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Physiology > Nagi's 1st/2nd Leacture CVS > Flashcards

Nagi's 1st/2nd Leacture CVS Flashcards

1
Q

What is the kind of oxygen in the arteries and veins in the pulmonary circulation

A

Arteries deoxygenated

Veins oxygenated

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2
Q

What is the kind of oxygen in the arteries and veins in the systemic circulation

A

Arteries oxygenated

Veins deoxygenated

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3
Q

Is the heart output in the systemic circulation are equal to the heart output in the pulmonary circulation

A

Yes they hace the same value

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4
Q

What is the main function of the atrium

A

It ia to reserve blood not pump it to the ventricle it only pumps 30%

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5
Q

Which one is essential for life the atrium or the ventricle

A

The ventricle it pumps the blood to the body and it also take the blood from the atrium 70% by. Suction

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6
Q

What is the are the types of the heart values

A

1- semi-lunar

2- AV valves

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7
Q

Which heart valve have a two cuspids only

A

The mitral valves between the left atrium and ventricle

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8
Q

What is the highest pressure in the pulmonary circulation

A

20-30 mmHg

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9
Q

What is the highest pressure in the systemic circulation

A

It is 100-140mmHg

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10
Q

What is the functions of the AV node

A

1- it works as a capel between the SA node and the ventricles
2- it works in case of SA node get damaged

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11
Q

How many impulse does the SA nodes generate in the min

A

100

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12
Q

How many impulses does the AV node send in the min

A

60

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13
Q

What is the function of the cordae tendineae

A

They prevent the valves from opening the opposite side

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14
Q

What happens in the case of blockage of the AV bundle

A

One of the purkenje cells works as a node bybrate 20-40min temporary

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15
Q

What is syncitium

A

It a connection between the cells

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16
Q

What are the types of the syncitium

A

Two types functional and anatomical
The anatomical when there is no cell wall between the cells
And fuctional when there is a gap junction between the cells

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17
Q

How many types of syncitia does the heart has

A

Two
1-for atriumial contraction
2- for ventriclal contraction

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18
Q

What happens in the phase 0 of fast response of AP

A

activation of Na fast channels
Activation of L type Ca channels at -40mv

Depolarization

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19
Q

What happens at the 1 phase of fast response of AP

A

Inactivation of Na fast channels
Activation of K channels
Activation of Cl channels

Partial repolarization

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20
Q

What happens at the phase 2 in the fast response AP

A 
It is called the plateau 
The Ca channels opens
The L type Ca channels become fully active 
The Ca influx equals K influx 
At the end of the phase 
Na/Ca exchanger works
The L type channel stops
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21
Q

What happens at the phase 3 of fast response AP

A

The K influx continue after becoming not equal with Ca influx due to Na/Ca exchanger

But at -40mv the DRK stops and IRK continue instead

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22
Q

What happens at the phase 4 of fast response AP

A

The Na/K keep the normal membrane potential

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23
Q

When does the systole happens according the electrical changes f the heart

A

Immediately after or shortly after the depolarization start

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24
Q

When does the diastole happens according the electrical changes f the heart

A

At the end of the palteau

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25
When does the systole end according the electrical changes f the heart
At the end of the plateau
26
How long do the diastole last
Double time of the 3rd phase
27
How much time does the mechanical changes take comparing electrical
1/2
28
What are the phases that the absolute recovery period takes
Electrical 0,1,2,and early3 | Mechanical all systolic and early diastolic
29
What are the phases the relative recovery period cover
Electrical rest of 3
30
What is the vulnerable phase of the heart
It is the supranormal late of phase 3
31
Which vagus nerve supply the the SA node
The right vagus nerve
32
Which vagus nerve supply the the AV node
It is the left vagus
33
What is the vagus parasympathetic effect on the SA node
It decreases its rate form 100 to 72
34
What is the called the rhythm of the purkinje cell that get converted to peace maker
It is called idiovent rhythm
35
What is the rate of the idiovent rhythm
20-40
36
What is the difference between the atriumal and the ventricle AP
Same but in the atrium the plateau is shorter
37
What happens at the phase 0 in the pacemaker potential
The cell excitablty will gonfrom -60 to -50 by the influx of the Na and then from -50 to -40 by Ca influx
38
What is the name id the Na channel that cause the exiatablty of pacemaker potential in the phase 4
Called Non specific Na channel and it make K enter too
39
What is the name id the Ca channel that cause the exiatablty of pacemaker potential in the phase 4
It is T type Ca channel
40
What happens at phase 0 in the pacemaker potential
1-the T type Ca channels inactive | 2- L type Ca channels get active
41
What happens at phase 3 of pacemaker potential
1-L type Ca channels stops | 2-the DRK start
42
Does the pacemaker potential happens in the systolic or in the diastolic
In diastolic because the heart contracts after electric production
43
What are the phase that are miised in the pacemaker potential
1,2 Rapid partial repolarization Plateau
44
Which potential has stable resting membrane potential | The artial and ventricular or the pacemaker potential
The atrial and ventricular has stable | But the pacemaker potential does not has a stable one
45
What is the effect of sympathetic impulses on the heart
It will increase the heart rate tachycardia or +ve chronotropy
46
Which receptors does the sympathetic effect the heart by
Beta-1
47
How does the sympathetic increase the heart rate
1-increase the funny flow 2- making the slope in phase 4 sloper 3-reach the threshold of the phase 0 faster
48
What is the effect of the parasympathetic on the heart and on which receptor
It decreases the rate (bradycardia ) Or -ve chronotropy Muscarinic receptor
49
How does the parasympathetic effect the heart
By activation of K ACH channel that will increase the K efflux which will decrease the slope of phase 4
50
How does the catecholamines effet the heart
It does like the same as sympathetic
51
What is the effect of the temperature on the heart rate
Every increase by 1C it decreases the Ht by 10 times and vice versa
52
What is the effect of hypokalemia on the heart rate
Tachycardia because less K in the ECF means less K efflux means the cell is more negative and close to the threshold
53
What is the effect of hyperkalemia on the heart rate
Bradycardia because more K in the ECF means more K efflux means the cell is more positive and away from the threshold
54
The Ca channels blocker on which type of ca channels
Ca L type
55
What does the heart conductivity depends on
Number of gap junctions | Amplitude and speed if the upstroke (phase 4)
56
What it is possible to effect the Gap junction ability
1- low level of O means less ATP | 2- high level of Ca it effects the ions flow due to the التنافر
57
What are the factors the effect the velocity of the heart conductivity
1- Autonomic parasympathetic slower upstroke Sympathetic faster upstroke 2-drugs like digitalis as para
58
What is the velocity of the impulse in the atrial
1-atrial myoctes 0.5m/s | 2-Internodal bundle 1
59
What is the velocity of the impulse in the AV node
The slowest 0.05m/s
60
What is the velocity of the impulse if the ventricle
I -AV bundle 2 2-purkinges 4 3-ventricular myocytes
61
What is the impotence on the AV node slowness
1- delay the ven contraction : more time to fill | Protect the ventricle against the high pathological Atrial rhythms

Physiology (15 decks)

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