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RUSVM Bacteriology > Mycobacterium > Flashcards

Mycobacterium Flashcards

1
Q

Etiology

A

Mycobacterium bovis

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2
Q

Mycolic Acid

A

Fatty acids in the cell wall

Carbon chain length varies by genus

___________________________

Corynebacterium < Nocardia < Mycobacterium

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3
Q

Causative agent of Avian Tuberculosis

A

Mycobacterium avium subsp avium

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4
Q

Pathogenesis of Mycobacterium bovis

A
  • Bacilli phagocytosed by macrophages
  • Infected macrophages secrete TNF-alpha and IL-12
  • T helper 1 lymphocyte activity
  • Secretion of INF-gamma and IL-12
  • Cell mediated immunity and destruction of bacilli
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5
Q

Mycobacterium bovis

A

Zoonotic TB

Maintained in bovine species

Indistinguishable from that of M. tuberculosis in humans

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6
Q

Mycobacterium lepraemurium

A

Feline and Murine Leprosy

Granulomatous Dermatitis Panniculitis

Canine Leproid Granulomas

Cutaneous nodules or ulcerated lesions

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7
Q

Third most frequent mycobacterial disease in humans

A

Mycobacterium ulcerans

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8
Q

Rapidly growing saprphytic mycobacterial species

A

M fortuitum

M abscessus

M chelonae

M smegmatis

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9
Q

Disease

Etiology

A

Canine Leproid Granulomas

Mycobacterium lepraemurium

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10
Q

Diagnostic test

A

Comparative Cervical Tuberculin Skin Test

Mycobacterium bovis

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11
Q

Acid Fast Staining

A

Differential stain that uses a lipid permeabilizing first step

  1. Primary Stain
  2. Acidic alcohol decolorizing step
  3. Counter Stain
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12
Q

Examples of Acid Fast Stains

A

Ziehl-Neelsen

Kinyons Stain

Auramine Rhodamine Stain

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13
Q

Causative agent of Non-Tuberculosis Mycobacteriosis

A

Mycobacterium avium subsp sylvaticum

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14
Q

Photochromagoens

A

Growth pattern of mycobacterium - pigemented in presence of light

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15
Q

Mycobacterium Avium Complex (MAC)

A

Soil and Water

Low pH

Phenotypically indistinguishable members

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16
Q

Mamailian tuberculosis is caused by what agents

A

M tuberculosis complex:

  1. M. tuberculosis
  2. M bovis
  3. M africanum
  4. M microti
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17
Q

Mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis is excreted through

A

Milk

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18
Q

Johne’s Disease is caused by what agent

A

M. avium subsp paratuberculosis

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19
Q

Etiology

A

Mycobacterium leprae

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20
Q

Urease

A

Mycobacterium virulence factor

Secreted to inhibit acidification of phagosomes

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21
Q

Cord Factor - Dimyclyl trehalose

A

Virulence factor of mycobacterium

Cell all surface glycolipid that inhibits chemotaxis, acts as adjuvant and is leukotoxic

22
Q

Growth patterns of mycobacterium

A

Photochormoagoens

Scotochromogens

Non Chromogens

23
Q

Tuberculoid Leprosy

A

Paucibacillary; few AFB

24
Q

Saprophytic Mycobacterium

A

Granulomatous to pyogranulomatous host response

Cutaneous lesions and ulcers

Multibacillary vs paucibacillary

25
Q

Animal reservoir of Mycobacterium leprae

A

Nine banded armadillo

26
Q

Disease

Etiology

A

Granulomatous Dermatitis Panniculitis

Mycobacterium lepraemurium

27
Q

Sulfatides

A

Mycobacterium virulence factor

Cell wall surface glycolipids which prevent fusion of phagosomes with lysosomes and interfere wtih reactive oxygen species

28
Q

Characteristics of Mycobacterium

A

Acid Fast Positive

Contain Mycolic Acids

Unique peptidoglycan chemotype

29
Q

Avian tuberculosis is caused by what agents

A

M avium subsp avium serotypes 1-3

30
Q

Mycobacterium Avium Complex (MAC) consists of what species

A

M. intracellulare

M. avium subsp avium

M. avium subsp sylvaticum

M. avium subsp hominissuis

M. avium subsp paratuberculosis

31
Q

Leprosy is caused by what agents

A

M. leprae -human

M. lepraemurium - cat

32
Q

Diagnosis of Mycobacterium lepraemurium

A

Direct Staining - Geimsa or Acid Fast Stain

33
Q

Diagnosis Mycobacterium bovis

A

Tuberculin Hypersensitivity Skin Tests

Caudal Fold Tuberculin Test

34
Q

T/F: All Mycobacterium are obligate pathogens

A

False

_______________________

Obligate Pathogens, Opportunistic Pathogens, Soil/Water Saprophytes

35
Q

Lepromatous Leprosy

A

Multibacillary; no cell mediated response, severe disease with numerous AFB

36
Q

Causative agent of Johne’s Disease

A

Mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis

37
Q

Diagnosis of Johne’s Disease

A

Direct fecal culture on Herrold’s Egg Yolk Media

38
Q

Lesions associated with Mycobacterium bovis

A

Nodular lesions in target organs (lungs, head,GI) and associated lymph nodes

39
Q

Elements of tubercule

A

Granuloma formation

Activated macrophage/epitheloid cells

Caseous necrosis

Fibroblast

Mineralization

40
Q

Etiology

A

Mycobacterium bovis

41
Q

Scotochromogens

A

Growth pattern of mycobacterium - pigmented in the absence of light

42
Q

Virulence Factors of Mycobacterium

A

Mycolic Acid

Protein Antigens

Cord Factor

Sulfatides

Lipoarabinomann (LAM)

Urease

43
Q

Etiology

A

Mycobacterium avium

44
Q

Etiology

A

M. avium subsp paratuberculosis

Johne’s Disease

45
Q

Slow growing saprophytic mycobacterium

A

M avium

M kansasii

M marinum

46
Q

Lipoarabinomannon - LAM

A

Mycobacterium virulence factor

Inhibits macrophage activation by INF-gamma, induces macrophages to secrete TNF- alpha and IL-10

47
Q

Identify Mycobacterium

A

Runyon Groups

Growth Patterns

Biochemical Patterns

Total Cell Fatty Acid Analysis

Nucelic Acid Detection

48
Q

Mycobacterium ulcerans

A

Buruli ulcer

Tropical wetlands

Cytotoxin, mycolactone cause tissue necrosis

49
Q

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

A

Humans are main reservoir

Zoonosis and arthropozoonosis

Elephant to human transmission

50
Q

Johne’s Disease

A

Ruminants

Chronic, progressive granulomatous enteritis

Diarrhea, weight loss, thickened ileal mucosa

51
Q

Transmission of Mycobacterium bovis

A

Aerosol transmission

Shed in milk

52
Q

Leprosy - Hansens Disease - Chronic Granulomatous Debilitating Disease

A

Mycobacterium leprae

Skin lesions, peripheral neuropathy and nerve thickening

RUSVM Bacteriology (21 decks)

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