INTRODUCTION OF MYCOLOGY

Question 1

what is yeast

Answer 1

unicelullar fungi reproduce by budding

Question 2

what is moulds

Answer 2

produce hyphae and mycelium

Question 3

explain fungi structure

Answer 3

cell wall contain chitin (rigid sucture)
cytoplasmic membrane contain ergoserols
divide asexually/sexually

Question 4

how fungi eat

Answer 4

heterotrophic secrete extracelullar enzyme for absorptive nutrition

Question 5

importance of fungi ?

Answer 5

yeasts(beer,bread)
antibiotic penicilin
mushrooms (amanita poisnous)
soy sauce (aspergillus)

Question 6

differences btween bacteria and fungus

Answer 6

fungi (eukaryote) - bacteria(prokaryote)
hv mito - no mmito
chitin and glucagans - peptidoglycan cell wall
ergosterol - lipopolysaccharide cell membrane

Question 7

4types of mycotic diseases

Answer 7

hypersensitivity
mycotoxicosis-produce toxin
mycetismus -mushroom posion
infection

Question 8

farmer’s lung -moldy hay
cheese washer’s lung
malt worker disease

Answer 8

hypersensitive disease

Question 9

parasitic state of fungi :

Answer 9

increase metabolic state
modified metabolic pathways
modified cell wall structure -carbo content, lipid structure, RNA aggregates

Question 10

pathogenicity of fungi :

Answer 10

survive tissue environment

Question 11

hyphae (filamentous fungi, mycelium) morphology

Answer 11

septate

coenocytic

Question 12

3 opportunistic common fungi pathogen

Answer 12

candida albicans
cryptococcus neotomans
aspergilus umigatus

Question 13

steps of mycelium formation

Answer 13

spore - hypha- mycelium

Question 14

list dimorphic fungi form

Answer 14

yeast form -parasitic, tissue form, cultured at 37c

mycelium form -saprophytic form, cultured at 25c

Question 15

types of asexual spores

Answer 15

arthrospore, blastospore, chamydospore, conidia (micro,macro)

Question 16

factors of establishment of mycotic agent

Answer 16

inoculum size

resistance to host

Question 17

portal of entry of fungi :

Answer 17

GIT 
urinary tract
respiratory tract
eye
mouth (oral trush)
skin
anus

Question 18

colonization means

Answer 18

multiplication of organism at site but not harmfull

Question 19

infection means

Answer 19

invasion and multiplication of organism in body tissue resulting local celullar injury

Question 20

fungi disease is classified to 4 groups :

Answer 20

superficial mycoses-
subcutaneous mycoses - dermis of skin, deep tissue, bone
mucocutaneous mycoses
deep mycoses

Question 21

tinea is infection by dermatophyte of what fungi

Answer 21

ringworm fungi , trichophytan, microsporum, epidermophyton

Question 22

dermatophytes diseases :

Answer 22

tinea pedis, tinea corposis, onychomycosis

Question 23

candida albicans is invasive fungal disease that affect morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised ppl ,what is the virulence factors

Answer 23

dimorphism
phenotypic mating type switching
biofilms

Question 24

what is mycetoma

Answer 24

chronic destructive disease affect skin, underlying tissue, bone

Question 25

mycetoma is caused by

Answer 25

madurella spp scedosporium spp leptosphaeria

Question 26

histoplamosis is due to

Answer 26

prolonged exposure to aerolised spores

Question 27

blastomycosis affecting skin by

Answer 27

forms large budding yeast in tissue

Question 28

india ink stain the _____

Answer 28

cryptococcus neoformans