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Pharmacology Final > Mycobacterials > Flashcards

Mycobacterials Flashcards

1
Q

Description of mycobacteria

A

Aerobic

Acid fast_ contain mycolic acid (carbolfuschin stain)

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2
Q

MDR tuberculosis

A

Multi drug resistant
_ isoniazid
_ rifampin

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3
Q

XDR tuberculosis

A

Resistance to first line AND second line drugs (fluoroquinolone¡ mycins)

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4
Q

First line drugs for tuberculosis

A

Rifampin
Isomoazid
Pyrazynamide
Ethambutol

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5
Q

Second line agents

Tuberculosis

A 
fluoroquinolones (cipro, levo, moxi)
Streptomycin
Amycacyn
Kanamycin
Cycloserine
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6
Q

Izoniazid

Mech

A

Inhibits synthesis of enzymes needed for mycolic acid synthesis

Best antituberculous drug (water soluble)

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7
Q

Izoniazid

Side effects

A

Hepatotoxicity
Neurotoxicity
Lupus like syndrome and anemia

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8
Q

Rifampin

Mech

A

Fat soluble

Blocks bacterial rna synthedis binds to dna dependednt rna polymerase
Used in TB AND LEPROSY

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9
Q

Rifampin
Side effects
CI

A

Turns body fluids red orange color
Gi upset
CONTRAINDICATED WITH PROTEASE INHIBITORS FOR HIV “navir”

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10
Q

Alternatives to rifampin

A

Rifamycins
- rifapentin longer half life (also contraindicated with se inhibitors)

-rifabutin tx for hiv ( when they use protease inhibitors) pt also for prophylaxis of mycobacterium avian complex

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11
Q

Ethambutol

Mech

A

Water soluble

Blocks arabinogalactin __ component of bacterial cell wall

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12
Q

Ethambutol

Effects

A

Retinal damage
Peripheral neuritis
Visual disturbances

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13
Q

Pyrazinamide
Mechanism
Spectrum

A

Disrupts membranes function

Narrow spectrum for TB

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14
Q

Pyrazinamide

Effects

A 
Derivative of nicotinic acid 
Hepatic dysfunctions 
Polyarthralgia
Myalgia
Hyperuricemia
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15
Q

Streptomycin

Tx

A

Tx tuberculosis meningigits and organ tuberculosis

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16
Q

Cycloserine

Mech

A

D ala analogue
Inhibits incorporstion of d alanine into peptidoglycan

Exclusively used to tx tb

Causes CNS disorders

17
Q

Leprosy tx

A

Rifampin
Dapsone
Clofazimine (for severe inf)

18
Q

Dapsone

Mech

A

Inhibits bacterial folic acid synthesis

Best one to tx leprosy

19
Q

Clofazimine

Mech

A

Dna binding

Alternate drug for leprosy

20
Q

Tx for non tuberculosis mycobacterium

A

ETHAMBUTOL
RIFAMPIN

macrolides (erythromycin azithromycin clarithromycin)

Fluoroquinolones

21
Q

In a patient how has HIV and Tuberculosis and is currently taking protease inhibitors- what do you give

A

Rifabutin

22
Q

Pyrazinamide

Length of tx And why

A

Used 2/6 months due to toxicity

Nicotinic acid derivative

23
Q

What do you give to tx side effects of izoniazid

A

Pyridoxine (B6)

24
Q

Izoniazid derivative of

A

Pirydoxine B6

25
Q

Pyrazinamide derivative of

A

Nicotinic acid

26
Q

Use of dapsone in AIDS patient

A

use of dapsone in AIDS pt is to tx PCP not leprosy

Pharmacology Final (20 decks)

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