help Flashcards
myocobacterium genus gram
?
myocobacterium shape
long skinny bacilli
myocobacterium relationship with oxygen
obligate aerobes
myocobacterium spores
don’t form them
myocobacterium flagella
aflagellate
myocobacterium temp
mesophilic
aflagellate
no flagella
myocobacterium generation time
SLOW … hard to culture
myocobacterium PARASITE??!!
obligate parasites
obligate parasites
can only grow in humans
M. leprae cannot even be cultured unless
human macrophages are plated with it
since Mycobacterium species are not categorized as gram positive or gram negative
called acid-fast
acid-fast
that all initial dyes are retained instead of washed away
acid-fast means gram stain
bad idea sis
Mycobacteria cell wall
thick and waxy, composed of mycolic acid
mycolic acid
lipid-like compound which holds in dyes
mycolic acid is the
primary virulence factor of mycobacteria
why is Mycolic acid is also the primary virulence factor of Mycobacteria
because it stops phagosome/lysosome fusion.
most clinically relevant mycobacterium species
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Mycobacterium tuberculosis where does it infect
many places, most commonly the lungs
what percentage of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infections are in the lungs
90% ish
why are most tuberculosis infections in the lungs
bacterial dependence on oxygen
how much of population has a tuberculosis infection (TB)
1/3
tuberculosis infections can be categorized as
-latent infection
active infection
latent infection of TB is
LTBI
active infection of TB is
ATBI
latent tuberculosis infection
- bacteria have colonized but do not cause obvious symptoms
- maybe people never progress beyond this stage.
active tuberculosis infection
Only about 10% of people with LTBI will develop ATBI (unless HIV-positiv
mortality rate if ATBI
over 50% if not treated
spread of TB is
entirely human to human
how is TB PASSED
aerosols from:
- speaking
- singing
- coughing
- sneezing
one sneeze from TB person
40,000 droplets
infections dose of TB
SMALL»> only 10 bacteria
TB is the ___ cause of death
2nd, to HIV»> NOW IT 1 DOE
how much of US population tests positive
5-10%
in some Asian and African countries, TB rates can be as high as
80%
to work at a healthcare facility….. a person in the US must pass
PPD test
PPD test
purified protein derivative test
what happens in PPD test
mall amounts of M. tuberculosis antigens are injected to see if the body reacts and forms a bump
if PPD test is positive
you must go through extra testing to ensure you will not pass your TB on to patients`
after initial infection of TB symptoms
flu-like symptoms
f TB progresses to ATBI, the predominant symptoms will be:
- chest pain
- night sweats/fever
- persistent (3+ week) and productive cough
- weight loss
- loss of appetite
where can M. tuberculosis survive
inside the phagosome of a macrophage
why can M. tuberculosis can survive inside the phagosome of a macrophage
mycolic acid coat prevents destruction by lysosom
mycolic acid cause the M. tuberculosis in the phagosome to
reproduces until it eventually kills the host macrophage.
what happens after M. tuberculosis kills the macrophage
more macrophages come, consume the dead ones, and fuse their contents together.
cycle of M. tuberculosis growth
repeats and repeats until formation of Langhans giant cell
Langhans giant cell
giant, multinucleate cell called a Langhans
A Langhans giant cell is a multinucleate cell with a
characteristic horseshoe shape
after the formation of a Langhans giant cell by M. tuberculosis in macrophages the response is
large cellular mass»»> granuloma
granuloma (TB)
a layer of T cells, B cells, and calcium
(TB)when there is granuloma it is
is a latent infection (LTBI)
in many cases, the granuloma *TB)
holds the bacteria for life (YAY)
sometimes the granuloma (TB)
liquifies and the bacteria escape
if the M. tuberculosis stay in the lungs after escaping the granuloma
causes ABTI
if M. tuberculosis invade bloodstream after escaping granuoma
miliary tuberculosis
miliary tuberculosis
granulomas forming across the body
miliary tuberculosis ends in
death if untreated
tuberculosis treatment
antibiotics
tuberculosis antibiotic treatment length
minimum of six months of multi-antibiotic treatment to clear all granulomas
many people with TB in developping countries
do not complete their antibiotic courses
result of people in developping countries not completing TB treatment
- MDR-TB
- XDR-TB
MDR-TB
multi-drug resistant TB
XDR-TB
extensively-drug resistant TB
how much to clear regular TB
$440
treatment for MDR-TB
140, 000
treatment XDR-TB
430,000
what causes leprosy
Mycobacterium leprae
leprosy other name
Hansen’s disease
leprosy is in BIBLE
but is rare, lepers were probs people with bacterial or fungal skin infections
leprosy comes from
granulomas in the connective tissue below the skin or nerve cells
granulomas in the connective tissue below the skin causes
boils
granulomas in nerve cells
neurodegeneration
leprosy latency period
LONG AF….. long as 20 years
about how many people with leprosy develop symptoms
5%
primary symptoms of leprosy
lumps on the skin
if leprosy hits active form……
sheds original granulosas and colonize Schwann cells
which Schwann cells do M. leprae colonize
Schwann cells wrapped around axons of neurons
resulting damage from leprosy sheding their original granulosas and colonizing Schwann cells wrapped around the axons of neurons
resulting damage and inflammation»> irreversible nerve damage»» death
M. leprae spreads much better in parts of the body
with lower temperatures
places where M. leprae spreads good
eyebrows, face, fingers, elbows, and scrotum
It is thought that M. leprae underwent
reverse zoonosis
reverse zoonosis M. leprae
from humans to armadillos
why did leprosy go to armadillos
ow body temperature made them excellent reservoirs for leprosy
armadillos
now probably pass leprosy back to humans
