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Anaerobic Bacteria Flashcards

1
Q
A

Fusobacterium necrophorum

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2
Q
A

Clostridium piliforme

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3
Q

__________ is a common predisposing faxtor for and host response to Clostridial infection.

A

Necrosis is a common predisposing faxtor for and host response to Clostridial infection.

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4
Q

Diagnose Clostridium septicum

A

Direct Fluorescent antibody staining

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5
Q

Pathogenesis of Clostridium chauvoei

A

Exogenous infections occur through wounds → Result in anaerobic environement → Deposited endospores germinate and multiply → Toxins elaborated during growth cause more tissue destruction → Fermentation of muscle glycogen results in gas accumulation → Metabolic end products have distinctive smells

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6
Q

Cause and Disease

A

Clostridium tetani

Tetanus

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7
Q

Diagnosis of anaerobic, non spore forming, gram negative rods

A

PCR

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8
Q
A

Clostridium tetani

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9
Q
A

Clostridium difficile

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10
Q

Virulence factor of Fusobacterium necrophorum

A

Leukotoxin

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11
Q

Clostridium piliforme is an obligate (intra/extra)-cellular pathogen

A

Clostridium piliforme is an obligate (intra/extra)-cellular pathogen

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12
Q

Descending tetanus occurs in (more/less) susceptible animals.

A

Descending tetanus occurs in (more/less) susceptible animals.

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13
Q

Early symptoms of infection in mammals involve hind limb paralysis, skeletal muscle paralysis leads to respiratory failure.

A

Clostridium botulinum

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14
Q

Exogenous, causes gas gangrene and Big Head in rams

A

Clostridium novyi, Type A

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15
Q

Diverse group of organisms with toxin types A-G. Toxin type determines the species affinity, causes botulism

A

Clostridium botulinum

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16
Q

Clostridium _____ toxin causes enterotoxemia, pulp kidney disease and overeating disease

A

Clostridium D toxin causes enterotoxemia, pulp kidney disease and overeating disease

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17
Q

Causes symmetrical flaccid paralysis

A

Clostridium botulinum

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18
Q

Cause and Disease

A

Clostridium botulinum

Botulism

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19
Q

Produce black iron porphyrin pigments

A

Porphyromonas spp

Prevotella spp

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20
Q

___________ is contraindicated in horses for treatment of Clostridium difficile.

A

Clindamycin is contraindicated in horses for treatment of Clostridium difficile.

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21
Q

Why can’t you use aminoglycoside antibiotics for anaerobic infections?

A

Aminoglycoside transport mechanisms require oxygen.

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22
Q

Cause

A

Clostridium septicum

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23
Q

Cause

A

Clostridium perfringens

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24
Q

Cause and Disease

(Rear Leg Paralysis)

