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RUSVM Bacteriology > Anaerobic Bacteria > Flashcards

Anaerobic Bacteria Flashcards

1
Q
A

Fusobacterium necrophorum

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2
Q
A

Clostridium piliforme

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3
Q

__________ is a common predisposing faxtor for and host response to Clostridial infection.

A

Necrosis is a common predisposing faxtor for and host response to Clostridial infection.

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4
Q

Diagnose Clostridium septicum

A

Direct Fluorescent antibody staining

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5
Q

Pathogenesis of Clostridium chauvoei

A

Exogenous infections occur through wounds → Result in anaerobic environement → Deposited endospores germinate and multiply → Toxins elaborated during growth cause more tissue destruction → Fermentation of muscle glycogen results in gas accumulation → Metabolic end products have distinctive smells

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6
Q

Cause and Disease

A

Clostridium tetani

Tetanus

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7
Q

Diagnosis of anaerobic, non spore forming, gram negative rods

A

PCR

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8
Q
A

Clostridium tetani

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9
Q
A

Clostridium difficile

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10
Q

Virulence factor of Fusobacterium necrophorum

A

Leukotoxin

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11
Q

Clostridium piliforme is an obligate (intra/extra)-cellular pathogen

A

Clostridium piliforme is an obligate (intra/extra)-cellular pathogen

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12
Q

Descending tetanus occurs in (more/less) susceptible animals.

A

Descending tetanus occurs in (more/less) susceptible animals.

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13
Q

Early symptoms of infection in mammals involve hind limb paralysis, skeletal muscle paralysis leads to respiratory failure.

A

Clostridium botulinum

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14
Q

Exogenous, causes gas gangrene and Big Head in rams

A

Clostridium novyi, Type A

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15
Q

Diverse group of organisms with toxin types A-G. Toxin type determines the species affinity, causes botulism

A

Clostridium botulinum

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16
Q

Clostridium _____ toxin causes enterotoxemia, pulp kidney disease and overeating disease

A

Clostridium D toxin causes enterotoxemia, pulp kidney disease and overeating disease

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17
Q

Causes symmetrical flaccid paralysis

A

Clostridium botulinum

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18
Q

Cause and Disease

A

Clostridium botulinum

Botulism

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19
Q

Produce black iron porphyrin pigments

A

Porphyromonas spp

Prevotella spp

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20
Q

___________ is contraindicated in horses for treatment of Clostridium difficile.

A

Clindamycin is contraindicated in horses for treatment of Clostridium difficile.

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21
Q

Why can’t you use aminoglycoside antibiotics for anaerobic infections?

A

Aminoglycoside transport mechanisms require oxygen.

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22
Q

Cause

A

Clostridium septicum

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23
Q

Cause

A

Clostridium perfringens

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24
Q

Cause and Disease

(Rear Leg Paralysis)

A

Clostridium botulinum

Botulism

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25
Q

Pathogenesis of Clostridium novyi, Type B

A

Spores in the intestine reach liver and remain dormant in Kupffer cells → Traumatic damage by liver fluke → Anaerobic condition → Germination of spores → hepatits

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26
Q

Diagnose Clostrdium difficile

A

Direct toxin detection

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27
Q

Ascending tetanus

A

Toxin travels from the regional motor nerve in the limb, tetanus develops in limbs first then spred to other parts

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28
Q

Causes Black Leg in calves

A

Clostridium chauvoei

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29
Q

Diagnosis of Clostridium botulinum

A

Toxin in serum of animal

Toxin in food/stomach contents

MALDI-TOF

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30
Q

Gram (positive/negative) anaerobic bacteria are typically non spore forming.

A

Gram (positive/negative) anaerobic bacteria are typically non spore forming.

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31
Q

Why are antimicrobials not indicated for Clostridium perfringens?

A

Toxins cause disease, not the actual bacteria

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32
Q

_________ is one of the most lethal toxins from Clostridium perfringens and is considered a bioterrorism agent.

A

Epsilon is one of the most lethal toxins from Clostridium perfringens and is considered a bioterrorism agent.

