Differential stain that uses a lipid permeabilizing first step 1. Primary Stain 2. Acidic alcohol decolorizing step 3. Counter Stain

Mycobacterium Flashcards by Stephanye Quinn

Etiology

Mycobacterium bovis

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Mycolic Acid

Fatty acids in the cell wall

Carbon chain length varies by genus

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Corynebacterium < Nocardia < Mycobacterium

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Causative agent of Avian Tuberculosis

Mycobacterium avium subsp avium

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Pathogenesis of Mycobacterium bovis

Bacilli phagocytosed by macrophages
Infected macrophages secrete TNF-alpha and IL-12
T helper 1 lymphocyte activity
Secretion of INF-gamma and IL-12
Cell mediated immunity and destruction of bacilli

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Mycobacterium bovis

Zoonotic TB

Maintained in bovine species

Indistinguishable from that of M. tuberculosis in humans

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Mycobacterium lepraemurium

Feline and Murine Leprosy

Granulomatous Dermatitis Panniculitis

Canine Leproid Granulomas

Cutaneous nodules or ulcerated lesions

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Third most frequent mycobacterial disease in humans

Mycobacterium ulcerans

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Rapidly growing saprphytic mycobacterial species

M fortuitum

M abscessus

M chelonae

M smegmatis

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Disease

Etiology

Canine Leproid Granulomas

Mycobacterium lepraemurium

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Diagnostic test

Comparative Cervical Tuberculin Skin Test

Mycobacterium bovis

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Acid Fast Staining

Differential stain that uses a lipid permeabilizing first step

Primary Stain
Acidic alcohol decolorizing step
Counter Stain

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Examples of Acid Fast Stains

Ziehl-Neelsen

Kinyons Stain

Auramine Rhodamine Stain

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Causative agent of Non-Tuberculosis Mycobacteriosis

Mycobacterium avium subsp sylvaticum

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Photochromagoens

Growth pattern of mycobacterium - pigemented in presence of light

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Mycobacterium Avium Complex (MAC)

Soil and Water

Low pH

Phenotypically indistinguishable members

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Mamailian tuberculosis is caused by what agents

M tuberculosis complex:

M. tuberculosis
M bovis
M africanum
M microti

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Mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis is excreted through

Milk

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Johne’s Disease is caused by what agent

M. avium subsp paratuberculosis

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Etiology

Mycobacterium leprae

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Urease

Mycobacterium virulence factor

Secreted to inhibit acidification of phagosomes

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Cord Factor - Dimyclyl trehalose

Virulence factor of mycobacterium

Cell all surface glycolipid that inhibits chemotaxis, acts as adjuvant and is leukotoxic

Growth patterns of mycobacterium

Photochormoagoens

Scotochromogens

Non Chromogens

Tuberculoid Leprosy

Paucibacillary; few AFB

Saprophytic Mycobacterium

Granulomatous to pyogranulomatous host response

Cutaneous lesions and ulcers

Multibacillary vs paucibacillary

Animal reservoir of Mycobacterium leprae

Nine banded armadillo

Disease Etiology

Granulomatous Dermatitis Panniculitis Mycobacterium lepraemurium

Sulfatides

Mycobacterium virulence factor Cell wall surface glycolipids which prevent fusion of phagosomes with lysosomes and interfere wtih reactive oxygen species

Characteristics of Mycobacterium

Acid Fast Positive Contain Mycolic Acids Unique peptidoglycan chemotype

Avian tuberculosis is caused by what agents

M avium subsp avium serotypes 1-3

Mycobacterium Avium Complex (MAC) consists of what species

M. intracellulare M. avium subsp avium M. avium subsp sylvaticum M. avium subsp hominissuis M. avium subsp paratuberculosis

Leprosy is caused by what agents

M. leprae -human M. lepraemurium - cat

Diagnosis of Mycobacterium lepraemurium

Direct Staining - Geimsa or Acid Fast Stain

Diagnosis Mycobacterium bovis

Tuberculin Hypersensitivity Skin Tests Caudal Fold Tuberculin Test

T/F: All Mycobacterium are obligate pathogens

False \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ Obligate Pathogens, Opportunistic Pathogens, Soil/Water Saprophytes

Lepromatous Leprosy

Multibacillary; no cell mediated response, severe disease with numerous AFB

Causative agent of Johne's Disease

Mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis

Diagnosis of Johne's Disease

Direct fecal culture on Herrold's Egg Yolk Media

Lesions associated with Mycobacterium bovis

Nodular lesions in target organs (lungs, head,GI) and associated lymph nodes

Elements of tubercule

Granuloma formation Activated macrophage/epitheloid cells Caseous necrosis Fibroblast Mineralization

Etiology

Mycobacterium bovis

Scotochromogens

Growth pattern of mycobacterium - pigmented in the absence of light

Virulence Factors of Mycobacterium

Mycolic Acid Protein Antigens Cord Factor Sulfatides Lipoarabinomann (LAM) Urease

Etiology

Mycobacterium avium

Etiology

M. avium subsp paratuberculosis Johne's Disease

Slow growing saprophytic mycobacterium

M avium M kansasii M marinum

Lipoarabinomannon - LAM

Mycobacterium virulence factor Inhibits macrophage activation by INF-gamma, induces macrophages to secrete TNF- alpha and IL-10

Identify Mycobacterium

Runyon Groups Growth Patterns Biochemical Patterns Total Cell Fatty Acid Analysis Nucelic Acid Detection

Mycobacterium ulcerans

Buruli ulcer Tropical wetlands Cytotoxin, mycolactone cause tissue necrosis

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Humans are main reservoir Zoonosis and arthropozoonosis Elephant to human transmission

Johne's Disease

Ruminants Chronic, progressive granulomatous enteritis Diarrhea, weight loss, thickened ileal mucosa

Transmission of Mycobacterium bovis

Aerosol transmission Shed in milk

Leprosy - Hansens Disease - Chronic Granulomatous Debilitating Disease

Mycobacterium leprae Skin lesions, peripheral neuropathy and nerve thickening