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RUSVM Bacteriology > Gram Positive Rods > Flashcards

Gram Positive Rods Flashcards

1
Q

Listeria ___________ causes occastional infection and is associated with ruminant abortion.

A

Listeria ivanovii causes occastional infection and is associated with ruminant abortion.

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2
Q

___________ are large, endospore forming, rapidly growing bacteria that are important soil saphrophytes.

A

Bacillus spp. are large, endospore forming, rapidly growing bacteria that are important soil saphrophytes.

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3
Q

Trueperella ________ can cause summer mastitis

A

Trueperella pyogenes can cause summer mastitis

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4
Q

Facultative intracellular pathogen, lipid-rich cell envelope with mycolic acid capable of intra-macrophage survival and granuloma formation

A

Rhodoccocus equi

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5
Q

The capsule of Bacillus anthracis is unique because

A

The capsule of Bacillus anthracis is unique because it is composed of polymers of D glutamic acid

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6
Q

Edema Factor

A

Component of Anthrax toxin - inhibits neutrophil function

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7
Q

Bacillus anthracis has resistance or reduced susceptibility to

A

Trimethoprim/sulfa

Erythromycin

Azithromycin

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8
Q

Virulence factors of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis

A

Phospholipase D

Lipid Coat

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9
Q

Main species of Nocardia

A

N. asteroides

N. brasiliensis

N. otitidiscavarum

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10
Q

Bacillus ___________ is an insect pathogen.

A

Bacillus thuringiensis is an insect pathogen.

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11
Q

_________ are the most important reservoir for Erysipelothrix spp.

A

Pigs are the most important reservoir for Erysipelothrix spp.

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12
Q

Internal form of caseous lymphadenitis

A

Characterized by abscess formation within internal organs

________________________

More common in sheep

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13
Q

Commensal organism in prepucial mucosa of boars, sexually transmitted and causes porcine cystitis and pyelonephritis

A

Actinobaculum suis

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14
Q

Diagnosis of B. anthracis

A

Blood smear

Aerobic Culture

PCR

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15
Q

Describe the appearance of Rhodococcus equi bacterial colonies

A

Mucoid with a salmon pink color

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16
Q

The presence of mycolic acid is important because

A

The presence of mycolic acid is important because acid-fast stain can be used for diagnosis

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17
Q

Treatment of Nocardia

A

Aminoglycoside + Carbapenem

Trimethoprim/Sulfa

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18
Q

Diagnosis of Rhodococcus equi

A

CBC/ Serum Chemistry

Thoracic Radiographs

Culture

PCR

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19
Q

Reportable Bacillus Pathogen

A

Bacillus Anthracis

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20
Q

Erysipelothrix __________ is less common, it is avirulent in pigs but associated with disease in dogs.

A

Erysipelothrix tonsillarium is less common, it is avirulent in pigs but associated with disease in dogs.

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21
Q
A

Corynebacterium diphtheriae

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22
Q

Causes lumpy jaw in cattle

A

Actinomyces bovis

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23
Q

Diagnosis for Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis

A

Symptoms

Abscess/ Chronic Weight Loss

Culture

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24
Q

Clinical Signs:

Neurological symptoms

Unilateral trigeminal and facial nerve paralysis

Purulent endophthalmitis

A

Listeria spp

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25
Q

Erysipelothrix has an intrinsic resistance to

A

Vancomycin

Aminoglycosides

Sulfonamides

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26
Q
A

Listeria spp

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27
Q

Causes Rain Scald

A

Dermatophilus congolensis

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28
Q

Important virulence factors of B. anthracis

A

Capsule

Anthrax toxin

________________________

Both required for virulence

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29
Q

Pleomorphic, faculative intracellular bacterium. In gram stained smears characteristic long or branching filaments and a tendency to fragment into rods and cocci

A

Nocardia

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30
Q

Common secondary invader in shipping fever pneumonia in cattle

A

Trueperella pyogenes

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31
Q
A

Dermatophilus congolensis

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32
Q

Cause

A

Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae

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33
Q

Treatment of Dermatophilus congolensis

A

Penicillin G and Tetracycline

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34
Q

Cause human childhood disease diphtheria

A

Corynebacterium diphtheriae

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35
Q

Diagnosis of Listera sp

A

Antemortem - Presumptive Dx and History

Histopathology - Microabscesses in the brain

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36
Q

Bovine Farcy

A

Cutaneous nocardiosis in cattle caused by Nocardia asteroides or mycobacteria lesions, typically associated with lymphangitis and lymphadenitis

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37
Q

External form of caseous lymphadenitis

A

Characterized by abscess formation in or near major peripheral lymph nodes

___________________

More common in goats

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38
Q

Protective Factor

A

Component of Anthrax Toxin - cell binding factor responsible for translocation into the cell

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39
Q

The vaccine for B. anthracis must contain what components of the bacteria?

