Nagi's 7th Lecture Blood Flashcards
What is the count of the WBCs
4000-10000 micro-cubical
The stem cell of the leucocytes go in two production pathways what are they
Myeloid
And lymphoid
What are the cells of the myeloid line
Neutrophils
Monocytes
Eosinophils
Basophils
What does the neutrophils do
They are the main microphages
How much time does the neutrophils live
Few hours
What is the function of the monocytes
They travel the blood for 72 hours then they enter the tissues like liver bones and kidney and work as macrophages
How much the macrophages live
For many years
What does the eosinophils do
They are produce plasmin
They fight parasites
And they have a weak phagocytosis activity
What does the basophils do
Histamine
Haprin
No phagocytic activity
What are the products of the lymphoid line
Small lymphocytes (specific ) (B/T cells)
Large lymphocytes (non specific)(natural killers)
What is the is the half time of the neutrophils
6 hours
What is the first defensive line in the acute inflammation
Macrophages (neutrophils )
What happens when a basophils enter a tissue
It become mast cell
What is the life spam of lymphocytes
It is several daya to months
What are the causes of the inflammation
Infection ,trama ,chemical agent ,extreme cold or heat
What are the characteristics of inflammation
vasodilation Redness heat Increased capillaries permeability Swelling
What are the steps of phagocytosis
1-migration:
The inflammatory substances stick the neutrophils and the macrophages to the endothelial wall of the capillaries
2-diapedesis: they squeeze themselves through the pores
3-ameboid movement: to the inflammation site by
4-chemotaxis
5-opsonization:with Ig G
6-phagocytosis
What is the name of the macrophages in the liver
Kupffer cells
What is the name is the macrophages of the bones
osteoclasts
What is the name of the macrophages in the brain
Microglia
What are the 4 lines of macrophages and neutrophils response to inflammation
1- tissues macrophages
2- microphages
3- new macrophages
4- increased WBCs production ,mast cells,basophils
What does the leukopenia means
Decrease leukocytes count
What does agranulocytosis means
No leukocytes in the blood
What does leukocytosis means
Increased WBCs count
Leukemia malignant
Is bone marrow cancer
What are the mechanisms of the non specific immunity
1- mechanical and chemical barriers
2- cellular mechanisms
3-humoral mechanisms
What does the mechanical and chemical non specific immunity contain
1- epithial coat :
Skin,GIT,respiratory tract
2- mucosa
3- acid section in vagina
What does the cellular mechanisms of the non specific immunity contain
1-microphoges
2-macrophages
3- natural killers
What does the natural killers do
هي الخلايا صايعة خريجة شوارع و بتضرب الخطير هو و بيتو
1 malignant cells
2 cells infected by viruses
What does activate natural killers
Alpha-interferen
Antigen -antibodies complex
Interleukin
What does the humoral mechanisms of the non specific immunity contain
خمس شغلات ٤ منن بروتين 1-lysosome 2-interferons 3-properdin 4-acute phase proteins 5-complement system
What does the interferons do?
It interfere with the virus production It has three types alphat beta gamma Alpha: increase NK activity Beta:it has antiviral activty Gamma: increases macrophages
بيلعب مع الكبار +١٨
What does the acute phase proteins do
They a proteins that manufactured in the liver and they are anti inflammatory
What is the example of the acute phase proteins and what it is clinical use
It is C reactive it is secreted when an inflammation happens or tissue distraction
For example in the rheumatoid fever if this protein is increased in the blood that means we a damage in the heart
What does the complement system do
It complete the process that has been stated by the antibodies by exploding the antibodies-antigen complex
The specific immunity start the process by binding and he completes it by finishing
What are the results of the complement system activation
1-agglutination (التقيد) Invade the adhere organism 2-neutralization of toxic sites 3- putting perforin(pores forming molecules ) 4-chemotaxis 5-opsonization 6-formation of fragments that produce histamine so VD and increase capillaries permeability عملية اعدام بالرصاص تقييد شيل القنابل تخريم مناداة الجنود لشيل الجثة وضع ريحية حلوة مشان يقدروا يشوبوها كب مي و تنظيف البواقي
What is the function of the properdin
It provides an alternative activation pathway to the complement system in case of non existent of the antibodies-antigen complex
