MYCOSIS

Question 1

what does dimorphi means ?

Answer 1

two forms exist for one fungus species depending on temperature, conditions and environment

Question 2

mycelial form-

yeast or yeast like form-

Answer 2

free living form found in nature and at lab temp 30c

parasitic phase found in human tissue or in the lab

Question 3

types dimorphi capable of causing systemic infection :

Answer 3

histoplasma capsulatum
blastomyces dermatitdis
coccidioides immitis
paracoccidioides brasiliensis
sporothrix schenckii

Question 4

histoplasma capsulatum resevoir

Answer 4

bat guano(spelunker)
bird droppings

Question 5

histoplasmosis disease includes

Answer 5

progressive pulmonary
chronic systemic infection w dissemination to the RES including bone marrow
acute fulminating systemic disease(fatal)
AIDS in immunosuppressed ppl

Question 6

ways to detect histoplasmosis diagnosis ?

Answer 6

antigen detection in urine good for immune suppresssed patients that do not produce detectable antibody

Question 7

histoplasma capsulatum microscopic apperance in culture ?

Answer 7

colony is white to brown and cottony

tuberculated macronidia that are large and round plus small micronidia

Question 8

infectios particle growing in nature and capable of penetrating deep into lung are

Answer 8

micronidia

Question 9

histoplasma capsulatum unsual variant is

Answer 9

histoplasma capsulatum var duboisii affect bone and skin

Question 10

sporothrix schenckii causes

Answer 10

sporotrichosis

Question 11

risk factor of sporotrichosis is

Answer 11

avid gardener that have cutaneous inocolation of fungus from penetrating injury with spore or thorn like roses

Question 12

sporotrichosis can cause

Answer 12

lymph cutaneous spread bone and systemic, pulmonary and CNS infections are rare but reported

Question 13

mold phase and yeast phase characteristics of sporothrix schenckii

Answer 13

mold phase : turns brown to black over time

yeast phase : described as cigar body

Question 14

2types of mycetoma (subcutaneous fungal infections) :

Answer 14

actinomycotic- caused by higher bacteria

eumycotic -caused by dark pigmented molds

Question 15

criteria to describe mycetoma

Answer 15

lesions lead to swollen extremities
draining sinus
sulfur granule observed in tissue

Question 16

candida albicans can be found in

Answer 16

GIT and GU tract and skin

Question 17

candida albicans causes variety infections include

Answer 17

thrush, vaginitis, skin lesions, nail, diaper rrash, fungemia, endocarditis

Question 18

candida albicans indentification is by

Answer 18

germ tube formation

chlamydospore formation

Question 19

cryptococcus neoformant resevoir is the bird droppings from

Answer 19

pigeon that enriched w nitrogen

Question 20

mode of transmission for c neoformant is

Answer 20

thru pulmonary system with hematogenous spread to brain and meninges (air borne, bird droppings)

Question 21

virulence factor for crytococcus neoformant

Answer 21

polysacccharide capsule

Question 22

what is dermatophytosis ?

Answer 22

clinical condition caused by fungal infection of the skin in humans

Question 23

malassezia furfur(cutaneous and superficial mycoses) causes what disease ?

Answer 23

pityriasis versicolour (most superficial of the dermatomycoses)
macules,papules,patches, plaque on chest back and shoulder with either hypo or hyper pigmentation
fungemia

Question 24

fungemia in neonates caused by

Answer 24

skin flora tunneling in the iv lipid feeding lines

Question 25

malassezia furfur needed ____ to survive

Answer 25

oil

Question 26

dermatophytes (ring worm infections) is the fungi that causes

Answer 26

parasitic infection, collectively dermatophytes, feed on keratin, the material found in the outer layer of skin, hair and nails

Question 27

3 genera of fungi

Answer 27

microsporum species
epidermophyton floccosum
trichophyton species

Question 28

how to visulize fungal hyphae in ring worm infections?

Answer 28

do a KOH prep or calcofluor white prep

Question 29

types of fungal infection or dermatophytes (ring worm)

Answer 29

tinea pedis (athlete foot) 
tinea ungunium -fingernails,toenails 
tinea corposis -arms, legs , trunk
tinea crusis - jock itch in groin area
tinea manuum - hands and palm area
tinea capitis - scalp and hair
tinea barbae - facial hair
tinea faceiei -face area

Question 30

A 42-year-old women presents with asthma and allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis. Which of the following is the virulence factor that most likely involved this condition ?

Answer 30

mycotoxin from aspergillus furmigatus