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33
Q

Acute, fatal diarrheal disease of lab animals with associated focal liver necrosis

A

Clostridium piliforme

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34
Q

Cause

(Necrotizing myositis)

A

Clostridium septicum

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35
Q

C. chauvoei, C. septicum, C. novyi, C. hemolyticum, C. sordellii and C. perfringens are considtered ________________ clostridia

A

C. chauvoei, C. septicum, C. novyi, C. hemolyticum, C. sordellii and C. perfringens are considtered histotoxic clostridia

36
Q

Cause necrotic dermatitis in chicken

A

Clostridium septicum

37
Q

Endogenous, causes Black disease (infectious necrotic hepatitis), predisposed by fluke damage

A

Clostridium novyi, Type B

38
Q

Gram (positive/negative) anaerobic bacteria can be spore forming and non spore forming.

A

Gram (positive/negative) anaerobic bacteria can be spore forming and non spore forming.

39
Q

Malignant edema, exogenous infection through wounds or through dormant spores present in muscle tissue, fatal toxemia.

A

Clostridium septicum

40
Q

Treatment of Clostridium difficile

A

Electrolytes/Fluids

Probiotics

41
Q

Identification methods for anaerobic bacteria

A

Biochemical test kits

16S rRNA gene sequencing

MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry

42
Q

Potant neurotoxin produced by C. tetani

A

Tetanospasmin

43
Q

Toxins produced by Clostridium difficile

A

Tox A (enterotoxin) and Tox B (cytotoxin)

_________________

Work synergistically

44
Q

Toxins are preformed in a variety of sources including decaying vegetable matter, meat, fish, carcasses and invertebrates. Animals become infected when ingested

A

Clostridium botulinum

______________________

A gram of dried flesh may have enough botulinum toxin to kill a cow

45
Q

Virulence Factor of Dichelobacter nodosus

A

Fimbraie, Proteases

46
Q

Obligate Anaerobes

A

Do not tolerate oxygen

47
Q

C. perfringens, C. difficile, C. spiroforme and C. colinum are ____________ Clostridial species.

A

C. perfringens, C. difficile, C. spiroforme and C. colinum are Enteropathogenic and Enterotoxigenic Clostridial species.

48
Q

Causes spastic paralysis

A

Clostridium tetani

49
Q

Ascending tetanus occurs in (more/less) susceptible animals.

A

Ascending tetanus occurs in (more/less) susceptible animals.

50
Q

Produce terminal endospores, widespread in soil and feces and grows in contaminated wounds. Produce toxins that prevent the release of neurotransmitters.

A

Clostridium tentani

51
Q

Cause

A

Fusobacterium necrophorum

______________________

Foot rot, calf diphtheria, liver abscess

52
Q

Highly fatal disease of cattle and sheep, emphysematous sweling, and crepitant swelling develop. 100% fatality

A

Clostridium chauvoei

53
Q

Clostridium perfringens have _______ major toxins.

A

Clostridium perfringens have four major toxins.

54
Q

Causes enterocolitis due to disruption of normal flora and proliferation of bacteria and toxin production. Risk factors include recent antibiotic therapy, increased age and hospitalization

A

Clostridium difficile

55
Q

Cause Braxy in sheep

A

Clostridium septicum

56
Q

Overeating Disease

A

Fluid-distended intestine with petechial haemorrhage on serosal surfaces

_______________

Caused by C. perfringens type D

57
Q

Cause

A

Clostridium difficile

58
Q

Diagnose Clostridium tetani infection

A

History and Clinical Signs

59
Q

Endogenous infection causes liver damage and bacillary hemoglobinuria in cattle and sheep

A

Clostridium hemolyticum

(Clostridium novyi, Type D)

60
Q

Toxin of Clostridium botulinum is absorbed and distributed in

A

Toxin of Clostridium botulinum is absorbed and distributed in the bloodstream

61
Q

Commensal bacteria of rabbits. Produces iota toxin and causes enterotoxemia and explosive diarrheal disease.