A

Anthrax Toxin

Chromosome

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40
Q

Bacillus _________ are aerobic, non motile, large with squared ends arranged in chains.

A

Bacillus anthracis are aerobic, non motile, large with squared ends arranged in chains.

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41
Q

Causes Murine pseudotuberculosis

A

Corynebacterium kutscheri

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42
Q

The only symptome of per acute septicemia caused by B. anthracis in ruminants

A

Death

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43
Q

Cause and Disease

A

Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis

Caseous lymphadenitis

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44
Q

Summer mastitis

A

communicable disease among pastured daily cattle during the dry period

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45
Q

Bacteria frequently associated with pyogenic infections in livestock

A

Actinomyces

Actinobaculum

Trueperella

46
Q

____________ outbreaks typically occur due to feeding poor quality soilage.

A

Listera spp outbreaks typically occur due to feeding poor quality soilage.

47
Q

The most common way animals get exposed to B. anthracis

A

Exposure to endospores

48
Q

Causes caseous lymphadenitis in sheep and goats

A

Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis

49
Q

Causes pyogranulomatous osteomyelitis

A

Actinomyces spp

50
Q

Species of Corynebacterium that may harbor bacteriophage containing diptheria toxin

A

C. pseudotuberculosis

C. ulcerans

51
Q

____________ is the most common presentation of Listera infection in monogastrics.

A

Septicemia is the most common presentation of Listera infection in monogastrics.

52
Q
A

Bacillus anthracis

53
Q

Treatment for Erysipelothrix spp

A

Penicillin

Tetracycline

Lincomycin

Tylosin

54
Q

Act A virulence factor of _______________ allows intracellular movement to adjacent cells through bacterially induced host actin polymerization.

A

Act A virulence factor of Listeria monocytogenes allows intracellular movement to adjacent cells through bacterially induced host actin polymerization.

55
Q

Cause and Disease

A

Dermatophilus congolensis

“Rain Scald”

56
Q

Cause

A

Actinomyces hordeovulneris

57
Q

__________ is the most common presentation of Listeria infection in ruminants.

A

Encephalitis is the most common presentation of Listeria infection in ruminants.

58
Q

McFadyean Reaction

A

Diagnostic tool for B. anthracis, stains the capsule as a pink shadow with polychromatic methylene blue

59
Q

Species of Nocardia associated with abortion in horses, cattle, sheep and swine often with no other signs in the dam.

A

Nocardia asteroides

60
Q

__________ are pleomorphic, non spore forming and non motile. They contain mesodiaminopimelic acid and short chain mycolic acid in their cell wall.

A

Corynebacterium spp are pleomorphic, non spore forming and non motile. They contain mesodiaminopimelic acid and short chain mycolic acid in their cell wall.

61
Q

Cause and Disease

A

Corynebacterium kutscheri

Murine pseudotuberculosis

62
Q

Nocardia species most commonly isolated in dogs and cats.

A

Nocardia asteroides

63
Q

Koch’s postulates were developed using

A

Koch’s postulates were developed using Bacillus anthracis

64
Q

Bacillus _________ is an obligate mammalian pathogen.

A

Bacillus anthracis is an obligate mammalian pathogen.

65
Q

Zoospores attacted to moist damaged skin, cause epidermal abscesses with hyperkeratosis.

A

Dermatophilus congolensis

66
Q

Previous names of this bacteria were Corynebacterium, Actinomyces and Arcanobacterium pyogenes

A

Trueperella pyogenes

67
Q

Vaccination available for Erysipelothrix spp for

A

Pigs and Turkeys

68
Q

Causes Contagious Bovine Pyelonephritis

A

Corynebacterium renale group

69
Q

Diagnosis of Dermatophilus congolensis

A

Microscopic examination of scabs

Culture

PCR

70
Q

Bacillus ________ is a rare cause of opportunistic infections and food poisoning in mammals.

A

Bacillus cereus is a rare cause of opportunistic infections and food poisoning in mammals.

71
Q

Rhodococcus equi causes most serious cases of pneumonia in ________ old foals.

A

Rhodococcus equi causes most serious cases of pneumonia in 1 to 4 month old foals.

