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Physiology > Autonomic > Flashcards

Autonomic Flashcards

1
Q

Do the both myelinated and unmyelinated have schwan cells and what is the difference

A

Yes they both have but in the inmyelinated it is not active

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2
Q

Why is the schwan cells are so important

A

Because they form the neurolemma that give the neurons the ability to regenerate

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3
Q

Which part of the body was a ganglion in the embryonic life

A

The adrenal madula

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4
Q

They sympathitic do vasoconstriction in all vessels except

A

The somatic vessels

Coronary arteries

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5
Q

How does the sympathetic effect the reticular formation

A

It lowers the threshold so we get more alerted

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6
Q

What is horner’s syndrome

A

It is any lesion ior tumer or trama to the cervical ganglion or T1,T2

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7
Q

What does horner syndrome do

A

It cause lose unilateral sympathetic supply to the neck and head

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8
Q

What does the scaral centers control in the ANS

A

Erection
Defeation
Peeing

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9
Q

What does the madulla oblingata control in the ANS

A

Cardio vascular

Respiration

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10
Q

What does the mid brain control in the ANS

A

The eye

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11
Q

What does the hypothalamus control in the ANS

A

Thermostat
Glucostat
Appetitestat

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12
Q

What does the lympbic system control in the ANS

A

The emotional reflexes

The behavioral reflexes

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13
Q

What are the components of the ACh

A

Achytl CoA

Choline

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14
Q

What is the name of the enzyme that is involved in the ACh synthesis

A

Choline acetyl transferase

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15
Q

How is the ACh is removed

A

By distraction

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16
Q

Why we distract ACh instead of removing it

A

Because the accumulation of the ACh is so dangerous

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17
Q

What does the accumulation of the ACh do

A

It doea parasympatheticover

By lowering HR and constriction of branches

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18
Q

What is the name if the enzyme that is involved in ACh distraction

A

It is called ACh estrase

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19
Q

How many types of the ACh estrase do we have ans where are they

A

We have two rypes true and pseudo

True in the nerves ending

Pseudo in the plasma

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20
Q

What is the most famous anti ACh estrase drug

A

Physostigmine

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21
Q

What is the name of the efferents that are leaving the CNS

A

Called centeral

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22
Q

What are the types of the central efferents

A

Somatic

Perganglionic autonomic

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23
Q

What are the name of the efferents that are the leaving the ganglions

A

Peripheral efferents

24
Q

What are the types of the peripheral efferents

A

Pos ganglion sympathatic

Pos ganglion parasympathetic

25
Q

What is the chemical transmitter that is used in the ganglions

A

ACh

26
Q

What is the chemicla transmitter of the parasympathetic

A

ACh

27
Q

What is the chemical transmitter of the sympathetic

A

Nor epi except the sweet glands and the blood vessels of the skeletal muscles

28
Q

What is the use name of the central cholinergic receptors

A

Nicotinic receptors

29
Q

Why is the nicotinic receptors called like this

A

Because they are sensitive to nicotine

30
Q

What is the used name of the peripheral cholinergic receptors

A

Muscarinic

31
Q

How many types of cholinergic receptors we have

A

Nicotinic

Muscarinic

32
Q

What is the drug that stimuli nicotinic receptors

A

Nicotine small dose

33
Q

What drug stimulates mascarinic receptors directly

A

Pilocarpine

34
Q

What are the drugs that stimuli the chloinergic receptors indirectly

A

ACh estrases like prostigmine

35
Q

What is the treatment for the war gases and patients with insecticide that has anti AChestrase

A

We give him Atropin to stop the para

36
Q

What is the blocker of the nicotinic receptors

A

Nicotinic high dose

37
Q

What is the blocker of the N-M junction

A

Curare

38
Q

What is the blocker of the muscarinic receptors

A

Atropine

39
Q

What is the difference between the adrenaline and noradrenaline

A

Adrenaline is a hormone

Noradrenaline is neurotransmitters

40
Q

Which is stronger epi ir norepi and how many time

A

Epi is stronger by 10 times

41
Q

What is the formation chain of the nor adrenaline

A

Phenylalanine tyrosine
Dopa dopamine
Nor adrenaline
Adrenaline

42
Q

In how many ways we get rid of noradrenaline from the synapse

A

1- 80% re uptake by the neuron
2-blood diffusion
3-MAO monoamino oxidase
4-COMT catechol-o-methyltransferase

43
Q

Where is the MAO exists

A

Liver kidney CNS

44
Q

Where is the COMT enzyme exist

A

Liver kidney

45
Q

Where is the beta -2 receptors exists and what do they don

A 
They are inhibitors 
Branchiol nuscles
Blood vessels expect skeleton muscles vessels
Stomach wall
Bladder wall
46
Q

Where is the beta -1 receptors exists and what do they don

A

Heart
Hormones
Metabolic
Adrenergic nerves

47
Q

Where is the alpha -1 receptors exists and what do they do

A

Pupillary dilator
Spleen
Sphincters

48
Q

Where is the alpha -2 receptors exists and what do they do

A

Intestines walls

Adrenergic nerve

49
Q

Which receptors are effected by the epi

A

Alpha ثم alpha ثم alpha ثم beta

50
Q

How does the adrenaline effects the alpha and the beta receptors

A

It effects them both equally

51
Q

What is the blocker of the alpha

A

Phentalamine

52
Q

What blockes the beta rec

A

Propronolol

53
Q

What are the adrenergic nerve endings stimuli drugs

A

Amphetamine

Ephedrine

54
Q

What are the adrenergic nerve ending inhibitors drugs

A

False transmiten methyl dope

Guanithidine

55
Q

Are the epi and nor epi hormones or neurotransmitters with explanation

A

They are hormones and neurotransmitters but the epi work as neurotransmitters in the CNS only but the nor epi work in the CNS and in the PNS in the sympathetic

56
Q

What is the effect if the nor epi on the systolic and diastolic pressure

A

It increases both

Diastolic by VC and systolic by Heart rate

57
Q

What is the effect of the epi on the systolic and diastolic pressure

A

It increases systolic by heart rate

But do not effect the diastolic because it do VD

Physiology (15 decks)

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