A

Clostridium spiroforme

62
Q

Direct fluorescent antibody staining tests are available for what Clostridial species

A

C. chauvoei

C. septicum

C. novyi

63
Q

Diagnosis of Clostridium perfringens

A

Microscopic Examination

Culture - grows well!

Toxin detection

Biological Assay

Serological Tests

64
Q

Tetanolysin promotes

A

tissue invasion

65
Q

Clinical signs of an anaerobic infection

A

Foul smelling

Gas

Necrotic tissue, abscesses

Pyogranulomatous lesions with sulfur granules

Mucous membrane infection

Don’t respond to aminoglycosides

Absent growth in aerobic culture

66
Q

Treatment of Clostridium perfringens

A

Hyperimmune serum

67
Q

Toxins are produced in decaying carcass in which maggots ingest and concentrate the toxin. Aquatic birds ingest the maggot and continues the cycle.

A

Clostridium botulinum

68
Q

Disease and Cause

A

Overeating disease

Clostridium perfringens type D

69
Q

Clostridium _____ toxin causes necrotizing enteritis in piglets

A

Clostridium C toxin causes necrotizing enteritis in piglets

70
Q

Treatment of Clostridium septicum

A

Penicillin

____________________

Only effective if given early

71
Q

Describe the pathogenesis of Clostridium tetani

A

Wound infection by C. tetani → Toxin produced in wounds → Toxin enters motor nerves → Retrograde transport allows entrance into neuromuscular endings of motor nerves → Prevent release of NT, glycine and GABA → Spastic paralysis

72
Q

Clostridium _____ toxin causes necrotizing haemorrhagic enteritis in multiple species.

A

Clostridium A toxin causes necrotizing haemorrhagic enteritis in multiple species.

73
Q

T/F: Anti-diarrheals are a good treatment therapy for Clostridium Difficile

A

False

___________________

Can cause accumulation of toxin

74
Q

Anaerobic bacteria are present in all __________ of mammals

A

Anaerobic bacteria are present in all mucous membranes of mammals

75
Q

Treatment for Clostridium botulinum

A

Antitoxin (unbound toxin only)

Therapeutic drugs to increase acetylcholine release

Supportive Care

76
Q

Pulpy Kidney Disease

A

Rapid post mortem autolysis of kidneys

___________________

Caused by C. perfringens type D

77
Q

Disease and Cause

A

Pulp Kidney Disease

Clostridium perfringens type D

78
Q

Lincomycin, Clindamycin and Erythromycin are contraindicated in treating Clostridium spiroforme infections in rabbits because

A

Lincomycin, Clindamycin and Erythromycin are contraindicated in treating Clostridium spiroforme infections in rabbits because they induce Clostridium related enterotoxemia

79
Q

Descending tetanus

A

Toxin travels in the blood stream affects motor nerve centers in the head and neck first and then spread to the limbs

80
Q

Treatment of anaerobic, non spore forming, gram negative rods

A

Remove necrotic tissue

Antiseptic foot baths

Penicillin / Metronidazole / Clindamycin

81
Q

Causes foot rot in sheep, extensive necrosis and keratinolysis in severe cases

A

Dichelobacter nodosus

82
Q

Growth of Clostridia in the body requires _________ conditions.

A

Growth of Clostridia in the body requires anaerobic conditions.

83
Q

Causes foot rot, hepatic abcesses, calf diphteria in cattle

A

Fusubacteriumm necrophorum

84
Q

Widespread in nature in soil and intestines, produce more types of toxins thatn any other bacterial group.

A

Clostridium spp

85
Q

Causes Tyzzer’s disease

A

Clostridium piliforme

86
Q

Treatment of Clostridium tetani

A

Antitoxin

Anti-tetanus equine serum

Antimicrobial treatment

Debridement of wounds

Supportive care

RUSVM Bacteriology (21 decks)

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