A

Clostridium botulinum

Botulism

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25
Pathogenesis of Clostridium novyi, Type B
Spores in the intestine reach liver and remain dormant in Kupffer cells → Traumatic damage by liver fluke → Anaerobic condition → Germination of spores → hepatits
26
Diagnose Clostrdium difficile
Direct toxin detection
27
Ascending tetanus
Toxin travels from the regional motor nerve in the limb, tetanus develops in limbs first then spred to other parts
28
Causes Black Leg in calves
Clostridium chauvoei
29
Diagnosis of Clostridium botulinum
Toxin in serum of animal Toxin in food/stomach contents MALDI-TOF
30
Gram (positive/negative) anaerobic bacteria are typically non spore forming.
Gram (positive/**negative**) anaerobic bacteria are typically non spore forming.
31
Why are antimicrobials not indicated for Clostridium perfringens?
Toxins cause disease, not the actual bacteria
32
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ is one of the most lethal toxins from Clostridium perfringens and is considered a bioterrorism agent.
**Epsilon** is one of the most lethal toxins from Clostridium perfringens and is considered a bioterrorism agent.
33
Acute, fatal diarrheal disease of lab animals with associated focal liver necrosis
Clostridium piliforme
34
Cause | (Necrotizing myositis)
Clostridium septicum
35
C. chauvoei, C. septicum, C. novyi, C. hemolyticum, C. sordellii and C. perfringens are considtered ________________ clostridia
C. chauvoei, C. septicum, C. novyi, C. hemolyticum, C. sordellii and C. perfringens are considtered **histotoxic** clostridia
36
Cause necrotic dermatitis in chicken
Clostridium septicum
37
Endogenous, causes Black disease (infectious necrotic hepatitis), predisposed by fluke damage
Clostridium novyi, Type B
38
Gram (positive/negative) anaerobic bacteria can be spore forming and non spore forming.
Gram (**positive**/negative) anaerobic bacteria can be spore forming and non spore forming.
39
Malignant edema, exogenous infection through wounds or through dormant spores present in muscle tissue, fatal toxemia.
Clostridium septicum
40
Treatment of Clostridium difficile
Electrolytes/Fluids Probiotics
41
Identification methods for anaerobic bacteria
Biochemical test kits 16S rRNA gene sequencing MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry
42
Potant neurotoxin produced by C. tetani
Tetanospasmin
43
Toxins produced by Clostridium difficile
Tox A (enterotoxin) and Tox B (cytotoxin) \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ Work synergistically
44
Toxins are preformed in a variety of sources including decaying vegetable matter, meat, fish, carcasses and invertebrates. Animals become infected when ingested
Clostridium botulinum \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ A gram of dried flesh may have enough botulinum toxin to kill a cow
45
Virulence Factor of Dichelobacter nodosus
Fimbraie, Proteases
46
Obligate Anaerobes
Do not tolerate oxygen
47
C. perfringens, C. difficile, C. spiroforme and C. colinum are ____________ Clostridial species.
C. perfringens, C. difficile, C. spiroforme and C. colinum are **Enteropathogenic and Enterotoxigenic** Clostridial species.
48
Causes spastic paralysis
Clostridium tetani
49
Ascending tetanus occurs in (more/less) susceptible animals.
Ascending tetanus occurs in (more/**less**) susceptible animals.
50
Produce terminal endospores, widespread in soil and feces and grows in contaminated wounds. Produce toxins that prevent the release of neurotransmitters.
Clostridium tentani
51
Cause
Fusobacterium necrophorum \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ Foot rot, calf diphtheria, liver abscess
52
Highly fatal disease of cattle and sheep, emphysematous sweling, and crepitant swelling develop. 100% fatality
Clostridium chauvoei
53
Clostridium perfringens have _______ major toxins.
Clostridium perfringens have **four** major toxins.
54
Causes enterocolitis due to disruption of normal flora and proliferation of bacteria and toxin production. Risk factors include recent antibiotic therapy, increased age and hospitalization
Clostridium difficile
55
Cause Braxy in sheep
Clostridium septicum
56
Overeating Disease
Fluid-distended intestine with petechial haemorrhage on serosal surfaces \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ Caused by C. perfringens type D
57
Cause
Clostridium difficile
58
Diagnose Clostridium tetani infection
History and Clinical Signs
59
Endogenous infection causes liver damage and bacillary hemoglobinuria in cattle and sheep
Clostridium hemolyticum | (Clostridium novyi, Type D)
60
Toxin of Clostridium botulinum is absorbed and distributed in
Toxin of Clostridium botulinum is absorbed and distributed in **the bloodstream**
61
Commensal bacteria of rabbits. Produces iota toxin and causes enterotoxemia and explosive diarrheal disease.
Clostridium spiroforme
62
Direct fluorescent antibody staining tests are available for what Clostridial species
C. chauvoei C. septicum C. novyi
63
Diagnosis of Clostridium perfringens
Microscopic Examination Culture - grows well! Toxin detection Biological Assay Serological Tests
64
Tetanolysin promotes
tissue invasion
65
Clinical signs of an anaerobic infection
Foul smelling Gas Necrotic tissue, abscesses Pyogranulomatous lesions with sulfur granules Mucous membrane infection Don't respond to aminoglycosides Absent growth in aerobic culture
66
Treatment of Clostridium perfringens
Hyperimmune serum
67
Toxins are produced in decaying carcass in which maggots ingest and concentrate the toxin. Aquatic birds ingest the maggot and continues the cycle.
Clostridium botulinum
68
Disease and Cause
Overeating disease Clostridium perfringens type D
69
Clostridium _____ toxin causes necrotizing enteritis in piglets
Clostridium **C** toxin causes necrotizing enteritis in piglets
70
Treatment of Clostridium septicum
Penicillin \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ Only effective if given early
71
Describe the pathogenesis of Clostridium tetani
Wound infection by C. tetani → Toxin produced in wounds → Toxin enters motor nerves → Retrograde transport allows entrance into neuromuscular endings of motor nerves → Prevent release of NT, glycine and GABA → Spastic paralysis
72
Clostridium _____ toxin causes necrotizing haemorrhagic enteritis in multiple species.
Clostridium **A** toxin causes necrotizing haemorrhagic enteritis in multiple species.
73
T/F: Anti-diarrheals are a good treatment therapy for Clostridium Difficile
False \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ Can cause accumulation of toxin
74
Anaerobic bacteria are present in all __________ of mammals
Anaerobic bacteria are present in all **mucous membranes** of mammals
75
Treatment for Clostridium botulinum
Antitoxin (unbound toxin only) Therapeutic drugs to increase acetylcholine release Supportive Care
76
Pulpy Kidney Disease
Rapid post mortem autolysis of kidneys \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ Caused by C. perfringens type D
77
Disease and Cause
Pulp Kidney Disease Clostridium perfringens type D
78
Lincomycin, Clindamycin and Erythromycin are contraindicated in treating Clostridium spiroforme infections in rabbits because
Lincomycin, Clindamycin and Erythromycin are contraindicated in treating Clostridium spiroforme infections in rabbits because **they induce Clostridium related enterotoxemia**
79
Descending tetanus
Toxin travels in the blood stream affects motor nerve centers in the head and neck first and then spread to the limbs
80
Treatment of anaerobic, non spore forming, gram negative rods
Remove necrotic tissue Antiseptic foot baths Penicillin / Metronidazole / Clindamycin
81
Causes foot rot in sheep, extensive necrosis and keratinolysis in severe cases
Dichelobacter nodosus
82
Growth of Clostridia in the body requires _________ conditions.
Growth of Clostridia in the body requires **anaerobic** conditions.
83
Causes foot rot, hepatic abcesses, calf diphteria in cattle
Fusubacteriumm necrophorum
84
Widespread in nature in soil and intestines, produce more types of toxins thatn any other bacterial group.
Clostridium spp
85
Causes Tyzzer's disease
Clostridium piliforme
86
Treatment of Clostridium tetani
Antitoxin Anti-tetanus equine serum Antimicrobial treatment Debridement of wounds Supportive care

RUSVM Bacteriology (21 decks)

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