72
Q
A

Corynebacterium bovis

73
Q

Treatment of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis

A

Not considered “curable”

Lancing and Draining/ Surgical excision of abscesses

Extra label use- Penicillin, Rifampin, Tulathromycin

74
Q

Cause of Foal Pneumonia

A

Rhodococcus equi

75
Q

Actinomyces ___________ can be transmitted to animals through fox tail grass awns to cause abscess and epicarditis (chronic)

A

Actinomyces hordeovulneris can be transmitted to animals through fox tail grass awns to cause abscess and epicarditis (chronic)

76
Q

In horses, Corynebacterium ____________ causes ulcerative lymphangitis of lower extremities and abscesses in the pectoral region and ventral abdomen.

A

In horses, Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis causes ulcerative lymphangitis of lower extremities and abscesses in the pectoral region and ventral abdomen

77
Q

Diagnose Actinomyces spp by

A

Culture - Must request aerobic and anerobic

Microscopic examination

78
Q

Causes dematitis and hyperkeratosis in mice

A

Corynebacterium bovis

79
Q

Treatment of Rhodococcus equi

A

Macrolide + Rifampin

80
Q

Listeria monocytogenes Treatment

A

Penicillin

Ceftiofur

Tetracycline

Erythromycin

Trimethoprim/Sulfa

Ampicilling + Genamicin

81
Q

Virulence factors of Rhodococcus equi

A

Capsule

Viruclence Associated Proteins

Mycolic Acid/Techoic Acid

Cholesterol Oxidase

Phospholipase C

82
Q

Synergistic hemolysin inhibition (SHI) Test

A

Detects antibodies to the phospholipase D exotoxin

83
Q
A

Actinomyces spp

84
Q

Erysipelothrix _________ is most frequently isolated, most common in pigs and birds.

A

Erysipelothrix rhsiopathiae is most frequently isolated, most common in pigs and birds.

85
Q

Camp test

A

Cholesterol oxidase enhances hemolysis of weakly hemolytic organisms

86
Q
A

Trueperella pyogenes

87
Q

Treatment for Bacillus anthracis

A

Penicillin

Tetracycline

Doxycycline

Ciprofloxacin

88
Q

Predisposing factors that increase exposure of animals to anthrax spores

A

History of previous deaths

Flooding

Alkaline soil conditions

Warm Temperature

89
Q

What is the staining technique? What is it used for?

A

McFadyean Stain

Bacillus anthracis

90
Q

Disease and Cause

A

Caseous lymphadenitis

Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis

91
Q

Cause and Disease

A

Corynebacterium renale group

Contagious bovine pylenephritis

92
Q

Colonies vary, but usually small, slow growing and “molar tooth like”

A

Actinomyces spp

93
Q

Cause and Disease

A

Actinomyces bovis

Lumpy Jaw

94
Q

Diphtheria toxin is carried by a

A

Diphtheria toxin is carried by a bacteriophage

95
Q
A

Nocardia

96
Q

Diagnosis of Erysipelothrix spp

A

Culture

PCR

97
Q

Corynebacterium renale group consists of

A

C. renale

C. cystiditis

C. pilosum

98
Q

Listeria _____________ is associated with disease in multiple hosts, including humans.

A

Listeria monocyogenes is associated with disease in multiple hosts, including humans.

99
Q

Divides in two planes to give “tram track” appearance and produce coccoid fragments which become motile zoospores

A

Dermatophilus congolensis

100
Q

Swine from ____________ of age and pregnant sows are most susceptible to Erysipelothrix spp.

A

Swine from 3m to 1y of age and pregnant sows are most susceptible to Erysipelothrix spp.

101
Q

Diagnosis of Nocardia

A

Culture

Acid Fast Stain

Histopathology

102
Q

Habitat of Rhodococcus equi

A

Soil, however virulence is maintained in horses

103
Q

Non-hemolytic, medusa head colonies

A

Bacillus anthracis

104
Q

Lethal Factor

A

Component of Anthrax Toxin - induces cell death and hypoxia induced tissue injury/shock

105
Q

Causes Pigion Fever - Colorado Strangles - Dry-Land Distemper

A

Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis

106
Q

Treatment of Acitomyces sp infection

A

Penicillin G - long term and high doses

Surgical excision of foreign bodies

107
Q

What season do Listeria spp outbreaks typically occur?

A

Winter, Early Spring

108
Q
A

Erysipelothrix spp

109
Q

Most species of __________ recovered from animals are not considered pathogenic.

A

Most species of Corynebacterium recovered from animals are not considered pathogenic.

110
Q

Three components of Anthrax Toxin

A

Edema Factor

Lethal Factor

Protective Factor

111
Q

__________ is isolated from many species of animals and is found ubiquitously in the environment as it is capable of growing at a wide range of temperatures

A

Listeria spp is isolated from many species of animals and is found ubiquitously in the environment as it is capable of growing at a wide range of temperatures

112
Q
A

Bacillus spp

RUSVM Bacteriology (21 decks)

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